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JOHN TRADESCANT THE ELDER

EARLY
BRITISH BOTANISTS

AND THEIR GARDENS

BASED ON UNPUBLISHED WRITINGS OF

GOODYER, TRADESCANT, AND OTHERS

R. T. GUNTHER, M.A., F.L.S.

LIBRARIAN AND RESEARCH FELLOW OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE

With Nine Plates and Twenty-one other Illustrations

OXFORD

PRINTED BY FREDERICK HALL FOR THE AUTHOR
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

SQENCe

QK
21

G7Gi

Priatcd in England

PREFACE

The following accounts of some Botanists of the
Elizabethan and Jacobean age have gathered around the
literary remains of one who, but twelve years ago, was
introduced to us as 'A forgotten Botanist of the seven-
teenth Century By a strange hazard we can now come
closer to John Goodyer through his own writings than
to any of the contemporaries whose names have been
writ larger on the roll of the history of botany : and
through him, other botanists of distinction have been
made known, who otherwise would have remained in
almost total oblivion ; for as a modern authority has
recently discovered, ' Every writer of the period owned
help from Goodyer in one way or another'.^

The Goodyer papers serve to illustrate missing chapters
in the histories of Botany and Horticulture in that most
interesting period of British Science, the hundred years
which preceded the foundation of the Royal Society.
Authors of standard histories of British Botany, largely
based on German authority, have been apt to skim rapidly
over this period, in which several of our countrymen were
in some respects well abreast of Linnaeus. And these
manuscripts with all the annotated books, which Goodyer
bequeathed to Magdalen College in 1664, are probably
the completest and most useful collection, for a study of
English Botany that was not merely pre-Linnean, but was
pre-Morisonian and pre-Raian as well.

In his scientific attitude of mind Goodyer was superior
to several of the first members of the Royal Society.

^ White, Bristol Flora, p. 57.

PREFACE

He had no use for the superstitions of Ashmole or
Aubrey, nor would he, Hke Sir Kenelm Digby, have fed
his wife on capons fattened with the flesh of vipers in
order to preserve her beauty. Nor would he, like the
credulous Sir R. Moray, have seen tiny geese, perfectly
shaped, in little shells adhering to trees among the western
islands of Scotland.

His notes begin in 1616, show the period of his greatest
activity to have been in 162J, and become fewer after
1633. The material came into my hands in the form of
thousands of scraps of paper in disorder and in various
handwritings. These had first to be sorted and bound ;
and then, although Goodyer could, and did generally
write a remarkably clear hand, his jotted notes are
scribbles, and exceedingly difficult to read. In some cases
weeks elapsed before the meaning of the more difficult
passages dawned upon me, and even with expert help,
there are still unread words in our text. Our readers
will kindly remember that many notes, that we have
printed as indications of occupations and interests, were
solely intended for the eye of the writer.

Further biographical details have been gleaned from
visits to various parts of the country, from ledgers
relating to College estates, from the parish registers of
several Hampshire towns, from the account books of the
Weston Charity at Petersfield, from wills at Somerset
House.

As the work progressed new facts relating to Goodyer s
botanical contemporaries emerged, which were scarcely
less interesting than those relating to himself Except
in the papers which we now describe, there is no other
surviving record of their work for Botany or Horticulture.
This is due in some measure to the disturbances of the
Civil War, partly too to the death of such workers as

PREFACE

How, Dale, and Johnson at an early age, and before the
complete publication of their v^^ork, and partly to the
absence at that early period of any School of English
Botany or of any botanical journal.

Thanks to Goodyer we are now able to print much new
matter relating to the plant-records of Sir John Salusbury,
William Mount, Richard Shanne, Walter Stonehouse,
William How, Dr. John Dale, and others, to publish
many ' first evidences ' of the plants of Kent, Hampshire,
and other counties, and to list the garden plants grown
by John Coys, John Parkinson, the elder Tradescant,
and Morison ; and in some instances from their original
writings. To many, our lists of pre-Linnean plant-names may
appear uninteresting, but we believe that such publication
is a necessary preliminary to the preparation of any com-
prehensive monograph on the subject of the introduction
of plants into English Gardens, whence a few, e. g. the
Italian Ivy-leaved Toadflax, have run wild all over the
country.

If in this compilation I have disentangled a few of the
knots in that ancient skein of names and dates, I rest
satisfied. I know that the fabric is left with plenty of
'ends' for other workers, and, like the Irishman's net, is
full of holes.

It remains for me to acknowledge my obligations to
my College, not only for having given me the opportunity
of finding and arranging the Goodyerian manuscripts, but
also for having made a most substantial contribution
towards the heavy cost of the printing. St. John's and
Jesus Colleges have likewise assisted with grants in aid
of the publication of the plant records of How and
Salusbury, distinguished members of their respective
Societies, and the Delegates of the Clarendon Press have
assisted financially at a very difficult time and by the loan

PREFACE

of their block of the Tradescant portrait. Mr. J. Murray
has lent blocks of Lobel and Parkinson. Miss Lacell
permitted me to look over Goodyer's house in Petersfield
and Mr. C. Branfill Russell pointed out the vestiges of
Coys's house and garden. The design of a partridge with
a good ear of wheat in its bill, which is impressed on the
binding of this volume, is the crest of Mr. Edward Goodyear,
who has kindly lent the stamps with which all the books
bequeathed to Magdalen College by his kinsman have been
marked.

I have derived much advantage from the printed works
of my predecessors, Canon Vaughan the 'discoverer',
Miss Wotton the ' pioneer ', and Mr. Druce the ' producer '
of the forgotten Hampshire botanist of the Seventeenth
Century. On certain doubtful points I have had the
advantage of the experience of Dr. Church, and in the
reading of difficult passages, of Messrs. Salter, Driver,
Craster, and Gambier-Parry.

My grateful acknowledgements are due to my friends
Sir David Prain, Professor Keeble, the officers of the
Botanical Department of the British Museum, Dr. Rendel
and Mr. James Britten ; Dr. Stapf of the Kew Herbarium,
and especially Dr. Day don Jackson, the biographer of
Gerard and Turner. To all I must express my thanks for
much valuable assistance. I have also to thank my wife
for sacrificing much time in the labour of revising both
manuscript and proofs.

R. T. GUNTHER.

Magdalen College.
February 1922.

CONTENTS

Life of John Goodver

Descriptions of Plants by Goodyer

III

The Goodyer's Botanical Library

Notes on Contemporary Botanists

Lists of Plants grown in English Gardens

Lists of Exotic Plants

VII

Goodyer's Miscellaneous Papers .

INDEXES

Goodyer's List of Plants (Index I)

II. Index of Plants . . . . .
III. Index of Persons, Places, and Things

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

John Tradescant ...... Frontispiece

Map of South-east Hampshire 4

Mapledurham House . 7

The Garden at Stubbers ..... facing 16
Mill-mountain ......... 22

Jerusalem Artichoke 23

Sheet Mill facing a 8

Goodyer's four Elms 39-4^

Goodyer's signature ........ 55

Plan of Petersfield 64

Goodyer's House in the Spain .... facing 64

Goodyer's House in the Spain ...... 66

Interlinear Translation of Dioscorides . . facing 84
Drawings by Goodyer ....... 99

Potamogeton 124-125

Description of Yew . . . . . . . .169

The Heath at Petersfield facing 188

Notes in Ray's Catalogus . . . . . . -223

Lobel 246

j Old Testimonial to Lobel ..... facing 248

( Sonnet dedicated to Lobel .... „ 249

Signatures to Lobel's second Testimonial . . . 250
John Parkinson ......... 266

j Letter ..... facing 276

( First Draft of a British Flora by How . . facing 276
Yucca .......... 313

Tradescant's Title-Page ....... 334

THE LIFE OF JOHN GOODYER

John Goodyer was bom at Alton in Hampshire in 1592.^
Possibly he first saw the light in a house belonging to
Magdalen College, Oxford, the College which both through
its landed property in the Petersfield district, through
Goodyer's relationship to its tenants and bailiffs, and
through the scientific members of its foundation, was so
fully to win his confidence and affection, that in his last will
and testament he bequeathed to it his most cherished
possession, his botanical library and manuscripts. These
materials are now available for the reconstruction of his
life and work.

His father, Reginald Goodyer, appears several times
in the College books.^ There is a copy of the terms on
which the then President, William Langton, and the
Fellows of the College leased to ' Reginald Goodyeare
a yeoman of the parish of St. Laurence in Alton, the farm
called Beeches Place and the wood called Priors Reade
now or late in the tenure of Henry Mervyn, Esq., at an
annual rent of /^4. 35. 4^. together with two quarters of
' good, sweete, & marchantable wheate, and furthermore
3 quarters of good sweete make to be delivered within
the said College or their value in money according to the
prices of the Oxford market.

^ I have no knowledge of an entry in any Baptismal Register. The year has
probably been calculated from his Marriage Licence which states his age as
forty in 1632.

2 The entry in Ledger K is dated 27 July 1614, and on f. 188 there is a further
entry made in 161 9, when the name is spelt Reginald Goodier. According to
information from Miss Wotton, Reginald Goodyer had previously paid taxes
direct from Alton in 1600, and was described in a Star Chamber Case as
a yeoman of Alton in 1605. Then {Star Chamber Proc. Ja7nes I, 204-13) he
gave evidence for Sir Richard Pawlett, showing intimate acquaintance with the
manor of Herriard, where his father was living in 1572, and with the hamlet of
Southropp. It is possible that he was a sub-tenant of Beeches Place under
Henry Mervyn, before he held it under a direct lease from the College.

JOHN GOODYER

Concerning Reginald's family history we have no
knowledge. His wife Ann, who predeceased him, bore
him two sons and two daughters: Lewis, b. 1579, d. 1655,
Rose, Ann, and John, b. 1592. Lewis had at least eight
children and left numerous descendants ; Rose married
William Yalden ; Ann married Richard Pratt and had
three sons ; and John, the subject of this memoir, had an
only daughter Elizabeth.

The Yaldens were still more closely connected with
Magdalen College. In i 593 William Yalden, perhaps the
father of John's brother-in-law, leased from Magdalen
farm-lands in Sheet, near Petersfield, known as Brooke-
land, Skindre, Shirk leyes, and Pulyns. As early as 1587
(30 Elizabeth) with * Dorothie his wyffe ' he rented Sheet
mills, and in 1596 acting as the College bailiff, collected
the College rents, ^171 55. 3^. from Selborne and
;^i8 9^. 6d. from Petersfelde. In 1597, he was appointed
steward for the holding of courts and leets within the
borough of Petersfield, by Th. Hanbury of Buriton, who
had recently purchased the property. The lease for the
Sheet mills mentions ' water mills, a wheat mill and a malt
mill, together with all the waters, watercourses, ponds,
fishinge, banckes, baies, and fludgates thereunto belonging,
with free libertie to digg turfe in the great moore '. Even
the legal document is redolent of the natural amenities,
for which the rent was £^ 65. Zd. and half a crown in 1618.
William Yalden, described as of the diocese of Chichester,
was the College Clerk of the Account from 1616 to 1643 J
and among the other College tenants were Crusophilus
Yalden at Roplie Farm (16 18) and Henrie Yalden in the
Spaine in Petersfield.

John Goodyers nephew and heir, the Rev. Edmund
Yalden, son of William Yalden of Sheet, gen., became a
Demy and Fellow of Magdalen, 1630 to 1642, when he
resigned his fellowship on being presented to the Rectory
of Compton in Surrey. Sheet was a botanical locality
often mentioned by Goodyer.

GOODYER'S COUNTRY

The Goodyer country is perhaps better known to, though
less visited by the EngHsh reader, than any other inland
area in England. Its natural features and attractions have
been made widely known by the premier work on nature
study in our language, the classic Natural History of
Selborne, by Gilbert White.

This country in which John Goodyer lived extends
among the chalk hills at the junction of the North and
South Downs, on and around one of the principal watersheds
of south Britain. Born in the valley of the Wey, whose
waters flow into the Thames, he passed his young manhood
at Droxford on the Meon, which runs straight down to the
Solent six miles west of Portsmouth ; while at Petersfield
he lived by the sources of the Rother, whose waters,
mingling with those of the Arun, enter the English Channel
at Arundel. A cyclist could visit all his homes in an
afternoon.

As Gilbert White said a century and a half later, in this
district * so diversified with such a variety of hill and dale,
aspects and soils, it is no wonder that great choice of
plants should be found. Chalks, clays, sands, sheep-walks
and downs, bogs, heaths, woodlands, and champaign fields
cannot but furnish an ample Flora. The deep rocky lanes
abound with filices, and the pastures and moist woods with
fungi. If in any branch of botany we may seem to be
wanting, it must be in the large aquatic plants, which are
not to be expected on a spot far removed from rivers, and
lying up amidst the hill country at the spring heads
And yet perhaps it was just this upland character of his
native country that caused Goodyer to pay especial attention
to water plants whenever he came across them, an atten-
tion of which the reward was several most remarkable
discoveries. He added at least a dozen aquatics to the
British flora.

Nor are the literary associations of this favoured spot
confined to the name of Gilbert White. Droxford is
remembered as the village where Izaak Walton passed

B 2

JOHN GOODYER

the last years of his Hfe, Steventon was the cradle and
Chawton the inspiration of the genius of Jane Austen,
for if Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility were
composed at the former, Emma, Ma^isfield Park, and
Persuasion were produced at the latter ; while Buriton was
the home of the childhood of Edward Gibbon, who always

Sketch-Map of South-East Hampshire.

cherished fond recollections of its natural beauties. ' The
aspect of the adjacent grounds was various and cheerful :
the Downs commanded the prospect of the sea, and the
long hanging woods in sight of the house could not perhaps
have been improved by art or expense/ Such is the
appreciation of the place in the Autobiography of the great
historian.

GOODYER'S COUNTRY

The localities most frequently mentioned in the Goodyer
papers are Alton on the high road from London to
Winchester and about half-way between Farnham and
Alresford, three miles east of which is Ropley. To the
north-east and south-west of Alton are Holybourne and
Chawton respectively. Bramshott and Liphook lie to the
east, Selborne to the west of Woolmer Forest.

The Petersfield localities lie in a ring of about two miles
radius from the town : Steep due north ; Sheet to north-
east on the London- Portsmouth road, Durford Abbey due
east, Buriton due south, overhung by Butser Hill on the
west. The Forest of Bere is about eight miles south of
Petersfield ; while in the south-west quarter lie Hambledon,
seven miles, and Droxford and Soberton about eight miles
distant. Petersfield is about twenty miles from Southampton
and about sixteen miles from Winchester : Idsworth is
about six miles south. Bursledon Ferry over the Hamble
is about four miles from Southampton.

In Goodyer's day, according to a survey of the manor
of East Meon taken on 31 July 1647, 'The "bacon"
(beacon-fire) on Butser Hill was usually supplied out of the
coppices of Hyden woods both with timber and fuel.
Stroud Common was overgrown with bushes which the
tenants claim a right unto for making and mending their
fences, but the great wood belonging to the lord was of late
destroyed except some very little and young oaks all at
present not worth above 305.' In the defining of the
boundaries of the manor, several large trees are mentioned
which must have been well-known landmarks to Goodyer.
They included the yew-tree at Wheatham Green, ' a great
oak standing in the midst of Chescombe, and so abutting
upon the manor of Berriton and Mapledurham upon the
south-east', and a great ash standing on the side of
Butser Hill.^

We have no information as to Goodyer's schooling.
We know that he was not educated either at Winchester

^ Vict. County Hist. Hants, iii, p. 67.

JOHN GOODYER

or at Oxford : it may be that he went to the local Grammar
School at Alton.

His translations of Theophrastus and Dioscorides show
that, like many men of science, he appreciated the classics,
and that he was a considerable Greek scholar for his time.
His library included Latin, Greek, French, Italian, Dutch,
and German books : his notes show that he was well able
to find his way about them, even though he was not very
familiar with ' Duch and the Teutonick*.

As regards his walk in life we have evidence from many
scraps of paper, often torn, upon which he scribbled botanical
notes, drafted letters, kept accounts, wrote prescriptions, &c.
The original writings upon these papers generally relate
to legal proceedings, village affairs, the collection of tithe
and taxes, while two or three documents definitely associate
Goodyer with Sir Thomas Bilson, Knight, of West
Mapledurham, as his steward or agent.

Goodyer's service with the Bilsons is of some importance,
because all who have hitherto written of him have followed
Johnson in describing him as John Goodyer of Mapledurham,
thereby suggesting that he was a landed proprietor in that
place. Moreover, the name by confusion with the well-known
Mapledurham on the Thames, has led to the concealment of
John's identity, as, for instance, when the editor of the
Flora of Hampshire Y^mdsks in 1883 that as Maple Durham
is in Oxfordshire, Goodyer's Maple Durham was a possible
misprint for Maple Durwell, near Basingstoke !

A clear account of the exact relations of the Hampshire
Mapledurhams is given in the Victoria County History of
Hampshire. They are situate in the parish of Buriton
in the hundred of Finchdean. From an original manor
of Mapledurham, dating from before the conquest, were
divided a chief manor of Mapledurham, formerly held by
the Gibbons, and now by the Bonham-Carter family, and
the manor of West Mapledurham which Bishop Bilson
purchased : it is now held by a member of the Legge
family. Then there is Weston, a tithing in the parish of

SIR THOMAS BILSON

Buriton, which is believed to have been roughly co-extensive
with the manor of West Mapledurham, and likewise belongs
to Mr. Legge. The old manor-house of West Mapledurham
was pulled down in 1829, and there is no tradition of any
other old house in the district. The present Farm House
of Weston was built in 1776.^

Sir Thomas Bilson s father, Thomas, Bishop of Winchester
1597— 1616, purchased the manor of West Mapledurham in

Mapledurham House.

1605 from the widow and sons of the recusant Henry Shelley.
On the death of the Bishop in 16 16, the manor descended
to the eldest son Thomas ' aged twenty-four and more ' and
on the latter s death in 1649 to the second son Leonard.

The manor-house was a house with a history. During
the occupation of the Shelleys it had been a centre where
Papists foregathered during the latter part of the sixteenth
century. There in 1586 the recusant Edward Jones used
daily to ' consociate withal and heard mass every day
There were ' priest's holes ' which must have been a great
joy to the Bilson boys : ' there is a hollow place in the
parlour by the livery cupboard where two men may well

* Information from Capt. P. Seward.

JOHN GOODYER

lie together, which has many times deceived the searchers ' ;
and elsewhere ' under a little table is a vault, with a grate
of iron for a light into the garden, as it were the window
of a cellar, and against the grate groweth rosemarye
It is said that sometimes as many as six or seven priests
were in hiding at the same time.

Goodyer may have entered the service j^f Sir Thomas in
1616 or 1617; he was certainly working for him for the
next seven or eight years, and he may actually have been
dwelling in Mapledurham House at the time that he was
corresponding with Johnson in 1632-3. Thus he would
have been correctly designated as ' of Mapledurham*, though
not as a landed proprietor there.

Sir Thomas Bilson of Mapledurham, Knight, had married
at Wickham, 6 August 161 2, Susanna the youngest daughter
of Sir William Uvedale of Wickham, Kt. (a surname
which occurs among Goodyer's notes), having issue Thomas
Bilson of Buriton, born 1614, who married Edith Betisworth
of Roegatt in 1640,^ and Leonard, baptized 5 December 1616,
who was named by Goodyer as one of the executors of his
will, and whose monument may be seen at the west end
of Buriton Church.

How long Goodyer remained with Sir Thomas we do
not know. We deem it certain that he had periodically to
visit the neighbouring towns and outlying farms, and even
to ride up to London on his master's business. But botany
was his hobby, and he probably endeavoured to combine
so far as possible business with pleasure and visits to his
friends' gardens with sittings in courts.

It would be easy to interweave writings of contemporary
local interest into the life of our hero. The lists of the
villagers assessed for tithes and taxes, the picturesque
roll-call of Armour-bearers and Spearmen and ' Peionors
of Beritun ' {= Pioneers of Buriton), were probably all part
of his daily life, but we feel bound to keep within limits,
and have relegated most of the contemporary documents

^ Bishop of London Marr. Lie. For other children, see p. 96 note.

AVOCATION

to the Appendix. At the same time these documents
probably illustrate his varied avocations more definitely
than anything else that has come down to us, and his
biography would be incomplete without a mention of them.
Of special interest are :

I. A Deposition of Arthur Hyde of Weston in the parish of
Buriton concerning Weston Farm in the possession of Sir Thomas
Bilson, Knight (p. 375).

%. A Petition from Fra. Waller ' most humbly intreating yo"^
good worship S'^ Thomas Bilson and to you and yo^ man Ma"". Good-
yer greeting . . (p. 375). Written before 19 July 1621.

3. Notes of acres held by Tho. (Bilson) and ten other persons
in an unmentioned parish (p. 379).

4. Receipt for £2^0 received by W. Inkferbie and Richard Bell
from Sir Tho. Bilson, Knight, at his Mansion House called West
Mapledurham in the county of Southampton (p. 374). Dated
15 November, but unfortunately the year, possibly 1620 or 1622,
is not mentioned.

All these and other papers are endorsed with notes in
Goodyer s hand ; and even more convincing evidence as to
his occupation is supplied by the draft of a letter, which
we provisionally assign to the year 161 8.
Sep. 3-4

5-6 hervest at my being w*^ you I spak of

Oct. 11-12 moving cocks Canary Wine wcl^ my masters mother

12-14 lay by Coppels

15-16 mow gard. & M"^ Bilson was used to . . . for to

^^"^^^^g^^s , you, you told Mr. Hall had not made
No. 14 cover hartichokes j ' j ^ ^ r ^ - ^

payment for all that had fetch m her

name, now he protesteth he hath. You then faithfully promised

me if my master S'" Thomas Bilson did send for any, you would

send him of your best, which you affirmed to be as good as any

was in England. For my lord Bishoppe Bilson was wont to

comend your tast. Nowe my master entreates you to send him

by this bearer Robt Palmer who you comend for his honesty, 4 or

5 gallons of such Canary Sack as you promised me to send in

a sweet vessel. And the next weeke after we know what quantum

you have sent you shall receave your money by the same bearer.

And so 1 rest

Your loving freind,

John Goodier.

[MS. f. 6.

JOHN GOODYER

It is likely that Good}er found a distraction from
thoughts on the grievous troubles of the times in his
botanical studies. During his early years the bitter strife
between Papists and Protestants reached an extreme in-
tensity, as first one and then the other of the conflicting
parties gained the ascendancy, but in all his multifarious
writings there is no note as to the side to which he be-
longed. It may be assumed that he shared the general
tendency of scientific men to take a ' philosophic ' view of
life, showing some disregard of the petty, transient events
which chiefly absorb the attention of mean minds. He
appears to have been a man who felt most at peace when
his thoughts were reposing on the larger and more enduring
aspects of the moral and material world. Yet all round
him was turmoil. In his own county he would have known
many who could have told lurid tales of the heavy blows
of the ' Hammer of Heretics'. As a young man he might
have seen one of the greatest Englishmen, the immortal
Raleigh, undergo trial, imprisonment, and execution, and
the Pilgrim Fathers driven abroad to seek that most
elemental of all liberties, the liberty of worship : they
sailed from Southampton in 1620. In the prime of life the
Civil Wars robbed him both of his best years for scientific
work, and of his great friend, Dr. T. Johnson, killed at
Basing House, to the great loss of natural science.

There is always a danger in reading into fragmentary
documents more than was really meant, and yet there is
a great temptation to a Magdalen man to recall an incident
relating to a Magdalen College choir boy who became
a Bishop of Winchester and Visitor of the College. The
story gives one a vivid idea of the troubled state of
Hampshire in the boyhood of John Goodyer, and greatly
enhances the human interest attaching to his papers about
'pioneers'^ and about Vachell ^ and Uvedale.^ Thomas
Cooper, translated from Lincoln to Winchester in 1584,
was sorely troubled by the number of Romish recusants
* p. 380. 2 276. ' p. i6i.

RECUSANTS IN HAMPSHIRE

in Hampshire, and made it a matter of conscience in 1586
to petition ' for certaine Orders to represse the bouldness
and waiewardnes of the recusants in the Countie of
Southampton *, and also that ' an hundred or two of
obstinate recusants, lustie men well hable to labour, maie
by some convenient Commission be taken up and sent
into Flaunders as Pioners and labourers, whereby the
Country shall be disburdened of a companie of dangerous
persons, and the residue y* remaine be put in some feare
y* theie maie not so safe revoke as now they doe

The council turned a favourable ear to the bishop's
appeal, and wrote to the sheriff and certain of the justices
authorizing the suggested sudden searches and ordering
them to follow the bishop's directions.^ That is why the
occurrence among the Goodyer papers of a list of pioneers
of Buriton carries with it ominous suggestions.

Bishop Cooper died in 1594, when John Goodyer was
two years old, and was succeeded by Thomas Bilson, with
whose son, Sir Thomas Bilson, Goodyer was most closely
associated. Recusancy was still being punished by im-
prisonment in Winchester gaol, but the prisoners benefited
by the general sympathy of the public and were frequently
released. Indeed, Bishop Bilson found that the manor of
Woodcot, Hants, given for the safe keeping of the gaol,
had actually been inherited by a recusant, one Anthony
Uvedale, lately deceased, and had passed to his seven-
year old grandson, Anthony Brewning, whose parents were
recusants. The penalty for the wealthier recusants, that
was enforced about 1 590, was the seizure of two-thirds
of their land ; and among those whose names appear
in the Recusant Rolls at the Record Office are Anthony
Uvedale (the hereditary keeper of Winchester gaol) of
Woodcote, near Alresford, and, Stephen Vachell of Heath
House, Buriton, both of whom are mentioned in the
Goodyer papers.

A few years later an evil system prevailed of farming

* Acts of Privy Council, 1 586-7, p. 125 ; Vict. County Hist. Hants, ii, p. 82.

JOHN GOODYER

out the recusancy fines for a fixed sum, and the payments
by Henry Shelley of Petersfield, among others, were
allotted to certain servants of James I.^

Goodyer was in the habit of jotting down lists of plants
and odd notes on the backs and covers of letters, on
petitions, or on any stray scrap of paper that came handy.
In a way this is fortunate, for often the date of the
document helps us to date the notes which he put upon
it. Intermingled are the figures of calculations, shopping
lists, series of days of the month with the Sundays ticked,
names or plants and books, notes for excursions, medical
prescriptions, names of litigants, taxpayers, and the like.

The sums done on the papers show that his arithmetical
practice did not include the 12 times table, but that he
first multiplied by 2 and then by 10, and added the results
as in long multiplication.

It is through these papers that we infer Goodyer to have
had a training corresponding to that obtained in a solicitor's
office at the present day.

The oldest document in the collection, a fragment,
bearing the name Edward Cole, is dated when Goodyer
was only sixteen years of age, but it would probably have
come into his hands at a later date as part of an account
with which Sir Thomas Bilson was concerned. Edward
Cole may have been the Mayor of Winchester who in the
year before the Armada contributed ;^50 to the war fund,
and who is still remembered in Winchester as the founder
of Christ's Hospital. On the back of this paper Goodyer
jotted down a botanical note dated 1624.

Then there is an Order from one of H.M. Justices of
the Peace residing at New Alresford, but holding court at
Bishops Waltham, to John Rowland of Ropley, requiring him
to take his ' Corporall oth for the dewe Execution and per-
formance of the office of Tithingman-shippe for the Tithinge
of Roplie'. Dated 23 September 16 14. This document
is written in a clerkly hand: whether John Goodyer's or

^ Dotn. State Papers^ James /, xlix, pp. 54-80.

BOTANICAL STUDIES

not does not much matter. And there are several similar
papers. The deduction we would make is that the training
which he received at this period left its mark on all his
botanical work. He acquired an exceptionally neat hand-
writing, and learnt the value of methodical habits and the
importance of dating every note and recorded circumstance
relating to his observations. His descriptions of plants
are most conscientiously dated. Many of his books are
clearly marked with the day and year of purchase, the cost
of binding, and the cost of carriage from London, even
though this came, as in one case, to o^. od.

Sometimes the exact hour of the day at which a piece
of work was begun or finished is recorded with the
precision that might have been expected of his astrologer
contemporaries. But there is no evidence that Goodyer
himself believed in horoscopes : his writings are severely
scientific records of actual observation.

1616

From his practice of dating his books, we know for
certain that Goodyer was contemplating the scientific study
of botany in 1616. During the winter of this year he added
some very important works to his library. In each case
the date and price are neatly written inside the cover of the
book.

s. d.

13 Novemb. 16 16 26 Clusius, Curae posterior es, 161 1.

1 ^ ^ f Clusius. Rariorum plantarum, 1601.
12 Decemb. 1616 16 o | p^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^g^^

15 ffeb. 161 6 15 o Clusius, Exoticarum, 1605.

28 ffeb. 1 6 16 36 Bauhin, Phytopinax, 1596.

10 Marcii 1616 4 o 2nd part \ x- 7 t u 1

TVT z: ^ . ^ \ ^s. bd. Lobel,

12 Mar. 1 61 6 40 ist part \ Plantarum 160

17 Mar. 1 6 16 16 the bindinge them together ) an arum, 5.

The conclusion is irresistible. Such books were not to
be bought in Hampshire : Goodyer must have spent the
winter in London, and have begun to make a serious study
of the literature of botany. He was twent}'-four years of
age ; and if, as we surmise, he were already in the service of

JOHN GOODYER

Sir Thomas Bilson, whose father, the bishop, had recently
been buried in Westminster Abbey, he might well have
gone up to London on his master s business. A paper
that throws much light on this visit to London is one on
which he wrote out a list, dated the 24th and 25th
of March, of the more remarkable plants in the garden of
Mr. Coys of Stubbers, a place a few miles east of London
in Essex. On the same sheet of paper are a list of drugs
and two London addresses, ' de Laune in ye black friers ',
and ' Mr. Cole y* married Mr. Lobel's daughter in Lyne
Street'. This last is a most interesting note, because it
gives the correct spelling of a name which from the time
of Pulteney onwards has generally appeared in literature
as * Coel James Cole was a London merchant, mentioned
by Johnson as exceedingly well experienced in the know-
ledge of simples.

The fact of Goodyer's visiting James Cole at this time
would have a special significance. The eminent botanist
Mathias de L'Obel, Cole's distinguished father-in-law, who
had been living with him, had just died, leaving his
botanical writings to his son-in-law. Lobel, as he wrote
his name in this country, was the youngest of the triumvirate
of great Flemish botanists, Dodoens, Clusius, L'Obel.
He had brought to this country the learning of his master
Rondelet of Montpelier and the botanical illustrations of
that prince of printers, patron of botanists, Christof Plantin
of Antwerp ; he had made a special study of English
plants and during his last years had been engaged on
a new botanical work, the Illustrationes Stirpium. To
Goodyer the name of Lobel, like that of Gerard, was
probably a household word : he was known as the only
botanist in Britain on whose scientific accuracy a student
could rely. There is nothing more probable than that
Goodyer, learning of his death on 3rd March, would lose
no time in visiting Cole, and so get to hear of the
manuscripts, which later, after the death of their editor How,
did eventually come into his charge and were bequeathed

BOTANICAL STUDIES

by him to Magdalen College. In addition to the copy
of the Plantartim Hisioria mentioned above, and purchased
within a week of the death of Lobel, Goodyer owned five
other editions by the same author : one of these, the edition
of 1576, was a presentation copy from Lobel to Dr. Martin
Ramerus or Rhamneirus, a Licentiate of the Royal College
of Physicians. A copy of the hones Stirpium with notes
by William Mount, and with some figures coloured, may
have been among Goodyer's first botany books as a boy.
We know that he could draw and that he painted in
water-colour.

Goodyer's miscellaneous papers show that even while
he was occupied with the business of estate management,
or of the Courts, or in dealings with tithing officers, his
mind would always be turning to the plants which he had
seen in the gardens of his friends or had found on his
excursions.

The earlier notes are scrappy, but of great historical
importance, for they place our knowledge of early English
gardening on a far surer basis than heretofore. The
notes become progressively more methodical until in 162 1
their number and finish show that descriptive botany had
become the principal object of the author's life. Whether
Goodyer ever had any thoughts of publishing these
descriptions under his own name we do not know, but
of many he made both rough and fair copies : some of the
latter he handed over to his friend Dr. Thomas Johnson
for inclusion in the new edition of Gerard's Herbal to be
mentioned in 1633.

His first gardening friends included Parkinson, Coys,
and Franqueville, who have often been mentioned in
histories of early gardening, but now for the first time
have we anything in the nature of lists of the plants
actually growing in their gardens. Last year when editing
the long list of plants grown by Walter Stonehouse in 1640
at Darfield in Yorkshire, it was pointed oul that only three
earlier garden lists were then known, those of the Holborn

JOHN GOODYER

garden of Gerard (1596), of George Gibbes' garden at Bath
(1634), and of the Lambeth garden of the elder Tradescant
(1634). We are now able to add several other lists of
intermediate date which comprised the more novel plants
then being grown by horticulturists.

The earliest of Goodyer's garden notes go back to the
year 1616, when he first gathered seeds of Astragalus
lusitanicus * in the garden of my good friend Mr. John
Parkinson an Apothecarie of London Anno 1616' (f. 107),
and about the same time he noticed in the same garden
in Long Acre, Pisum arvense, which he called ' P. maculatum
Boelii ' and ' Ervilia silvestris Dodonaei ' [Lathyrtts Ochrus).
The two former were no doubt two of the many new
plants introduced into English gardens by Guilhaume Boel
from Portugal and Spain in 1608. Parkinson has put it on
record that Boel ' gathered there about two hundred sorts
of seeds ... of all which seeds I had my part, and by
sowing them saw the faces of a great many excellent plants
but many of them came not to maturitie with me, and most
of the other whereof I gathered ripe seed one yeare, by
unkindly yeares that fell afterwards, have perished likewise ' }

Goodyer grew all three plants from seed in his own
garden at Droxford and described them in 1621.

The next garden of which we have his notes was that
of Wm. Coys ^ at Stubbers, North Okington, in Essex.
It was already old-established, and well known to Gerard
in 1597 for its exotic plants, and was visited by Lobel
during the early years of the seventeenth century. The
latter botanist was moreover greatly impressed by Coys'
methods of brewing beer and ales.

We are glad to think that this garden is not only still
in existence but is in the possession of the family which
succeeded the Coyses at the end of the seventeenth century.
Through the curtesy of the present owner, Mr. Champion
Branfill Russell, I was privileged to make a pilgrimage
*♦

* Parkinson, Theatruvi^ p. 1108.

* See p. 312.

The Lime Avenue

Common Elm ' ]Vitc/L ' Elm

Elms in Spring

I "

Plan

THE GARDEN AT STUBBERS

COYS' GARDEN

to Stubbers this spring, and there on the day of the eclipse
of the sun to celebrate the tercentenary of Goodyer's visit.
The gardens were much altered by Repton at the end of
the eighteenth century, and the house has been practically
rebuilt, but sufficient remains to indicate the general arrange-
ment of the old sites.

The flower garden of William Coys almost certainly
coincided with what is now known as the Mulberry garden
at the south-east corner of the house. The middle line
of an old enclosed garden is indicated by a fine avenue
of small but ancient limes, whose great age is hardly
apparent at first sight. The trees were pollarded early,
and their trunks being bark-bound have ceased to grow
for many years. A very old-fashioned pink rose, a plant
of which has been sent to Shakespeare's garden at
Stratford-on-Avon, may also date from Coys' time. And
to my great joy I found a more certain link with him in
the pretty little Ivy-leaved Toadflax that is still growing
on the older walls around this classic spot, where it was
first grown as a garden plant in England and before it
had become the common wall-weed that it now is. Another
plant that may be directly descended from Coys' garden
is the Yellow Fig-wort {S crop hit I aria ver7ialis L.), which
comes up sporadically in the borders.

But of even greater botanical interest are the elms on
the west side of the garden. At the time of my visit,
one differed in the most conspicuous manner from its
neighbours by being later and quite leafless while they
were almost in full leaf Had Goody er seen the elms
between Romford and Stubbers under the same circum-
stances, he could hardly have failed to remark on the
matter to Coys, who would then have informed him of the
local name ' Witch Elm ', and would have expounded the
special qualities of its wood, which was more ' desired for
naves of carts ' than common elm.

The garden of William Coys has always been famous
in the annals of horticulture because it was there in 1604

JOHN GOODYER

that the Yucca first flowered in England. Now, thanks to
Goodyer, we are able to print a list of 126 names of plants
that were growing at Stubbers in March 16 16-17, ^i^^^
including plants given by Coys to Goodyer in 162 1 or 1622,
and a longer list in which 324 plants are marked with the
letter C ( = Coys).^ This last list was made by Goodyer
between 1618 and 1625.

The earlier of these lists of Coys' garden is the oldest
known MS. list of an English garden, in which the plants
are properly distinguished by their scientific names. I have
no doubt but that the names, which are in Goodyer s hand-
writing, were supplied by Coys, who may have determined
many of them himself. In the history of English horti-
culture it therefore comes between the printed Catalogue
of the Trees, Fruits, and Plants grown by John Gerard in
his garden at Holborn^ and the lists of George Gibbes and
John Tradescant, both of which are printed below. It is
entitled

Mr. Coys his garden 24 and 25 of March 1616, 161 7.

Then follow ten names of plants distinguished with g
(= Gerard), and then twenty-four others which may or
may not have formed part of the same collection. The
latter include the American novelties :

Battata Virginiana.

Prunus Virginianus. Pishimon.

Cerastus Virginianus.

Vitis Virginiana.

Anonymos Sumas Virginianum.

Solanum Virginianum.

In after years Goodyer received many plants and seeds
from Mr. Coys, which he grew in his Hampshire garden at
Droxford, and described in detail when they flowered.

^ See p. 387.

^ Gerard's printed Catalogus arborum, &c., of 1596 is only represented by
a single copy, which has been admirably edited by Dr. B. D. Jackson in 1876.

PHARMACEUTICAL STUDIES 19
1617

It was inevitable at the outset that the medicinal interest
of herbs should be much to the fore. Botanical lore was
practically confined to physicians, apothecaries, and herbalists ;
and perhaps this strong human interest supplied the motive
power for the beginnings of the science of botany. All
English botany books of early days were practically treatises
on Materia Medica, and even Parkinson found a medicinal
use for nearly every plant.

Goodyer's development took the same course. The

notes made during his early period show that a medicinal

interest in herbs was certainly present to his mind, though

it may not have provided the principal incentive to his

studies. In 161 7 he abstracted the names of forty-six

exotic medicinal plants and products from Lobel's writings,

and added the following list of drugs :

Terra sigillata Tartar

Gum Elemni Ladanum

Aurmi vulgar Castor

Virga aurea Paeina ppi

Mirrh Bac mirti

Bolus armenic Acacia

Caious Spodium

Borax Bdellium
Litliarg. auri

And on 28 April 161 7 he added :

2. Corall dissolved & swetned with Juyce of Granates
Syrup of Rheubarbe made of ye extracte
The Extracte of Rhubarbe
Pearle dissolved

Liquor solutionis Scamonii 1610 23 Marcij
Balsamum

Scamonium corrected 1610 23 Marcij

Hirae simpl. oiiij pro quat. viribus

Manna 2 oz.

Santali Citrini incisi oiij

Olibanum

Epithimum 3ij

Oximel simpl.

Dia Codion simp.

Dia moron.

de Laune in y^ black friers.

[MS. f. 24

C 2

JOHN GOODYER

The study of drugs was evidently going strong about
this time, for in this very year, 1617, the Society of
Apothecaries of London, the Societas Pharmaceutica
Londmensis, severed its connexion with the Grocers
Company, and received a new charter from James I,
Goodyer appears to have obtained his Hst of drugs from
one of the early masters of the Society, Mr. de Laune,^
an apothecary in Blackfriars, whose name and address he
noted on the back of the paper, and who is known as
having sent from Burgundy to Gerard plants of Gentiana
maior, the Great Felw^oort or Bald money, now known as
Gentiana httea L.

The two Scammony preparations are dated 16 10, when
he would have been eighteen years of age. And in the
first list the figure 16 before five drugs may show that
he became possessed of them in that year. The five are
Hermodactyli no7i venenati offic. Lo. 146 ; Rha Ponticum
antiquorttm Lo. 289; Aloe Lo. 374; Glans tmguentaria
Lo. o. loi ; Araba lacca.

Towards the close of his life he again revived his
interest in medical matters. He bought medical books, he
wrote out prescriptions, and he copied notes from medical

^ By finding the will of William Delaune (P. C. C. Wood 23) at Somerset
House I have obtained evidence that the de Laune visited by Goodyer is likely
to have been the son, Paul de Laune. Wm. Uelaune, Preacher of the word
of God and Physician, willed that he should be buried near his late wife. To
Gedeon his eldest son he left his lands in Blackfryars near Ludgate which he
had purchased of Sir Wm. More ; to poor of French church in London ;
to poor of Blackfriars and of Church of Norwich and Deepe 20s. ; to kindred
beyond the sea ^6 (to be administered by s. Nathaniel) ; to s.-in-law Mary
Desloges, widow of Cornellis Tance, ^3 ; to s. Paul the newe house, greate Court
& house of office, and the Apothecary stuffe and furniture.

The relations mentioned include sons, Gideon, Peter, Nathaniel, and Paul ;
grandsons Abraham s. of Gideon, and Henry s. and h. to Isaack Delaune dec. ;
das. Sara, Ester, and Elizabeth ; sons-in-law Chambleyn and Nathaniel Mary.
The will is dated 20 November 1610 ; proved 12 March 1610. Both William and
Paul were on the Roll of the College of Physicians. Gideon de Laune made
money as Apothecary to Mary, the Queen Mother, and died worth ;^8o,ooo.
Shakespeare's friend, Sir W. Davenant, was his great acquaintance (Aubrey,
Lives). Paul is believed to have died in Jamaica, c, 1654 : he was a relative of
Dr. John Argent see p. 250.

MILL-MOUNTAIN

authors into the margins of his herbals ; all of which
goes to show that he was turning his knowledge to
practical use by attending to the medicinal needs of his
neighbours.

But John Goodyer, though mindful of the medicinal and
economic value of plants, clearly saw that the science of
botany could not be advanced without detailed morpho-
logical descriptions from living plants. His ideals were
those of his great predecessors Fuchs and Brunfels : but
whereas they put their observations into their drawings,
Goodyer put his into descriptions.

One of his local discoveries of 1617 was the Woolly
Thistle, 'Corona fratrum quorundam' {Car dims eriophortcs
L.), which he found ' wilde neare London highwaie on the
East part of Haliborne in Hampshire'.

Another was the Purging or Cathartic Flax, or Mill-
mountaine, a plant of known medicinal virtue which used
to grow plentifully in localities where ' Carduus acaulis
septentrionalium L'obelii ' was also found, namely, ' in the
unmanured inclosures of Hampshire on chalky downes and
on Purfleet hils in Essex, and in many other places'. He
owed his information concerning the properties of this plant
to one of his apothecary acquaintances.

* I came to know this herbe by the name of Mil-mountaine, and
his vertue by this meanes. On the second of October 161 7 going
by M^ Colsons shop an Apothecary of Winchester in Hampshire,
I saw this herbe lying on his stall, which I had scene growing long
before : I desired of him to know the name of it, he told me that
it was called Mill-mountain, and he also told me that beeing at
Doctour Lake his house at Saint Crosse a mile from Winchester,
seeing a man of his have this hearbe in his hand, he desired the
name ; hee told him as before, and also the use of it, which is
this.

Take a handful! of Mill-mountaine, the whole plant, leaves, seedes,
flowers and all, bruise it and put it in a small tunne or pipkin of
a pinte filled with white Wine, and set in on the embers to infuse
all night, and drinke that wine in the morning fasting, and hee
said it would give eight or tenne stooles. This Doctour Lake

JOHN GOODYER

was afterward made Bishop of Bath and Wells, who alwaies used
this hearbe for his purge, after the said manner, as his man
affirmed.' ^

But the outstanding event of this year was the intro-
duction of the Jerusalem Artichoke to English gardens

Mill-Mountain.

and cookery, undoubtedly the result of a visit to the
London garden of John Franqueville. Of this garden we
are also able to give a list, but as Goodyer was there at

^ Ger. emac. 560. For Goodyer's description of the plant, see p. 112. The
use of Honewort, as Corn Parsley was locally called in Hampshire, steeped
in beer to cure swellings of the cheek, was also duly recorded by him, and will
be again referred to under 1625.

We here quote his description of the circumstances of
his success with the new ' wonderfull increasinge ' vegetable,
leaving the account of the plant for a later chapter.

JOHN GOODYER

* Where this plant groweth naturalh'e I knowe not. In Anno 1617
I receaved two small rootes thereof from Master Franquevill of
London, no bigger then hens eggs, the one I planted, the other
I gave to a frend, mine brought me a peck of rootes, wherewith
I stored Hampsheire.' — MS. it, f. 117 ; Ger, emac. 754.

The friend is almost certainly William Coys, for whom
he afterwards wrote out a very long list of plants
(17 pages), with notes and references to the works of
Lobel and Gerard, and to their occurrence in the gardens
of Coys, Parkinson, and Franqueville. In this list after
the entry relating to the Artichoke ' Heliotropium indicum
vel virginianum ', he added the note, ' you had lately
planted it when I was at your house 25 Martii 16 17'.

Goodyer's quaint description of The Vertues of the
Artichoke have often been quoted : but it is a story that
does not lose in the repetition.

' Theis rootes are dressed divers waies ; some boile them in
water, and after stewe them with sack and butter, addinge a little
Ginger : others bake them in pies, puttinge Marrow, Dates, Ginger,
Reasons of the Sunne, Sack, &c. Others some other way, as they
are led by their skill in Cookerie. But in my iudgement, which
way soever the}^ be drest and eaten they stirre and cause a filthie
loathsome stinking winde within the bodie, thereby causing the
belly to bee pained and tormented, and are a meat more fit for
swine, than men : yet some say they have usually eaten them, and
have found no such windie qualitie in them.' — MS. 11, f. 117 ; Ger,
emac. 754.

But before making any attempt to account for the tastes
of past generations, it is necessary to know precisely both
how they prepared their food and how they arranged their
dietary. The transition from the age of beer to that of tea
and coffee must have profoundly modified the national
palate. And this is well illustrated by a very striking
instance of an acquired taste, quoted by Goodyer's con-
temporary Parkinson. Chocolate, he described as a drink
* well pleasing and accepted with the greatest among the
Indians, who account nothing of more esteeme ; but to the
Christians it seemeth a wash fitter for hogs, yet by use even
accepted by them also in the want of better

GARDEN AT DROXFORD

The cultivation of the other, the Globe Artichoke,
appears to have spread through the southern counties of
England some half a century earlier, and the vegetable that
figured in legal documents in Goodyer's lifetime is more
likely to have been the Globe than the Jerusalem Artichoke.
For in one of the Bodleian charters relating to Kent there
is a stipulation that the tenant of a garden in Wateringbury
is not to have * the benefit of the Sparrow Grass beds and
Hartichoaks in the Garden'. An Hartichoke Garden,
44 perches in extent, was one of the features of Henrietta
Maria's garden at Wimbledon, and at the time of the
survey of 1649 contained plants and roots to the value of
los} Her gardener probably grew both sorts.

Every one who has hitherto written about Goodyer
appears to have tacitly assumed that he spent his early
manhood at Mapledurham, and that there his first experi-
ments in horticulture were made. This, however, was not
the case, for although he was no doubt often at Maple-
durham, his home and, what interests us more particularly
at present, his garden were at Droxford. It was Droxford,
therefore, that must have the honour of having been the
first village in England to produce the new Artichokes
in quantity. How completely all recollection of this important
horticultural event has disappeared, is proved by the fact
that even the modern ' discoverer' of John Goodyer, Canon
Vaughan, did not know that his botanical predecessor had
ever dwelt in Droxford. Yet Canon Vaughan, while Rector
of that parish, when engaged in researches into the forgotten
details of Izaak Walton's life there, passed the history of
Droxford through a hair sieve. But then Hampshire
is a forgetful county. Do not the lives of Walton, of
Goodyer, of Gibbon, and above all, of Jane Austen
show it?

The papers that have been reposing for the last two and
a half centuries in the manuscript room of Magdalen are
evidence that Goodyer lived and gardened at Droxford,

^ Archaeologia^ vol. x.

JOHN GOODYER

but unfortunately their information goes no further. There
is no hint as to where his house may have stood, or where
the first Artichokes increased so amazingly. The village,
writes Canon Vaughan, is but little changed since the time
when Izaak Walton spent the last days of his life resting
in * the cool shade of the honeysuckle hedge ' and watching
the moorhens ' on the gliding stream The old mill is still
standing, on the bridge of which 'the aged angler must
often have lingered, as he watched the rush of water
making pleasant music beneath his feet ' and thought of his
fishings in swift streams ' full of great stores of trout
Nor would it have been very different in Goodyer's early
manhood. Then, as now, the church was flanked on either
side by the Manor House and the Rectory, with their
gardens, orchards, and pastures sloping down to the clear
running Meon. The underground tunnel from the Manor
House below the Rectory garden to the house beyond, may
or may not have existed: at present it is only a reality
in local tradition. Of greater permanence are those details
of uncultured nature, of the birds and flowers, which the
Canon has described so well : his sketch of the wild life
of ' Longmead ' bordering the Meon is for all time : that is
Droxford as Goodyer knew it. He would have recognized
the spot where the green Alkanet (Anchtcsa sempervirens)
puts forth its rich blue flowers and he would have revelled
in the rare beauty of the Yellow Meadow Rue in its season,
but it is doubtful whether Coral Root would have escaped
him, had it been growing near Church Mead, where Canon
Vaughan tells us it grew within recent years. Certainly
there is no evidence that Goodyer knew it in Droxford
before he found it at Mayfield. Botanists tell us that
Coral Root is only found in this one locality in the whole
of Hampshire, and we may not unreasonably deduce that
Goodyer will have followed his usual practice of lifting
roots found away from home and planting them in his
garden. The Hampshire colony may be descended from
a garden-escape. Is it a clue to the site of his garden ?

VISIT TO LONDON

In after years Goodyer cultivated many other new fruits
and vegetables, including the Virginian water-melon or
Pompion, * no bigger nor larger than a great apple', but
none are now so well known as the Artichoke, his first
horticultural triumph, and one with which his name will
always be connected. Indeed, it may be that this early
success inspired those assiduous searchings for new and
rare plants that characterized the whole of his active
career.

1618

Several papers dated 1618 show Goodyer s connexion
with the Bilson household, probably, as we have said, in
the capacity of steward or agent. In the corner of a
roughly scribbled letter, printed on page 9, is a fragment
of a diary, with a reference to the fact that his ' hartichokes '
required protection in cold weather.

At the same time his interest in field botany was steadily
increasing. He made several journeys on horseback in his
own and neighbouring counties and up to London, perhaps
on his master's business, but certainly to his own profit and
advancement as a botanist.

On one of these visits he would almost certainly have
again visited the well-known garden in Long Acre belonging
to John Parkinson who, like Coys, had received many rare
plants collected by William Boel in Spain in 1607, an
acquisition all the more desirable since many of his own
fine plants had perished during the * most violent frosty
winter' that preceded. In 161 8 Parkinson was gloating
over his various horticultural triumphs, including the
Great Double Yellow Spanish Daffodil which he claimed
to have been the first to grow.^

On the 9th of April Goodyer noted 'Cowslipps 2-in-a-hose'
and ' Primrose 2-in-a-hose ' at Sheet, probably in the garden
of William Yalden, who almost certainly lived in a new
house by the mill on the upper waters of the Rother. The

^ Parkinson, Paradise^ p. 103.

JOHN GOODYER

house is still standing, and even though more than three
hundred years old, is a comfortable home. A stone in the
wall records the year 1606, when it was built, and the year
1867, when it was repaired. The timber-framed walls
of the upper story are partly filled in with wattle and dab,
and partly with a warm red brick. The old kitchen chimney
is so wide that it can only be swept by climbing inside ;
and there is, it is said, but one man now living who is
willing to strip to his trousers and bring down the soot.
This was the home of Rose Yalden, Goodyer's sister :
plants in the garden at Sheet are oft-times mentioned in
his papers, the last being some Sweet Potatoes in 1637.

To plants found near his own home at Droxford, he
frequently refers. In a wood by Strugnells in the Thetcher,
near Droxford, he found L^tnaria minor on 21st May, and
again on i June. These are the first notices of Moonwort
in Hampshire. He records plants collected (and incidentally
his own movements) at Chawton^ (10 June), Sheet ^
(7 July), Chawlton^ (18 July), Tichfield^ (20 July), Houns-
low Heath ^ ( 30 July). In August he w^as travelling in
Wiltshire, visiting Warminster^ (21 August), and Venny
Sutton,"^ now Sutton-Veny (27 August). And nearer home
he visited Winchester, Southampton, and Emsworth.

At Winchester he noted that * Willowe ' was the popular
name for ' Chamaenerion Gesneri which is therefore the
first evidence of the Willow herb {Epilobutm angitstifolimn
L.) in Hampshire. It is a plant which has since been

^ ' Herba Paris, some with five and six leaves.' The first notice for Hants of
Paris qiiadrifolia : Gilbert White noted it again in 1778.

^ ' Scabiosa minima hirsuta.' Probably the first record of Jasione moittana L.

^ *Jacea flora albo.' Perhaps a white variety of the Greater Knapweed
{Centmirea Scabiosa L.).

* ' Eryngium marinum.' First evidence of the Sea Holly {Eryngium mari-
timtun L) in Hants. Eryngo roots candied were a favourite delicacy in the
days of James I, but they were then obtained from the East coast. Sir John
Salusbury, c. 1580, knew their medicinal value.

^ * Plantago aquatica stellata.' First record of Damasonium Alis7na Mill.,
the rarest of our Water Plantains.

^ ' Colchicum flo. albo et purpureo.'

' ' Ebulus ', ' called Scots Blood'. Sambucus Ebulus L. or Banewort.

WILTSHIRE

reported as abundant in the valley from Beech Farm,
where he lived as a boy, to Meadstead. He may, there-
fore, have known the plant near home, but may not have
been familiar with its Winchester name. The Willow
herb remained unrecorded in Hampshire until Gilbert
White mentioned it again in his Garden Kalendar for
September 1765.

A more striking discovery was that of ' Lactuca sylvestris
vera ingrato odore '. ' This wilde stinkinge lettice I found
wild on the walls and dry bancks of earth at Southampton.
Anno 16 1 8.' This is the first county record of Lactuca
virosa L. He sent seeds to Parkinson, in whose garden
Johnson saw it growing about 1630. A detailed descrip-
tion was written on 13 September 162 1.

By a mill at Emsworth he found ' Anagallis aquatica
tercia', the Brook weed or Water Pimpernel [Samolus
Valerandi L.), thus making his first contribution to the
paludal flora of his county. It was not recorded in
Hampshire again for more than two hundred years.

During the last two weeks in August he was travelling
in south Wiltshire and passed through Salisbury. The
finds on this trip are mentioned in a draft letter dated
7 November and written in London. The name of the
person to whom it was written does not appear, but from
the fact that the names of the plants mentioned are in-
cluded in a long list which Goodyer sent to his friend Coys,
I strongly suspect that it was addressed to him.

S'" after my service remembered ... I wrote unto you a letter
from Droxford y^ 8 of Sept. last, and therein enclosed certaine
stalks & seeds of an herbe which I found in Wiltshere somethinge
like to Lysimachia^ [I found it in Wiltshere {erased)\ also I sent
you some of the leaves & stalks of Plantago aquatica stellata
which I found in Hounslowe Heath. I therein wrote unto you
that I found Colchictim fl. albo & purpureo in Wiltshere, in flower
in August last, I have of this roots of them at Droxford, if you
want I can furnish you with some of them. I doubt you re-
ceaved not that letter, for that our foot-post died by the waie going
towards London, since whose death we wanted a foot-post for

JOHN GOODYER

a year, but now we have another who did lye at y^ King's armes
in Shoe Lane, the place where the old foot-post lay, but nowe he
is removed to another place which yet I doe not know. I have
left at M*"^^ Capells (for Mr. Capell ^ they tell me is dedd since my
last being with you) a small plant of our Wich Hasell which
I take to be Vhmcs latifolia lobelii: it came from seed this last
year. I have seen y^ leaves of them this somer twise as brode as
I saw any of y® leaves of our Common Elm. This desiring that
God do bless you with health and happiness to your great Comfort,
I comitt you to Gods protection and rest

to you my bounden
[Unsigned]

From my Lodging at the Red Lyon

in Fleet Street, London, the 7 of November 1618.

Yf at any tyme you wright to me you may direct your letters to
be left at Mr. Tho. Johnsons [a Tayler (ei^ased)\ at the signe of the
Raynedeare without Temple Barre neare St. Clements Church,
where our foot-post shall endever to have them. [MS. f. 2

This letter is of great interest because it is the earliest
evidence for the Willow herb, ' something like to Lysi-
machia' (he found it on 27 August), and for the Autumn
Crocus in Wiltshire. It settles the question of the priority
of the discovery of the Water Plantain, Damasonitcm
Alisma, as a British plant, in favour of our author rather
than of Johnson. It also dates his first recognition of the
Wych Elm [Ulmits montana Stokes) as a distinct species
of English timber tree. Apparently it was growing at
Droxford and was known to Goody er by its south-country
name of Witch Hazel. Now this name has been generally
superseded by the northern name of Wych Elm. I have
no doubt that by this observation at an early period of his
career, his eye became trained and apt to distinguish the
two other elms which he was the first to describe. His

^ At a later period Capel was quite one of the best-known names in connexion
with English gardens. Sir Henry Capel began horticulture at Kew, his brother
Lord Capel made one of the most beautiful gardens of the seventeenth century
at Cassiobury, and Mary Somerset {jiee Capel) had a botanic garden at
Badmington, but there is of course no evidence that Goodyer's friend was ' born
in the Purple '.

WYCH ELM

descriptions of the four species are reprinted on page 38,
but the first draft of his description of the Broad-leaved
Elm may appropriately appear here. It is written on the
back of a document dated 16 14.

The broad-leaved Elme or Witch Hasell groweth to be a very
greate tree, and very high, especially when he groweth in woods
amongst other trees, the tymber in y^ yonge trees is very white,
his branches or boughes are grosse & bigge and doe spread them-
selves broader [and hang more downewards than those of the first].
The leaves are rougher and much broader and longer than those of
y^ Comon Elme, stript or cutt about y^ edges, of a dark greene
colour, nearer resemblinge y^ leaves of y^ Hasell, which is y^ cause
of y^ name.

The one side of y^ leaves are allwaies longer and doe come
nearer to y^ boughes whereon they were then the other, like unto
y*" leaves of all y^ rest of y^ kind of elmes, as Lobell's figure of the
Common Elm well expresseth ; the leaves of the older trees are
very much narrower than those of y® younge ones, also on y^ leaves
of this Elme doe growe blisters or bladders in which at y^ springe
are little creatures about y^ bignes of Bed-fleas, which in y^ somer
(as I take it) turn into flies growinge wings like those of the
Comon Elme. The barke on y^ out side is blacker than that of
y^ Comon Elme & is very tough. So that when y^ sappe is uppe,
it will strippe & peele from the lower end of y^ boughes to y^
toppe, without breakinge, whereof are made cords & ropes.

The roots spread far abroad in y^ earth & are very tough, which
makes the tree with much difficultie to be grubbed uppe.

Whereon doe growe y^ flowers nearly compacted together & like
unto y^ pointells or chives growinge in midle of flowers, which
afterwards turn into flatt seed, more long than broade, not much
unlike to Arach seed ; and doe for the most parte fall away before
or shortly after, the leaves springe forth, and some hang on
a greate parte of the somer. They flower at the latter end of
ffebr or beg of March.

[MS. f. 4; Ger. emac, p. 1481 (much altered)

The following lines are written on the cover of a letter
addressed to ' Nicholas Everender at his brother's house in
Sedlescombe in Sussex. This to M^* Samuell Shute at
Mr. Thomas Caltherste at ye albus Lion in Dea(?)side '.
On the other side is written the draft of the letter already

JOHN GOODYER

quoted, dated by Goodyer from his lodging at the Red
Lyon in Fleet Street, on the 7 of November 1618.
* Even such is tyme, that takes in trust

Our youth, our ioyes and all we have

And paies us but with age and dust

Who in the darke and silent grave

When we have wanderd all our waies

Shutts uppe the storie of our dales

And from which earth and grave and dust

The Lord shall raise me uppe I trust.' [MS. f. 2
Being, regrettably, unfamiliar with the poem I consulted
my friend Sir Walter Raleigh, our Professor of English
Literature, in the confident expectation that he would
identify it for me. The strange coincidence could hardly
have been anticipated that the lines should be known as
the * Last Poem of Sir Walter Raleigh ' of Elizabethan
fame. There is a tradition that they were written in the
Tower, shortly before the execution, but whether this be
so or not, it is surely remarkable that Goodyer should have
had a copy on the back of a letter written within a few
days of the execution on 28 October 161 8.

As a twelve-year old boy Goodyer must have heard of
the infamous trial at Winchester, when the people first
pelted Raleigh with tobacco pipes and later were won over
by the eloquence of his defence and the dauntlessness of
his bearing. He would assuredly have taken a sympathetic
interest in his great contemporary not only for his heroic
career, but as a pioneer familiar with the splendours of the
tropical vegetation of the New World. Goodyers Arti-
choke culture was perhaps modelled on that of the Potato.
Whether he was a smoker, we do not know, but about
1 618 he paid 4^. for 'tabaco', apparently at Alresford.
It was only a few years before, that James I had stigmatized
smoking as ' a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the
nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in
the black stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the
horrible Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless

NEW PLANTS

In 1 619 Goodyer took to growing two kinds of tobacco
at Droxford.

There are several lists of garden plants among the
Goodyer papers, but unfortunately they have no localities
or dates attached to them, with the exception of a short
list of plants, without date, and not in Goodyer's hand (see
p. 347). It is headed To have from Mr, Gibbes. Of the
plants enumerated only six are noted by Johnson as occurring
in the garden of Mr. George Gibbes of Bath in 1634.

Another list in his own autograph may refer to plants
growing at Droxford (p. 327).

1619

Of the year 16 19 there is but little to record except the
discovery and description of two plants, one of which was
new to the British flora. He also wrote the description of the
Linum catharticitm, part of which has already been quoted.

On the 3rd of August he found the Small Woodruff or
Squinancy-wort (Aspertcla Cynanchica L.), and thus he inde-
pendently discovered one of the denizens of the chalk hills
which had been previously, though probably unknown to
him, noticed by Lobel in the Isle of Wight: ' cretaceis
gaudet montosis prope Drayton e regione Vectis Insulae '.
Goodyer's observation of 1619 was printed by his friend
Johnson in 1633, and LobeFs earlier note was printed by
his admirer, Dr. How, in 1655. The Procumbent Marsh-
wort (Apiiim nodijloricm) is recorded on the authority of
Goodyer^ by How: we are now able to print the original
description (p. 1 14).

A further success was the addition of a new Hedge-
Parsley to our flora (Caitcalis nodosa Scop. 2). Later on
Goodyer discovered the Field Hedge- Parsley 'amongst
wheat plentifully near Petersfield '.^

His well-known description of the Dewberry [Rtcbus
caeshcs L.), distinguishing it from other Brambles under

^ How, Phytologia. ^ Druce, Goodyer^ p. I. ' Merret, Pinax, 24.

JOHN GOODYER

the name of ' Rubus repens fructu caesio \ was written in
September of this year, but the original MS., from which
Johnson's account was printed, is not now extant. It was
almost certainly taken from a Hampshire plant, but since
Goodyer omitted to mention the locality, he is not quoted as
a first recorder in Townsend's local Flora, in which seventy
species of brambles are now distinguished : truly a thorny
subject ! Hampshire, perhaps with one exception, is stated
to be richest in brambles of all the counties in England.

In his garden he raised some specimens of the forbidden
plant, tobacco. ' In anno 1619 I receaved the seedes hereof
from Mr. Anthony Uvedale ^ who that yere intended to
plante greate store thereof, and was hindered of his purpose
by a proclamation sett forth by Authoritie.'

1620

The next two years were perhaps the most eventful in
his career as a botanist. His excursions were rewarded
by the discovery of several other plants new to the British
flora, and many new plants imported from the south of
Europe throve so well at Droxford, that he was able to
give the first English description of them.

On the 28th of April we find him making observations
on the Oak, Walnut, and Chestnut, being especially in-

^ Anthony Uvedale, the Governor of Winchester Gaol, has already been
mentioned. The Uvedales were a Hampshire family who lived at Wickham,
and intermarried with the May family, living at Mayfield in Sussex.

The name of Uvedale is well known in the annals of early horticulture.
Robert Uvedale (1642-1722) became master of the grammar school at Enfield,
Middlesex, about the year of Goodyer's death. He was ' a great lover of plants,
and, having an extraordinary art in managing them, is become master of the
greatest and choicest collection of exotic greens that is perhaps anywhere in this
land. His greens take up six or seven houses or roomsteads. His orange trees
and largest myrtles fill up his biggest house, and . . . those more nice and
curious plants that need closer keeping are in warmer rooms, and some of them
stoved when he thinks fit' {G'lhson, A ccoimt of several Gardens near Lotidon,
1691, Archaeologia^ ^794, xii. i88). He was thus one of the earliest possessors
of hothouses in England. One of his former pupils is said to have brought him
from Mount Lebanon a cedar which was recently flourishing at Enfield.

The copy of Turner's Herball, 1568, in the Oxford Physic Garden, which
belonged to W. Clowes in 157 1, bears the signature of ^ Rob. Udall.^

NEW PLANTS 35

terested in their flowers, buds, and galls. He added to these
notes and wrote them out afresh on 9 May 1622 : they are
printed under that date in Johnson's Gerard.

Business at this time brought him into touch with the lands
and villagers of Soberton, a hamlet about a mile and a half
south of Droxford. It was there that he gathered the
'Oenanthe Angustifolia'. This has been identified by Druce
as the first record of the Marsh Parsley Oenanthe in Britain,
but Townsend (Fiord) considers that it was the Sulphur-wort
Dropwort (Oenanthe silaifolia Bieb.) that was found.

'This 19 of May 1620 I found this wild in East Hoo in ye
parish of Subberton about 7 miles from Petersfield in Hampshire
in a hedgerowe about a flightshott from ye then dwelling-house
of Mr. William Browne on ye south part of ye said house and ye
18 of June 1620 I saw it there in flower.'^

Merrett^ gives the locality as East How. William Browne
of Hoe had purchased the manor of Soberton in 1619.^

A few days later an excursion to the New Forest yielded
another new plant, the Narrow-leaved Lungwort (Pul-
monaria angustifolia), whose fine blue flowers attracted
his attention on 25 May 'in a Wood by Holbury House'.
It is a rarity in Britain ; Hampshire and the Isle of Wight
being the only stations where it grows wild. The Forest
children call it 'Joseph and Mary'.^

In the summer he described the following plants :

20 June

Antirrhinum minus.

Linaria minor Desf.

2 July

Pastinaca aquatica minor.

Slum erectum Huds.

Rapunculum silvestre Tragi.

Phyieuma orbiculare L.

5 )5

Eufrasia altera Dod.

Bartsia Odo7ttites L.

5 3>

Anthyllis montana.

Thesium humifusum DC.

8 „

Carduus acaulis septentrionalium L'Ob.

Carduus acaulis L.

22 „

Melampium luteum.

Melampyrum sylvaticum L.

26 „

Herba Doria altera.

Senecio sarracenicus L.

10 Aug. Panicum.

Echinochloa Crus-galli L.

12 „

Acinos.

Ocimuni Basilicum L.

18 „

(Aster conyzoides).

Jasonia tuber osa DC.

Sium siifoliis.

Carum segetum, Benth.

^ Goodyer quoted by How. MS. note to Phytologia, p. 81.
^ Pinax^ p. 84. ' Vict, Coimty Hist. Hants, iii. 263. ■* J. Vaughan.

D 2

JOHN GOODYER

He found both the Water. Parsnip {Siiim erectitm Huds.)
and the Bastard Toadflax (Tliesium hcndfiLSum DC), near
Droxford, the former growing in the River Meon, the
latter ' wild on the side of a chalkie hill in an inclosure
on the right hand by the way, as you goe from Droxford
to Poppie Hiir. Both these references are the earliest
we have to these plants in Britain, as also is his excellent
description of the Hone wort or Corn Parsley (Carum
segetuvi)^ which he again wrote out for the new Herbal in
1632.

Further detailed descriptions were written of plants as
they flowered in his own garden or in those of his friends,
for instance Acinos odoratissimum : ' I first found growing
in the garden of Mr. William Yalden in Sheete near
Petersfield in Hampshire, Anno 1620, amongst sweet
Marjerom, and which by chance they bought with the
seedes thereof. It is to be considered whether the seedes
of sweete Marjerom degenerate and send forth this herbe
or not, nth October 1621, John Goodyer ' {Ger, emac. 677).

But the outstanding event of the year v/as a visit to the
garden of his 'worthy friend and excellent Herbarist of
happy memorie Mr. William Coys of Stubbers in the
parish of North Okington in Essex Goodyer came away
with the seeds of many rare and little known plants, in-
cluding several that had been collected by Boelius in Spain
and had been brought over by him to England. Among
other novelties which were thus introduced into the
Droxford garden in 1620 were :

Acarna flore rubro. Carlina lanata L.

Aracus maior Baeticus Boelii. Vicia sativa h linearis Lange. ?

Cattaria tuberosa radice Baetica Nepeta tuherosa L.

Boelii.

Ervilia silvestris Dodonaei.
Faba veterum serratis foliis Boelii.
Geranium Baeticum Boelii.
Gramen cristatum Baeticum Boelii.
Gramen tremulum maximum.
Herba Doria altera 26 July 1620.
Hieracium stellatum Boelii.

Lathy rus Ochrus L.
Vicia Faba L. var.
Erodium griiiniivi Willd. ?
Cynosw'us echinatus L.
Briza maxima L.
Senecio sarracenicus L.
Rhagadiolus edulis Gaertn.
Tolpis harhata Gaertn.

medio nigrum fl. maior B.

COYS' PLANTS 37

Hieracium medio nigrum fl. minore B. Tolpis umbellata /3 minor Lange.

„ lanosum. Hieracium andryatoides Vill.

Horminum silvestre tertium Cliisii. Salvia verticillata L.
Jacea capitulis hiisutis Boelii. ?

Lagopus trifolius maior Baeticus. Trifolium ligusticum Balb. ?

Legumen pallidum Vlissiponense. Vicia luiea ^ laevigata Boiss.

IMalva flore amplo Baetica aestiva. Malva moschata L.

Petum indicam folio pene obtuse. Nicotiana Tabacum v. brasiliensis.

Scabiosa flore rubro. Scabiosa sexta Scabwsa airopiirpurea L.
Indica Clusii.

Silibum minus fl. nutante Boelii. Notobasis syriaca Cass.

Valeriana mexicana. Valeriana cornucopiae L.

Most of the plants raised from Coys' seed did so well
with him that he was able to describe them as they flowered
in the following summer.

It has been suggested^ that on his way home Goodyer
passed Rickmansworth, and there * in the ponds about
Moore Park ' found ' Sium alterum Olusatii facie There
is, however, no ground for this supposition ; Goodyer himself
wrote that he visited Moore Park in 1625.

We owe our first description of a new kind of English
Elm to this same journey into Essex.

When we consider that many of our contemporaries are
so deficient in powers of observation as to be unable to
tell one tree from another, it is remarkable that Goodyer
should have been so quick in distinguishing the various
species of Elm. Two of these had already been recog-
nized by Gerard in 1597, and were redescribed by Goodyer
for the second edition in 1633 : to these he now added
a third, on his way to visit Mr. Coys :

' I observed it growing very plentifully as I rode betweene
Rumford and . . . Stubbers in the year 1620, intermixed with the
first kinde (the Common Elm), but easily to be discerned apart, and
is in those parts usually called Witch Elme.'

The name of this Elm has caused considerable confusion
in the minds of those who have not attentively read the
words ' in those parts ' . The Elm is certainly not the
Wych Elm ordinarily so called, which Goodyer knew
as the Witch Hasell or Broadest-leaved Elm ; but, as

^ Druce, Goodyer , p. 2.

JOHN GOODYER

Mr. Russell told me on my recent visit to Stubbers, it is
the tree which is still locally known in that part of Essex
as the ' Witch Elm a name which is thus proved to have
survived locally since Elizabethan times. Goodyer named
it ' Vlmus folio glabro ' or Smooth-leaved Elm, a name that
has been adopted by Miller in the form of Ulmus glabra,
the name by which it is still widely known, although Elwes
prefers the name U. nitens Moench. for it.

Systematists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
have brought the species of Elms into such a state of
confusion that it is a relief once more to get back to the
simpler system of Goodyer, whose accounts of the four
species of Elms were doubtless redrafted in 1632, but the
original observations were much earlier. Johnson prefaces
the descriptions with a short introduction :

* Our Author [Gerard] only described two Elms, and those not so
accurately but that I thinke I shall give the Reader content, in
exchanging them for better received from M'". Goodyer ; which are
these.' — T. Johnson.

Ulmus campestris Sm.
Vlmus vulgatissima folio lato scabro. The common Elme.

This Elme is a very great high tree, the barke of the young
trees, and boughes of the Elder, which are usually lopped or shred,
is smooth and very tough, and wil strip or pil from the wood
a great length without breaking : the bark of the body of the old
trees as the trees grow in bignesse, teares or rents, w^hich makes it
very rough. The innermost wood of the tree is of reddish yellow
or brownish colour, and curled, and after it is drie, very tough, hard
to cleave or rent, whereof naves of Carts are most commonly made :
the wood next the barke, which is called the sap, is white. Before
the leaves come forth the flowers appeare, about the end of March,
which grow on the twigs or branches, closely compacted or thrust
together, and are like to the chives growing in the middle of most
flowers, of a reddish colour : after which come flat seed, more long
than broad, not much unlike the garden Arach seed in forme and
bignesse, and doc for the most part fall away before or shortly
after the leaves spring forth, and some hang on a great part of the
Sommer : the leaves grow on the twigges, of a darke greene colour ;
the middle size whereof are two inches broad, and three inches

ELMS

long, some are longer and broader, some narrower and shorter,
rough or harsh in handling on both sides, nickt or indented about
the edges, and many times crumpled, having a nerve in the middle,
and many smaller nerves growing from him : the leafe on one side
of the nerve is alvvaies longer than on the other. On these leaves
oftentimes grow blisters or small bladders, in which at the spring

The Common Elm.^

are little wormes, about the bignesse of Bed-fleas. This Elme is
common in all parts of England, where I have travelled.

Ulmus minor Miller.
Vlmus minor folio angusto scabro. The Narrow leaved Elme.

This tree is like the other, but much lesser and lower, the leaves
are usually about two inches and a halfe long, and an inch or an

^ This figure originally appeared in Mathiolus, 144; was copied in Lobel^
Obs. 607. I ; reproduced in Ger. emac. 1480. I, and reappeared in Parkinson,
1404. I. 6. It shows blisters on the leaves.

JOHN GOODYER

inch and a quarter broad, nickt or indented about the edges, and
hath one side longer than the other, as the first hath, and are also
harsh or rough on both sides, the barke or rinde will also strip as
the first doth : hitherto I have not observed either the flowers or
seed, or blisters on the leaves, nor have I had any sight of the
timber, or heard of any use thereof. This kinde I have seene
growing but once, and that in the hedges by the high way as I rode,

The Narrow-leaved Elm.^

betweene Christ Church and Limmington in the New Forrest in
Hampshire, about the middle of September 1624, from whence
I brought some small plants of it, not a foot in length, which now,
1633, are risen up ten or twelve foot high, and grow with me by
the first kinde, but are easily to be discerned apart, by any that
will looke on both.

^ Dodoens, 837 ; reproduced in Ger. emac. 1480. 2 ; copied in Parkinson^
1404. 4. The leaves have been attacked by insects.

ELMS

Wych Elm. Ulinus montana Stokes.
Vlmus folio latissimo scabro. Witch Hasell, or the broadest
leaved Elme.

This grovveth to be a very great tree, and also very high,
especially when he groweth in woods amongst other trees : the
barke on the outside is blacker than that of the first, and is also
very rough, so that when there is plenty of sap it will strip or

The Wych Elm.^

peele from the v/ood of the boughes from the one end to the
other, a dozen foot in length or more, without breaking, whereof
are often made cords or ropes : the timber hereof is in colour
neere like the first ; it is nothing so firme or strong for naves of
Carts as the first is, but will more easily cleave ; this timber is also
covered with a white sappe next the barke : the branches or young .

^ Ger. emac, 1481. 3 ; copied in Parkinson, 1404.2. (Stokes' edit, of Wither^
ing, 1787.)

JOHN GOODYER

boughes are grosser and bigger, and do spread themselves broader
and hang more downewards than those of the first ; the flowers are
nothing but chives, very like those of the first kind: the seed is
also like, but something bigger : the leaves are much broader and
longer than any of the kindes of Elme, usually three or foure
inches broad, and five or six inches long, also rough or harsh in
handling on both sides, snipt or indented about the edges, neere

The Smooth-leaved Elm.^

resembling the leaves of the Hasell : the one side of the leaves are
also most commonly longer than the other, also on the leaves of
this Elme are sometimes blisters or bladders like those on the first
kinde. This prospereth and naturally groweth in any soile moist
or dry, on high hills, and in low vallies in good plenty in most
places in Hampshire, wher it is commonly called Witch Hasell.

^ Gerard, 1297. 2 ; copied in Ger. euiac. 148 1. 4 ; recopied in Parkinson,
1403- 3* Stokes considered this figure as ' rather a variety of U. campestris '.

ELMS

Old men affirme, that when long boughes were in great use, there
were very many made of the wood of this tree, for which purpose
it is mentioned in the statutes of England by the name of Witch
Hasell, as 8. EL lo. This hath little affinitie with Carpinus^ which
in Essex is called Witch Hasell.

Smooth Leaved Elm. Ulmtis glabi a Miller.
Vlmus folio glabro. Witch Elme, or smooth leaven Elme.

This kinde is in bignesse and height like the first, the boughes
grow as those of the Witch Hasell doe, that is hanged more downe-
wards than those of the common Elme, the barke is blacker than
that of the first kinde, it will also peele from the boughes : the
flowers are like the first, and so are the seeds : the leaves in forme
are like those of the first kinde, but are smooth in handling on
both sides. My worthy friend and excellent Herbarist of happy
memorie M^ William Coys of Stubbers in the parish of North-
okington in Essex told me, that the wood of this kinde was more
desired for naves of Carts than the wood of the first. I observed
it growing very plentifully as I rode between Rumford and the said
Stubbers, in the yeere 1620 intermixed with the first kinde, but
easily to be discerned apart, and is in those parts usually called
Witch Elme. — Ger. emac. 1479-82.

A copy of a Memorandum, dated 15 November, in
Goodyer's handv^riting is printed on p. 374.

Part of the winter was spent in working through
Gerard's Herbal and in extracting lists of plants, one of
which (MS. f. 83) was dated 16 Januarii 1620.

1621

Goodyer signalized his twenty-ninth year by turning out
more descriptions of new or rare plants in the three months
of July, August, and September than in all the rest of his
life. There must have been some special reason for this
great output. It is reasonable to think that he found an
incentive in the large number of novelties he had seen
in the gardens of Coys and Parkinson. There was also
the added interest of possession, of the triumph of the
horticulturist : seeds given to him by Coys in the preceding
year were coming up well. What would they become.^

JOHN GOODYER

What new benefits to mankind might they not be made to
yield ? Many of them growing at Droxford under his own
eye were either not described or were imperfectly described
in Gerard's Herbal \ there was room for a new edition,
or at any rate for a Supplement. The new plants might
not be hardy enough to survive the next winter, and Boel
might never be able to procure the same seed again.
Whatever the reasons may have been, Goodyer s enthusiasm
certainly reached a red-heat this summer.

It was the enthusiasm that every true naturalist feels
when he is conscious of being the first to obtain an insight
into unknown processes and phenomena. What plans for
publication he may have had we know not, nor do we know
what hindrances arose, but there followed a hiatus and
these notes of Goodyer's were laid aside for twelve years,
and then a selection of them were freely placed at the
disposal of Dr. Johnson for the new edition of Gerard.

The descriptions conform rigidly to the style in vogue
at the period. The habit of the plant, its stalks, branches,
leaves, flowers, seed, root, duration are all considered in
order, and in many cases notes are added on the season,
hardiness, and locality. The technical words such as
' footstalk ' in the sense of petiole, * knee ' = node, 'bosome' =
axil (of a leaf), ' pointell ' = pistil, ' cheives ' = stamens, and
umbell in the modern sense are in the language of Gerard.
Occasionally the descriptions are brightened by refreshing
comparisons. The flower of Monotropa ' resembleth ye
suck-bottle which children use to suck their drinke out of ;
' seed no bigger than a flea ' ; ' clammie as Bird-lime ' ;
' woollie like Spiders webbs ' ; a colour is ' orange tawnie
velvett'; a herb ' heateth and burneth the mouth'; the
distribution of the pollen of the Yew is thus described,
* if you shall beate on them stones into this tree about the
end of February, there will proceed and fly from the
flowers an aboundance of dustie smoke '.

Moreover, at this period of his scientific life he might
have written as Ray did in June 1667 that he had been

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

at work ' in gathering up into a catalogue all such plants
as I had found at any time growing wild in England,
not in order to the present publishing of them, but for
my own use, possibly one day they may see the light'.

It must be remembered that at this period there was
no English botany book worthy of the name in existence.
The standard works used in this country were the Herbal
of Dr. William Turner, printed in 1568 at Cologne, and
illustrated, 7iot with drawings of British plants, but with
reduced copies of some 400 figures drawn from continental
plants and previously used at Basel to illustrate the 1545
edition of Fuchs' great work. That Fuchs' original draw-
ings were of considerable beauty, and that nothing to equal
them could have been engraved in England, is admitted ;.
but as illustrations to an English Flora they were
misleading.

In 1574 a further impetus was given to the study of
English botany by the publication of Henry Lyte's edition
of Dodoens Herbal, which, as the preface shows, has con-
siderable claims to originality rather than to being a mere
translation, but for this again the small, inferior copies of
Fuchs' figures were requisitioned.

The next and best known of English Herbals, that of
Gerard, appeared in 1597, but again it was a compilation
from foreign works, so imperfectly ' accomodated unto our
English nation ' that Lobel was requested by the printer to
correct the- blunders, and still Goodyer was able to discover
many others.

Consequently, like many other botanists, Goodyer must
have been eternally plagued with the attempt to make
English plants fit the descriptions and figures of continental
writers — a labour that has been aptly compared with the
endeavour to fit square pegs in round holes. He was,
however, sufficiently gifted to perceive the futility of the
attempt, and to recognize at an early period the need for
accurate descriptions made from the living, flowering plant,
beside him.

JOHN GOODYER

Among foreign authors he would have relied largely
on Matthiolus, Bauhin, and on Lobel. One of the most
important works that appeared during his working life was
the Pinax of Kaspar Bauhin, the result of forty years of
toil, published in 1623, and acquired by Goodyer in the
same year. This work carried still further Lobel's idea
that natural affinity must be the foundation of a truly
natural system : it went far to clear up the confusion in the
nomenclature of the day, which had resulted from the fact
that different names had often been given to the same
plant by different authors. The Pinax, as Reynolds Green
has well put it, ' not only got rid of much confusion by
setting forth the different synonyms in use, but it introduced
greater terseness of description, and helped to restrict the
inordinate length of names'. Green did not think that
Bauhin's work had exerted any great influence in England : ^
but we have noted a profound influence upon Goodyer's
work, who prepared and, had times been favourable, would
assuredly have published a Pinax of the British flora on
the lines of Bauhin, whose works he had read, marked,
and inwardly digested from cover to cover.

Goodyer's excursions in search of plants were rewarded
by the finding on 2 June of two species of Pondweeds new
to the British aquatic flora. Both were growing quite near
home, the one actually in Droxford, the other just over the
Sussex border at Durford on the upper waters of the
Rother. A paper, MS. f. 6, suggests that either Goodyer,
or more probably Sir T. Bilson, was interested in land that
once belonged to the old Priory at Durford.

On 29 June, about a mile from his native town of
Alton, he found a plant which he described as ' Nidus avis
flore et caule violaceo purpureo colore This he ' found
wilde in the border of a field called Marborne, neere
H abridge in Haliborne . . . being the land of one

^ On this point Dr. Church notes that in Oxford ' Bauhin's Pinax prompted
Sherard's Pinax of Dillenius, and hence was responsible in England for the
Sherardian Professor of Botany '.

NIDUS AVIS?

- William BaldenJ In this place also groweth wild the
thistle called Corona fratriwi \ The identity of the species
has been the subject of speculation. The most recent
review of the position is that of Mr. Druce, who follows
Sir J. E. Smith in considering that the plant was probably
the Purple Broomrape [Orobancke purpui^ed) growing
parasiticaHy upon the roots of the common Yarrow which
is now abundant in a locality, which Mr. Druce believes
that he has correctly identified with the ' field called
Marborne Townsend, on the other hand, suggests that
the plant was the rare Violet Helleborine, Epipactis violacea
Dur., which he found near Alton ; a view with which
Dr. Stapf agrees. In his annotated copy of Tabernaemon-
tanus' Icones, Goodyer has added a note and a reference to
the picture of Orobanche i to the effect that it is Nidus
Avis Lob. o. 356 or ' 86 (b. 2)', which is evidentl}^ a refer-
ence to Orchis abortiva violacea in Bauhin's Pinax,^

Although closely tied to his work and his garden during
the early part of the summer, Goodyer appears to have
paid short visits to the coast, at Haylinge on 20 August,
where he found Sea Heath {Frankenia laevis L.), and
Diotis maritima, which was formerly much more widely
distributed than it is now ; to Southsea on the 30th ; and
to Bursledon Ferry on 3 September. Here he saw the
Sea Heath in flower and described it a second time.
At Bellmere Pond he found a white-flowered Eyebright
in flower on 24 August, and at Southsea Castle he saw
Climbing Fumitory in flower on 30 August.

Altogether he described at least ninety species of plants
during the summer, and when October brought him a
respite from his labours it was but natural that he should

^ Parish Records might possibly show whether ' Balden ' is an old error for
Yalden, the name of Goodyer's kinsfolk.

^ Yet another view is printed by the editors of the catalogue of the Morisonian
Herbarium. The entry is ' Orobanche radice compacta major flore violaceo,
nobis. No specimen. In agro Ha?itonie7tsi prope Alton oppidit7n i7ivenit
D. Goodyer. This is usually referred to Lunodorum abortivum Sw., but
Goodyer's plant (of which no specimen is known to exist) was probably
Helleborine purpurata Druce'. Vines and Druce, p. 173.

48 JOHN GOODYER

wish to compare notes with his friend Coys. His descrip-
tion of 'Jacea capituHs hirsutis Boehi' certainly impHes
that it was taken on lo October 162 1 in Coys' own garden.
And a letter from his friend, Laurence Davis, about gold
weights addressed to him at Droxford on 9 November,
implies that he was home again then.

To my very loving freind Mr. John Goodier at
Droxford give this.

Mr. Goodyer I have sent you by Maye yo'^ gould waights w*^
those other that you desired extraordinary, only the Elz. Angell
serves both for the Edward & Elzabeth waight, theye cost 6^
And yo"" peice I could gett but 8^ 10'^ for ; the Remaynder I have
returnd by Maye. And I am gladd to have this occasion to expresse
my desire to bee esteemed.

Yo'' ever loving freind

Laurence Davis.

I praye remind mee kindly to yo^ fellows

Patience, Mr. Parker, and Henry Henly. [MS. f. 9

This letter was endorsed by Goodyer ' Rec. 9 November 1621 '

and annotated ' rec. 3^ againe •
6

His last work this winter was to distinguish between ' the
Yew bearing Acorns and berryes ' and ' the Yew with only
flowers '.

A number of the papers in which Sir Thomas Bilson's
affairs are mentioned belong to 1621 and 1622. Shopping
notes occur on MS. f. 46. ' Morgan is to doe the fan of
a pinke color '. ' The fans handell is to be doble gilt '.
Among the things to be purchased are ' 20 yards of galome
lace buttons, fustian, cambic, oyle skins, 50 needles, and
other such feminine gear, p. 382. The addresses 'Little
Minories ' and ' Barbican ' on the same paper indicate that
business had again taken him to London.

1622

The principal journey of 1622 was to Oxford. It is not
difficult to find good reasons for the visit The relations
that existed between Magdalen College and Goodyer's

OXFORD 49

own county, with William Yalden the College Clerk of the
Account, his brother-in-law, and in addition his scientific
interests may rather make us wonder that he should not
have visited Oxford more frequently. It was but the
)ear before, that Magdalen had granted to the University
five acres of land, then in process of being laid out as a
Botanic Garden, and Goodyer may have contributed some
of the first plants. Among the then fellows of the College
was Walter Stonehouse whose garden-lists subsequently
came into Goodyer s possession, and among the new Demies
was Sampson Johnson, the friend of Thomas Johnson and
an early authority on the purgative action of various kinds
of rhubarb.^

In May Goodyer completed his notes on the flowers and
galls of the oak, and on the cachryes ^ of the walnut,
chestnut, alder, and birch. Oak-galls had long had a
peculiar interest, because a gardener by ' looking whether
there be in them eyther Flyes, Wormes, or Spiders ' could
presage battle, dearth, and scarcity or plague.^

On 2 July ' in the high waie neare Abington leadinge
towards Oxford ' he saw the fine Woolly Thistle (Cnicus
eriophorits), which he had already found by a Hampshire
roadside in 1617 (f 107). On the 5th while exploring 'by
the Rivers side aild in the water diches about Oxford ' he
saw the Great Water Parsnip (Sium latifolmm L.) before
the flowers were fully formed, and continuing his walk on
the west part of Gloster Hall, now Worcester College,
he there noted for the first time the Wood Club Rush
[Scirpus sylvaticus L.) (f. 7 v.). .

^ Thomas Johnson wrote ' My friend Mr. Sampson Johnson, Fellow of Magdalen
College in Oxford, assures me, that the Physitions of Vienna in Austria use
scarce any other [medicine] at this day than the Rubarb of the Antients which
grows in Hungary not far from thence : and they prefer it before the dried
Rubarb brought out of Persia and the East Indies, because it hath not so strong
a binding facultie as it, neither doth it heate so much ; onely it must be used
in somewhat a larger quantitie' {Ge7\ emac, 396). S. Johnson had no
doubt opportunity of testing this statement during his year's leave of absence
from College, beginning on 14 March 163C-1.

^ See p. 174. ' Thomas Hill, The profitable Arte of Gardenings 1574.

JOHN GOODYER

In the autumn he paid his customary visit to Coys,^
who on 29 September was able to show him ' Scabiosa
flore rubro' in flower (cf. 8 October 1621).

During the winter months he was evidently occupied
with a literary labour that will be referred to in the
following year when it w^as finished.

In February a stray note on the Curled Parsley (Apiiim
crispum) growing at Idsworth suggests an excursion down
the steep wooded hills beyond the South Downs in the
midst of very beautiful country, then part of the Forest
of Bere. And in March he received seeds of twenty-two
garden plants from Coys, including two kinds of ' aples of
love' or tomatoes, p. 325.

1623

His botanical descriptions now cease for a while. We
have only one note, on a species of Acorus dated July
1623. It may be that he was unable to pursue his hobby
with the same activity as heretofore : perhaps he had to
leave Droxford — for we find no mention of his garden
there after this date. But the advancement of botanical
learning still remained the prevailing occupation of his
leisure, only from henceforth we find it taking another form,
a desire to make the plant lore of antiquity available for
English readers, and to this he devoted the winter months.

By this time he had collected a considerable number of
botanical works both of his contemporaries and of the
great Masters of the past. A beautifully bound copy in
Italian binding of the Aldine folio edition of Theophrastus
(1497) was among them. The margins of this book he
inscribed with the numbers of the chapters, and translated
the whole into English. The ten books De Plantis fill
238 pages of his neat small script, and the six books De
CaiLsis PlantariLm take 256 m.ore. We do not know when

^ This is proved by a marginal note on p. 130 of his copy of Parkinson's
Theatrum. There he renames Parkinson's No. 8, Aster Virgineus, as ' Helian-
themum radice repente Virginianum. Mr. William Coys of Stubbers in Essex
was wont to call it so. 26 Sept. 1622 I sawe it in his garden. John Goodyer'.

THEOPHRASTUS

he bepfan the translation, but he noted the dates on which

he completed the chapters De Causis PlantariLm.
Chap. 1 finis 25 Febr. 1622
„ 3 „ 8 Marcii 1622
„ 4 18 Marcii 1622

5 „ 28 Jan. 1623
At the end is written

'Finis 6*° die Februarij 1623.
This booke was sent from bindinge the six and twentieth day of
September 1661.

The bindinge — the cleane paper — the claspes 4^'

This, so far as we know, was the only English translation
of the De Plaiitis until 1919, when Sir Arthur Hort
published his translation ; but Goodyer's still remains the
only version of the De Causis in the English language.

1624

We find him resuming his botanical excursions in 1624.
He made a second trip into Wiltshire, and noted the
occurrence of Sanfoin {Onobrychis saliva Lam.) at Lang-
ford and Stapleford on 24. July. A carefully prepared
itinerary for a tour in the New Forest in September of the
same year shows his route :

From hyve to Lymington Fr. hampto to Redbridg 4

from Lymington to Christchurch fro Redbridge to Ringw 16

from Christchurch to Poole 8 myle fro Ringwood to Langham 6

from Poole to Wareham 7 myles fr Langham to Poole 4

to Wimboine 6
to Brainford 10
to lichett 3
from Wareham to Wooll & Briden 4 myle
fro woU to Waymouth 9 myle
to Dorchester 9 myle
to Woodbury hill 4 myle
to Winfruite 2 to Osmunton 4
to bean 3
fro Waymouth to Woobury 14

to Wimborne 8 fro
Wimborne to Christchurch
from Christchurch to Lemington 9
fro Lemington to Bewly 4
fro Bewly to Hyve 2

Ringewood

Poole

Wooll

horse hire

passag

Waymouth

Christchurch

Lymington pass

Hyve pass

hampton

ichen pass

. . c* Church

]\Ir. laden of Wimborne.

E 2

16 ,
[MS. f

5'^

JOHN GOODYER

In preparation for this journey he made copies of LobeFs
descriptions of four species of plants which were already-
recorded as living at Portland. A7ithyllis prior lentifolia
peplios effigie maritima^ Sedum Portlandicum,^ Hederatmm
thlaspi^ and Papaver cornuhtm flore phoeniceo} We
do not know whether he found them all, but we do
know that he noticed as a new species a fourth kind
of English Elm, the Narrow-leaved Elm, already described
on p. 40.

Eight years later he wrote, ' This kinde I have seene
growing but once, and that in the hedges by the high way
as I rode betweene Christ Church and Limmington in the
New Forest, about the middle of September 1624, from
whence I brought some small plants of it, not a foot in
length, which now, 1633, are risen up ten or twelve foot
high, and grow with me by the first kinde [the common
Elme], but are easily to be discerned apart, by any that
will looke on both/

It has been suggested, by Druce, that Goodyer s Narrow-
leaved Elm was the Cornish Elm, but Elwes and Henry
both refer it to Ulmus minor Miller, which they call
Goodyer's Elm, and with which they merge Druces U,
Ploiii. Elwes states that Goodyer's Elm has been lately
found near Christchurch by Dr. Moss.

On 10 September he wrote a description of the Shrubby
Suaeda (Suaeda friUicosa Forsk.) under the name of
' Chamaepytis vermiculata '.

Johnson quotes him on the subject of the great abun-
dance of the Common Spleenwort in Woolmer Forest.
'Mr. Goodyer saith that in January 1624 he saw enough
to lade an horse growing on the bancks in a lane, as he
rode betweene Rake and Headly in Hampshire, neere
Wollmer Forrest' {Ger. ernac. 1146).

^ Are7iaria pefloides L. ^ EiipJiorbia portlandica L. ^ Cochlearia

danica'L. * Glaiiciwn phoeniceum Cx2LVi\.z, The ' Sedum ' is usually quoted
as ' Tithymalus and the following plant as ' Thlaspi hederaceum '. These
records are about a century earlier than those given by Mansell-Pleydell, Flora
of Dorset.

HONEWORT

1625

It was about this time that he learnt the local name
(Honewort) and vertues of Corn Parsley, a plant with
which he had been long familiar, and to which he had
already given the name ' Selinum Siifoliis ' : but he had no
English name for it, until one day he saw Miss Ursula
Leigh, servant to Mistress Bilson of Mapledurham, gather-
ing it in the ' wheate ershes ' about Mapledurham (where
it still grew in 1632, especially in clay grounds). She told
him that it was called Honewort, and that her mother

' late of Brading in the Isle of Wight deceased, taught her to use it
after the manner heere expressed, for a swelling which she had in
her left cheeke, which for many yeeres would once a yere at the
least arise there, and swell with great heat, rednesse, and itching,
until by the use of this herbe it was perfectly cured, and rose no
more nor swelled, being now (5 Martij 1632) about twenty yeeres
since, only the scar remaineth to this day. This swelling her
mother called by the name of a Hone, but asking whether such
tumors were in the said Isle usually called Hones she could not
tell, by reason shee was brought from Brading aforesaid young,
and not being above twelve yeeres old when shee used this
medicine \

The Verities.

* Take one handfull of the greene leaves of this Honewort, and
stampe them, put to it about halfe a pinte or more of beere, straine
it, and drinke it, and so continue to drinke the, like quantity every
morning fasting till the swelling doth abate, which with or in her
was performed in the space of two weekes at the most.' ^

Next we have the discovery of the compact little
Knotted Pearl wort {Sagina nodosa), described as ' Alsine
palustris foliis tenuissimis : sive Saxifraga palustris alsine-
folia on the boggy ground below the Red Well of Welling-
borough in Northamptonshire. ' This hath not been de-
scribed that I finde. I observed it at the place aforesaid
II August 1625.'

And in the following month he was the first to record
the poisonous Cowbane or Water Hemlock (CiczUa virosa),

1 Ger. emac. 1017-18. See p. 121.

54 JOHN GOODYER

which he named ' Sium alterum olusatri facie', on
1 6 September 1625. The locality was 'by Moreparke,
and at Denham in Hertfordsheire in standinge water sine
cmile' (f. 58).

It has been suggested that Goodyer, as a staunch Royalist,
visited the Red Well because King Charles and Henrietta
were residing there. But surely the evidence is of the
flimsiest. The legend repeated by Morton, and supported
by a misquotation from Laud's Diary,^ of the King and
Queen living for weeks in a tent beside the habitat of
Sagina nodosa, supplies but a sorry explanation for
Goodyer s visit to a popular watering-place.

The Northamptonshire flora owes the first notice of the
Grass of Parnassus to the same visit.

1627-8

Of his proceedings during the next few years there
are but few notes. On 9 February 1627 he ' Rec. of
Christopher Potecary of Stockton, 5 myles from Venny
Sutton Clother'. It is not clear what he did receive, for
after this note follows, though written another way up, a
list of fruit trees and plants, days of Assizes, and (upside
down) the recipe for an ointment.^

Two entries, dated 23 June 1628, show that he visited
the garden of one ' Millaine ' in London, and saw there
' Sophia latifolia in horto millaine prope le pest house ' and
' Triticum spica multiplici, in horto Millaine '.

The former may have been Sisymbrium Sophia and
Millen's grass may have been a variety of Triticitm tur-
gidtcm L.

The owner of the garden was the ' Master John Millen,
dwelling in Old Street, in whose nursery are to be found

^ The statement in a well-known County History that Laud visited the
sovereigns at Wellinghorou^h, is based on a misreading of his own entry that
the King appointed him Bishop of Bath and Wells, ' Rex Carolus me nominavit
in Episcopum Bathon. et Welleft.'

^ MS. f. 129 V, see p. 384.

LONDON AND OXFORD 55

the choisest fruits this kingdom yields ' ^ and *who from John
Tradescant and all others that have good fruit hath stored
himself with the best only, and he can sufficiently furnish
any 'J Parkinson mentions the ' Great bearing cherry of
Master Millen in 1629 His name and address also occur
on the back of a letter of 1631.^

^^^^ Qr^^^i^ Mi'

Q^cfus

Goodyer's handwriting
163 1

In 1631 Goodyer was living at Mapledurham. When
he moved, we do not know, but both his letters and notes
show that his thoughts were in the planting of a new
garden. He journeyed to London and possibly to Oxford,
and on 27 May appears to have been at ' Godlemen in
Surrey ' (Godalming). He would have had a good reason
for visiting Oxford, for his favourite nephew Edmund
Yalden had gone up to Magdalen College as a Demy in
1 630. A note of a botanical station near Oxford was supplied
him by Leonard Buckner,^ a London apothecary, and one

^ Johnson, 1633, and Parkinson, 1629, p. 575. MS. f. 133.

^ Leonard Buckner's discoveries are printed by Johnson. ' In a field joyning
Witney Parke' in 1632 he found S tacky s gerjnatiica L., and 'in a bog upon
a common by the Beacon hill neere Cumner-wood in the end of August 1632',
three miles beyond Oxford, a little on this side of Eynsham ferry, he found the
Horse-taile Coralline. Ger. emac. 1115. This last plant has been variously
regarded as Equisetum sylvaticum L., Druce, Flora Oxford^ p. 356, and as
Chara hispida L., Druce, Flora Berks, xcix. In the case of the Stachys,
Goodyer's note antedates the date printed, and generally quoted from Johnson,
by a year and a month.

Leonard's excursions near Oxford suggest kinship with Dr. Thomas Buckner,
Fellow of Magdalen, 161 8-3 1.

JOHN GGODYER

of the * loving friends and Fellow travellers ' who accom-
panied Johnson in searching for plants over a great part
of Kent.

' Stachys : by windy parke wall on ye west of it, 8 myles from
Oxford — July 1631. Leo. Buckner.' [MS. f. 133

Another correspondent, Griffith Hinton, who shows as
much familiarity with the movement of Bishops as with
the stock-in-trade of nurserymen, addressed two letters to
Goodyer in this year.
To his very loving frend

M'" John Goodyear at Maple Derham neare Peeterfyeld in Hampshier
geeve theis.

Mr. Goodyer I rec. the Acquittances, and as sone as I have
the Rents togeather you shall heer from mee. My Lo. Byshop of
Wynchester^ is this day com out of the town for Farnham and
how long he wyll stay ther I know not, but as I heard by on of
my Lords men hee wyll stay at Farnham 10 dayes. Thus wyth
my duety and kynd Remembrance this 13*^ of July 1631 I rest,

Yors ever loving

Griffith Hinton.

[MS. f. 14

In November 1631 Goodyer was again in London. The
notes of this visit are not very easy to read, but there is
sufficient to show that he paid 13^. Sd. for ' Diett at
Gilford' and that supper at the King's Head cost los.
The paper is undated, but the year is settled by the days
of the month on which he purchased certain books,
Dioscorides and Thevett among others, which are still in
existence, and are clearly inscribed with a date and price
exactly corresponding with the note on the paper and
the year 1631. The further entry * Nov. 8 wyne w^^
Johnson 6^' has a special significance, for about this time
the two friends would have been discussing their great
scheme of producing a second edition of Gerard's HerbaL
In spite of its great popularity, this Herbal had been an
unsatisfactory book from the start. Indeed, when we
remember its history, it would have been strange had it

' In 1 63 1 Walter Curie succeeded Rich^ Neile as Bishop of Winchester.

JOHNSON AND THE HERBAL

been otherwise. The printer, John Norton, had com-
missioned Dr. Priest to translate Dodoens' Peiiiptades
(1583) into EngHsh. Priest died, and Gerard continued
the work. But to mask the fact of his Herbal being
Httle else than a mere translation, he altered the arrange-
ment from that of Dodoens to that of Lobel ; and
flippantly remarking that he had heard of Dr. Priest's
labours, but the man being dead his work had perished
with him, he had the effrontery to declare that his own
researches had produced the work. Wood-blocks used by
Tabernaemontanus in his Eicones (1590), with some others,
were procured from Frankfort by Norton, but Gerard soon
showed his slender knowledge, by misapplying many of
the figures, and caused so much confusion in the early
chapters of the Herbal, that the attention of the printer
was directed to it by James Garret, the London apothe-
cary. Lobel was therefore invited to correct the work,
and by his own account he actually corrected it in a
thousand places, but further emendation was stopped by
the author, w^ho contended that the Herbal was already
.sufficiently accurate, and that his censor had forgotten the
English language.^

Gerard's book gave a very real impetus to the study
of our English flora, but it was avowedly a popular
work, ' being principally intended for gentlewomen ' - ;
and in this connexion Mrs. Gerard, who assisted her
barber-surgeon husband in his practice, would have been
most helpful ; for her professional assistance was similar to
that which Mrs. Gamp was in the habit of rendering at

^ An excellent account of the Herbal is contained in B. J. Jackson, Gerard's
Catalogue of Plants, 1876.

Americans of ' royal descent ' may be interested to learn that the copy of
Gerard's Herbal now in the library of the Botanic Garden at Oxford, originally
belonged to a gentlewoman, Dorathie Redmayne (1565-1645) whom I believe
to have been identical with the mother of John Rolfe of Heacham, ancestress of
all who trace their descent to the Indian Princess Pocahontas. Dorothy Rolfe's
second husband was Robert Redmayne, Chancellor of Norwich. She was
buried 'at the feet of her two husbands' in Heacham Church. Rolfe Fafnily
Records, p. 11.

5«

JOHN GOODYER

certain periods to her lady clients. The scientific botanist,
however, judges a book from another standpoint. Even
the genuineness of the Catalogue of plants in Gerard's own
garden has been denied by the 'attestor' Lobel himself
In one copy of the work in the British Museum the
certificate has been crossed out, and the words, in Lobel's
handwriting, ' haec esse falsissima, Matthias de Lobel
are written at the end of it.

Goodyer made the fullest use of the Herbal, and in 1 6 20-1
he may have been contemplating a new and improved edition.
When or how the same thought came to Dr. Johnson we
do not know, but in the next year Goodyer was sending
Johnson twenty-seven sheets of manuscript.

The name of the inn, where he put up, is given in a
second letter from his loving friend Hinton, addressed :

To his very Loving frend

Mr. John Goodyear at the sygne of the
Angell neere Denma^'k Hous in Strand.

Mr. Goodyer I wrote unto my frend for the trees and this day
I spake with him and hee telleth mee that ther is no sure trees
growying about Barn Elmes ^ wher hee dvvelleth, but hee hath
enquired and found that ther is Malacaton trees at Twycknam in
Mydd. and they wyll not be sold under 3^ 6^ a tree, but hee may
have an apricok tree for i^^ I shall speake with him agayn eyther

^ The Earl of Essex had a garden at Barne Elmes, Ge7\ emac. 1396, and so
had Sir Francis Walsingham (d. 1590), Ger. 501.

^ The Twickenham fruit garden must have been that of Mr. Vincent
Pointer, who had the greatest variety of plums in England {Gerard), and is
quoted by Sir Hugh Piatt, Floraes Paradise, 1608, pp. 117-18, as an authority on
grafting. His nurseries are mentioned by Ben Jonson, who states that he was
better known 'by Poynter's name than by his owne'. His real name was
Corbet, and he was the father of Dr. Richard Corbet (b. 1582), Dean of Christ
Church (Aubrey, Lives), and was also connected with a garden at Ewell in Surrey.

That though they did possesse each limbe, So of uncleannesse, or offence,
Yet he broke them, e're they could him, That never came ill odour thence:

163I

A7i Epitaph on Master Vincent Corbet.

Deare Vincent Corbet who so long
Had wrestled with Diseases strong

His Mind was pure, and neatly kept,
As were his Nourceries ; and swept

With the just Canon of his life,

A life that knew nor noise nor strife :

And adde his Actions unto these
They were as specious as his Trees-
Ben Jonson, Underwoods, 1640.

PURCHASE OF FRUIT TREES

tomorrow or Thursday that I may geve him an answer, therfore
I pray you send mee word by this bearer or yf you Gooe to have
them about this town bethink yo"" self. I spake with on Crawley
who was my Lord Byshopp Androse ^ his gardner after I had
written to Barn elmes and Crawley promysed me to help mee to
som but at what pryce I know not yf you please to speake with
him send mee word and appoynt the tyme and I will speak
with him tomorrow or yf you wyll have them out of the contry
send me word that they may bee reddy to bee sent down by the
carrier tomorrow, serving this with my duety this 15 of november
I rest Yo" ever

Griffith Hinton.

[MS. f. 133

On the same letter is wTitten in Goodver's hand :

James
D.

Roberts
Pashley

(su)

II 10
16 7

- 10

- 12

Violett
May cherry
Duke cherry
Bon crittian

Buckett

II 10

16 7
4 10

32 7

Mr. Withovvbie Hamshere
Audit
Draba ger.

Gramen alopecuroides spica
02 64 aspera is Gramen crista-

tum Baeticum by y® adia-
4 cent pts of Shepey.

4 Stachys. by windy parke wall on ye west of

o it 8 myles from Oxford in July 1631.

~8 Leo. Buckner.

at Mr. John Harrison in pater noster Rowe
at the Golden Unicorne — a stationer.

[MS. {. 133

Both the letter and Goodyer's notes written upon it show
that he was stockinof his earden. ' Millain of old Street ' is
again mentioned, as is ' Hugobert at Ratcliffe '.^ The
prices paid for some fruit trees are noted on the back of
this letter.

In January he was trying to get into touch with foreign
herborists with a view to obtaining the seeds of foreiorn
plants in exchange for English seeds. Drafts of two
letters are extant.

Sir,

I have made a short Catalogue of some plants which growe
for the most p[ar]te wild in Fraunce ; you may acquaint anie
herborists there that you please yf they will [be pleased] helpe me
to seeds of them, or any other, I will by your directions furnish
^ Lancelot Andrewes, Bishop of Winchester, 1618-26.

^ The name Hugobert recalls an apothecary, Abraham Hugobert, who was
fined by the Apothecaries Company for not presenting an apprentice in 1650.

JOHN GOODYER

them with such as they shall desire which growe wild with us in
England or in our gardens ; those in my Catalogue are all con-
tayned in Pena his Adversaria, I have quoted the page that there
may be no mistakinge. And I entreate you to desire so much of
those that send me any seeds to name the Author and the page
of his booke that wrightes of them for every seed — all sort he
sends, if not written of, to say so. This way is the triall of an
herborist, and will save me a greate deale of paines ; by gods helpe
I will doe the like to them for those seeds I shall send. Thus
making bold to trouble you uppon your kind promise, wishing you
a prosperous journey, — I rest ^

Yours to my power —

[MS. f. 132

[The catalogue contains the names of fifty-one plants with
references to Lobel and Pena, Adversaria.^

16 January 1 63 1.

Mr. Wray, I have made bold to send this inclosed letter to
you, I entreate you to convey him to Mr. Langrish if he be yet in
England, if gone over to send him after him if it may be done
with convenience, if not pray send him back to me againe. It was
his desire when he was with us in the contrey that I should send
this letter to you for him. Thus remayning ready to doe as much
and more for you as it be in my power, I rest

Your loving friend

[MS. f. 13a

Both of these letters are in Goodyer's handwriting.
The identity of Mr. Wray is a matter of doubt. In the
N. B. are mentioned two members of a Yorkshire
family of the name, of v^hom Sir J. Wray {i 586-1655) is
known to have spent 1603-6 in foreign travel, which is
rather early for our present purpose, and the Captain Wray,
who with John Evelyn in 1646 found rare simples growing
on the Euganean Hills, is rather too late.

1632

The doctrine of the fixity of species so tenaciously held
in after years by Linnaeus and his school formed no part
of the science of Goodyer and his contemporaries, or of the
ancients. The artificial production of new varieties was

PRODUCTION OF NEW SPECIES

already known to Shakespeare before 16 10, at any rate as
far as gillyflowers are concerned. Perdita, having been
told the cause of their streakiness, cared not to get slips of
them for her rustic garden : they had the reputation of
beine ' nature's bastards and she was also aware that it
was possible to produce similar piedness by art (inocula-
tion). Polixenes tried to argue with her that as all arts
that add to nature are made by nature, the crossing of
different races is but natural after all, and that she should
therefore make her garden ' rich in gilliflowers '.^

In Shakespeare's day people were familiar with the idea
of two sexes among plants, although the function of pollen
was still unrecognized. But it was a remarkable prevision
of genius, which we can only describe as Shakespearean, to
explain the production of varieties among plants as the
result of cross-breeding, at a time when botanists knew
nothing about the function of the flower.^ The Art to
which Perdita refers must be the art of Inoculation, of
inserting the buds of one plant into or upon another.^
And Shakespeare's al^er ego, Bacon, reflects the same
thought. 'It is a Curiosity to make Flowers Double. . . .
Enquire also, whether Inoculating of Flowers (as Stock

^ Winter's Tale, iv. 3.

^ Dr. Church points out that at the time of which we are speaking, the idea
of crossing by grafting was accepted, and the methods of grafting fruit trees were
fully set forth in many books. As far as the ' Secretes ' of the ordering and
care of Gillyflowers are concerned, Th. Hill, Arte of Gardening, 1574, divulged
the following : ' you may make one stalke to bring forth floures of many colours,
if you take the seeds of every colour of the Gilifloure, and put them altogether
into a thinne small rede or Terdill of a sheepe or goate, or else tied up in
a thinne worne linnen cloth, setting the same in the earth well mixed with dung :
which after the watering will cause a plant to come uppe, bearing the like
number of colours in one stalke, as there were seedes sowen.

And there be some which write, that if you myxe the Basill seedes with the
Gilifloure seedes, and use them (as above sayde) that they will spring togither
on one stalke '.

It must also be remembered that Hill had many contemporaries, who, had
they been acquainted with the method of the production of new varieties by
hybridization, would not have imparted their secret to others, so long as they
thought that there might be money in it.

^ Fleming's Virgil, Georgics, ii. 21. 1589.

JOHN GOODYER

GilLy-flowers, Roses, Musk- Roses, &c.), doth not make
them Double ' }

The idea of the sudden appearance of a new species as
a Mutation would have been quite familiar to Goodyer.
We have already quoted a passage ^ (under 1620) in which
he put forward a theory, as worthy of consideration, that
the seed of Sweet Marjoram might degenerate and send
forth Acmos odoratissimum.

Francis Bacon, seven years later, accepted the possibility
of such a change, and suggested an experiment for the
Transmutation of Flowers. ' The second rule shall be
to bury some few seeds of the herb you would change,
amongst other Seeds ; And then you shall see whether the
juyce of those other seeds doe not so qualify the Earth, as
it will alter the seed, whereupon you worke. As for
Example . . . put Basill-seed amongst Thyme-seed, and see
the change of taste, or otherwise.' ^ The effect of a change
of environment was illustrated by the classical instance of
Lobel,^ who sowed ' Papaver nigrum ' in Somersetshire
and found it to come up changed ' by the sport of Nature
and metamorphosis' into ' Papaver album '.^ And in 1632
Goodyer found what was believed to be an instance of the
partial change of an ear of wheat into oats. Our modern
knowledge of the possibilities of plant-breeding will of
course not permit us to believe in his explanation of the
phenomenon : he was probably misled by some monstrosity
in the ear, but the record is of value as showing the frame
of mind in which these early botanists tried to describe
honestly what they saw. A later generation would have
cast the thing aside as being 'against nature' and not
worth a serious thought. Johnson records it as 'a rare

' Bacon, Nat. Hist. § 513. 1627. Here the word ' flower' is used in different
senses, first as a bloom, secondly as a plant. Bacon's science was occasionally
muddled.

- Ger. emac. 65. ^ Bacon, I. c. § 527.

* Lobel, Offi,ci7ia Phartnaceutices Rondellet, 1605, p. 37.

^ A change of colour from blue or yellow to white in the case of Wild Succory
and Moth Mullein was attributed by Merrett to a change to a poor soil. Ptnax,
Epistle to reader, i6th page. 1667.

RUSSIAN PLANTS

observation, of the transmutation of one species into
another, in plants; which' though it have beene observed
of ancient times, as by TheopJirastus, de caus. plant, lib. ^.
cap, 6, whereas amongst others hee mentioneth the change
of Z^ia 7rpb9 TOP ^pofiov. Spelt into oates : and by Virgill in
these verses ;

Grandia saepe qitibtcs mandavimus Hordea stdcis,
Infoelix Lo litem, & steriles dominantur avenae.
That is ;

In furrowes where great Barley we did sow.
Nothing but Darnel and poore Oats do grow ;
yet none that I have read have observed, that two severall
graines, perfect in each respect, did grow at any time in
one eare : the which I saw this yeare 1632, in an eare of
white Wheat, which was found by my very good Friend
Master lohn Goodyer, a man second to none in his in-
dustrie and searching of plants, nor in his iudgement or
knowledge of them. This eare of wheat was as large and
faire as most are, and about the middle thereof grew three
or foure perfect Oats in all respects : which being hard to
be found, I held very worthy of setting downe, for some
reasons not to be insisted upon in this place ' }

The Goodyer crest, a partridge with a good eai^ of wheat
in its beak, is said to have been suggested by this excep-
tional find.

Various lists of exotic plants and of foreign floras which
passed between correspondents abroad and their agents in
this country, show how eager botanists w^ere at this period
to obtain accounts of the floras of foreign countries. Few
of these documents are dated, but one, a list of Russian
plants, was written in June of this year. At the end of
the list the writer adds : ' and many other which I know
not and are not to be found in my herball. I will have
their effigies drawne, and will hereafter send them you
with their leaves and Russe names and vertues.

Mosco, 12 Junij 1632 Robert Tewe.'

^ Ger. euiac. 65.

64 JOHN GOODYER

The note which follows may or may not refer to Tewe's
expenses.

' 150I p. ann. 12^^ io» a moneth.' ^

It is clear that Tewe must have been a member of, or have
been helped by, the Muscovia Company, then engaged in
active trade with Russia.

The important domestic event of his marriage occurred
in this year. The Licence issued by the Faculty Office of
the Archbishop of Canterbury bears date 15 November
1632.

* John Goodyer of Beryton co. Southampton, gentleman,
bachelor, 40, and Patience Crumpe, spinster, about 30, daughter
of Walter Crumpe, late of St. Giles in the Fields, Middlesex, tailor
at St. Giles in the Fields or St. Gregory's London.'

There is evidence that John and Miss Crump were
friends of long standing. In a letter dated 9 November
1 62 1 Laurence Davis ends with a postcript : 'I praye
remind me kindly to yo^' fellows Patience, Mr. Parker, and
Henry Henly At that time Goodyer and presumably

Patience also, were living at or
near Droxford. Soon after the
wedding he moved from Maple-
durham to a house in the Spain
in Petersfield. The Spain is a

^ ^ picturesque open place or square

^^^^^^^^^^ which is said to have received

Petersfield. name from the Spanish mer-

chants who resorted there for
wool-dealing.^ The street of approach from the market-
place is still named Sheep Street. In the eighteenth
century a horse-market was held there.

John Goodyer s house Ms still standing to-day, and is
one of the most interesting in the whole of Hampshire.
The half of it which I had the privilege of inspecting has
been burdened with the ridiculous name of St. Aubyns,
but until 1907 it bore legally the title which it bore in

^ J. Williams, History of Petersfield^ p. 34,

HOUSE IN PETERSFIELD

John Goodyer's time, ''The Great House". The word
"great" was not synonymous with "big"; it simply meant
of chief importance'.^ In April 191 7 a tablet was im-
bedded in the brickwork of the front of the house :
JOHN GOODYER
Botanist and Royalist
(1592-1664)
lived here.

In August last I made a pilgrimage to Petersfield to see
the house. The two-gabelled front facing the Spain was
a disappointment : it has been altered out of recognition
by the substitution of sash windows for the old casements :
Goodyer would not know it. To south and west there are
still a few of the original features. On the south an old
doorway, with stone jambs and flat-pointed arch-stone dated
' '755*' leading out into the garden, is almost certainly
the original front door to the house. The old mullioned
windows, with splayed jambs of red brick, have mostly
been covered with wall-tiling, though several, now walled
up, are an architectural feature in the small yard at the
back of the house. Perhaps the window-tax may have
been the cause of the blocking of the windows, and the
utility of their embrasures inside, when fitted as cupboards,
may have led to some hesitation in reopening them.

Within the house there is much to delight the antiquary.
The heavy oak beams crossing the ceilings, the uneven
floors of thick and broad oak planks, the broad slanting
corbels close under the ceilings, which support the hearth-
stones above, and many other details, all help him to
reopen in his mind the old windows whose splays and
mullions he sees in the walls, and to think away the thin
partitions that now subdivide the rooms in which Goodyer
had his library, and where he worked and wrote.

Of unusual interest is the old stairway, a square brick
and stone built structure at the back of the house, formerly
lit on two sides by small windows, now blocked up, placed

^ M. E. Wotton, John Goodyer in Hants and Sussex News, 11 April 1917-

JOHN GOODYER

in a spiral to follow the stairs. The window-openings can
be seen from the inside, but on the outside they have been
concealed by more modern buildings raised against them.
The conjectural arrangement of the original windows is
shown in the sketch.

Goodyer's House in the Spain.

{The blocked windows of the Stairway have heeji reconstructed
hy Mr. A. E. Gunther from photographs taken for the purpose
by Mr. Llewellyn Bradley.)

And then there is a long four-light muUioned window up
in the wall of the present kitchen, so high above the floor
that to one architect it has suggested a chapel, but perhaps
the original builder knew the advantage of a top light to
his kitchen, as well as of a window through which the
neighbours could not peep. Many constructional details.

PETERSFIELD

including an upstairs fire-place in a massive pier, facing
a window, and within four feet of it, still need explanation :
the well in the cellar and a possible underground passage
need exploration. It is greatly to be desired that the
house may find an owner who will undertake the intelligent
and sympathetic restoration of what is perhaps the most
interesting house in Petersfield.

The papers of the next two years bear evidence of his
change of abode and change of state. Memoranda and
accounts show that he was occasionally commissioned to do
shopping for his wife. Notes of one and a half yards of
white cotton, of hooks and eyes, of silk and buttons, tell
a story as clear as it is brief, while on the other hand we
read of the employment of certain labourers on 24 June
1634 for 'digging my grounds'.^ This evidently refers to
a new garden in Petersfield.

On 5 March 1632 he noted the beneficial result of the
application of Honewort {Cartcm segetum Benth.) to a
swelling or 'Hone' in the cheek of Mrs. Mooring, when
a young girl.

1633

The summer after his marriage he found on 2 July the
local Starry-headed Small Water Plantain {Damasonium
stellatiim Pers.) between Sandie Chappell and Kingston,
having previously found it on Hounslow Heath. Johnson
found it a little beyond Ilford in the way to Rumford.^
But Goodyer had observed it in 16 18.

On 4 July he was busy with the Ferns of the neighbour-
hood of Petersfield. ' I have observed ' he wrote * fower
sorts of Ferne, by most wrighters esteemed to be the male
Fern of Dioscorides : by Anguillara, Gesner, Caesalpinus,
and Clusius accounted to be the Female, and so indeed
doe I thinke them to be, though I call them the Male with

1 Theophilus Hasted) ^,

V> u ' T •• Tho. Bowyier ^

Tho. Crowcher ' t.,^,, j

Andrew Ansell

[MS. f. 14

Tho. Crowcher j 24 Junij gyj^^g^^j.! digging my grounds.

Ger. emac. 418.

F 2

JOHN GOODYER

the multitude. If you looke on these Femes accordinge
to their seuerall growthes and ages, you may make many
more sorts of them than I have done ; which I am afraid
hath beene the occasion of describinge more sorts than
indeed there are in nature. These descriptions I made by
them when they were in their perfect growthes ' (cf
P- i8i).

His No. I ' FiHx mas ramosa pinnulis dentatis' is the
earliest reference to the Broad Shield-fern (Aspiditcm dila-
latum).

'This groweth plentifully in the boggie shadowie moores neare
Durford Abbey in Sussex, and also on the moist shadowie rocks
by Mapledurham in Hampsheire . . . and I have found it often on
the dead putrified bodies and stemms of old rotten okes, in the said
moores, neare the old plants I have observed verie manie small
yonge plants growinge, which came by the fallinge of the seed
from those dusty scales : for I believe all herbes have seeds in
themselves to produce their kindes, Gen. i. ii and 12.'

His second species was the Male Shield-fern [Aspiduim
Filix mas). ' This grows plentifully in most places in
shadowie woods and copses.' It had not been previously
recorded for Hampshire. The variety Aspidium Filix
mas var, affinis, w^as noted ' in many places in the shade
The Prickly Shield-fern {Polystichuin lobatuin) or the allied
Angular Shield-fern (/^. angular e) was also abundant ' on
the shadowie moist rockes by Mapledurham neare Peters-
feld in Hampsheire'.

The Marsh Shield-fern [Aspidium Thelypteins Sw.) is
probably the species described under the name ' Dryo-
pteris Penae et Lobelii ' on 6 July; if so, Good3'er's is the
earliest British record of it.

' Manie yeres past I found this ferne in a verie wett more or
bogge beinge the land of Richard Austen called Whitrowe inoore,
where Peate is now digged, a mile from Petersfeld in Hampsheire,
and this sixt of July 1633 I digged there manie plants, and by
them made this description. I never found it growinge in anie
other place.'

The descriptions of these Ferns were almost certainly

GERARD EMACULATUS

prepared for his friend Johnsons new edition of Gerard's
Herbal, which appeared in the winter of 1633, and has
hitherto been the principal source of information about
Goodyer s plants, many of which are acknowledged in the
most exemplary manner. On the other hand many species
are just referred to him without further notice of the date or
place of discovery, and doubtless other species of Goodyer s,
having come to Johnsons knowledge independently, are
not acknowledged as his at all. Among the Goodyer MSS.
there is a list of descriptions of 113 plants sent by him on
5 March 1632, of five more sent on 12 March, and of two
more sent on 19 March, to Johnson for incorporation in
the book, and with the exception of seven,^ all these
descriptions are extant.

In the preface to the edition, dated from his house
on Snow-hill 22 October 1633, Johnson acquaints the
reader with what he has performed, ' either by mending
what was amisse or by adding such as formerly were
wanting', or by putting out descriptions and words that
were not very necessary. Moreover, he conscientiously
marked all new figures and text with signs J, by which the
new work can be readily distinguished from the old. In
all this Johnson's work shows much careful thought ; and
it is here that we would desire to quote from his concluding
sentences.

' I must not in silence passe over those from whom I have
received any favour or incouragement, whereby I might be the
better enabled to performe this Taske. In the first place let me
remember the onely Assistant I had in this Worke, which was
lohn Goodyer of Maple-Durham in Hampshire, from whom
I received many accurate descriptions, and some other observations
concerning plants ; the which (desirous to give every man his due)
I have caused to be so printed, as they may be distinguished from
the rest : and thus you shall know them ; in the beginning is the

^ The seven descriptions which we have not been able to trace are: Sonchus
Africanus Boelii, Alsine major repens Clusio, A. palustris foliis tenuissimis,
Ranunculus flammeus aquatilis angustifolius hirsutus flore magno, Anagallis
erecta floribus albis, Radix cava minima viridi flore, Draba lutea siliquis
longissimis, v. strictissimis C. Bau. [MS. f. 134.

JOHN GOODYER

name of the plant in Latine in a line by it selfe, and at the end
his name is inserted; so that the Reader may easily finde those
things that I had from him, and I hope together with me will be
thankfuU to him, that he would so readily impart them for the
further increase of this knowledge.'

Dr. Reynolds Green has estimated that the new book
contained about 2,850 descriptions of plants, so far the
largest number included in any herbal. This made the
work the most important and influential of its time, but
we cannot agree with Dr. Green in attributing the name
by which it is widely quoted, ' Gerard Emaculatus to Ray,
for How in 1650, and John Goodyer still earlier, had already
made a practice of referring to it by that name. Nor can
we agree that Johnson was the first to depart from the
practice of the older botanists in relying on their gardens
for the plants they described. Goodyer had long paid
special attention to wild plants.

Green remarks, as have some others, on the ' rapidity
with which Johnson worked' and that 'he had but little
assistance But this is a wrong view. He had the
assistance of the best English botanist of the day.

The work of the two men was essentially on different
lines. Johnson was an M.D., he had translated the surgical
works of Ambrose Parey ; he discussed the medicinal pro-
perties or vertues of plants with greater gusto than he
displayed for their morphology. Goodyer was a scientific
botanist, ' second to none in his industrie and searching of
plants, nor in his judgement or knowledge of them '.

Johnson freely availed himself of the archaeological
knowledge of Goodyer, as in the case of the figure that was
supposed to be the oldest drawing of Saxifraga, taken from
an illustrated manuscript of Apuleius Platonicus.

In the case of the confusion between Solidago sarra-
cenica and Arabis quorundam, Johnson notes ' My very
good friend Mr. lohn Goodyer was the first, I thinke,
that observed this mistake in our Author ; for which his
observation, together with some others formerly and here-
after to be remembered, I acknowledge myself beholden

CORRECTIONS TO JOHNSON'S GERARD 71

to him ' {Gcr. emac. 275). Nor did Goodyer's criticisms
cease when the ' emaculated ' Gerard appeared. Among
his notes are four pages of suggested emendations to the
first twenty-two chapters of the book, which are character-
istic of the accuracy and carefulness of his work.

Goodyer's Coi^rectio?is to JoJinson's Gerard's Herbal.

The first booke. Ca. i.
Description of Comon Meadovve Grasse.

p. I, 1. 2 from bottom. For\\'g\\'i read smooth.

p. 2. Tymc. I have seene it flovvringe in the beginninge of March A*^. 161 9.
Names. After aypaxns read, And this particular meadowe grasse is
called of Theophrastus noa, as Bauhinus hath it in his Phytopinax,
pag. 4.

Nature. Number that which is spoken for the nature amongest the
vertues for indeed Pena affirmeth that the seed of hay beinge
beaten forth, many Physicians doe use for the stopping of the
inward parts, beinge druncke : and applied to the dissolvinge of
hard tumors and wind,
p. 3. Vertues. Theis vertues doe properlie and trewlie belonge to Gra77te?i
caninuin pag. 22.

D. It is apparent that Fernelius, li. 4, ca. 4 de methodo medendi,
meaneth the roots of Gi-amen caninum to have theis vertues.
Ca. 2. Najnes. L'obell calls the first of theis grasses, Gramen minimum
Xerampetinum, and Xerampelinus color is a color somewhat ruddie, and
therefore this name cannott belonge to White dwarfe grasse.
Ca. 3. Names. He mistaketh, for that which L'obell calleth Agroritm venti
spica, and Grame7i agrorum, is this 2 kind called here called Gramen
harimdinaceum.

He mistaketh the 2 grasse also for it is not L'obell but Tabernaemontanus
that calleth it Gramen harundinaceum.
The titles over the figures I would amend thus :

1. Gramen pratensc vidgatius. Common Meddow Grasse.

2. Graineji minus vidgatius. Small Common grasse. For the description
sheweth it not to grow in Meddowes.

The figures are better in L'obell's Icones, p. i, which are the same with
Dodoneus in Latyne of the laste edition, to which you may refer them.

Description. Dodoneus describeth not the particular Meddow grasses but in
generall only, therfore you shall doo well to examyn the descripcon both of the
first and second, by the Advs. & the Observ. unlesseyou cann add any notorious
difference in them from other grasses, out of your own observation.
Ca. 4. Both their descriptions are in Dutch & in no Author that I have, and
quere for what grasse the figure under the title of Gramen maius aquaticum
must serve.

Ca. 5. The description of Grameti Sorghinum is also in Duch. Somethinge
may be added to the description of the root of Calamogrostis, if the worth
of the grasse deserve it, & you thinke it pertinent.

JOHN GOODYER

Ca. 6. The grasse under the title of Gramen Panniculatum^ p. 8, seemes to be
Gra7nen amourettes Clicszi, p. ccxviii. If it be so ? howe came it to be
Gra7nen tomentosiim &^ acerostun Lobell : in Ico7i, pag. 6. I have two
editions of Lobell's Icons printed at severall tymes, the first mdlxxxi,
printed at Anwerpe, and hath but one table, viz. the lattin, french, duch all
together ; the other was printed at Anwerpe A^. MDXCI and hath severall
tables, everie language by itself. The first it seems was one WiUm. Mounts,
a Physician dwellinge at Mallinge (in what Sheere I knovve not) who hath
added to some herbes certaine noates, and thus he hath noted of G7'anien
paTiiculosufTi , phalarioides Lobel, Icoti. p. 7, ' Grasse called in Surrey
braunched grasse, in Come : and in orchards, or shadowie places usuallie
mowen. They seeth it in water with Purslaine and small Reysons for
wormes, in the somer tyme, and geve it comonly to very younge children '.
I must leave this Grasse (which Gerard hath confusedlie written ofj to be
sett dulie, and in his true place by you.

Gra77ie7i sylvaticiwi, I knowe not where it is written of, in Tabermont
I thinke.

Ca. 7. Their descriptions are all in dutch.

Ca. 8. The i is described I knovve not where, the 2 you shall find in the

Obs. p. 10, the eares are not described.
Ca. 9. The i is in the Obs. p. 10 the 2 I knowe not where, belike in Tabermont.
Ca. 10-16, 18, 19. Their descriptions are in the Teutonick or Duch.
Ca. 16. The 2), the description saith the knobs or buttons growe on both sides

of the stalk, the figure hath them but on one side, query whether this be not

G7-a77ie7i 7)io7ita7iu7}i spicatii7)i Chisii, p. ccxix.
Ca. 17. The l) I can observe no such cuttinge qualitie in the edges of the

leaves of this grasse. — Vertues. Many more vertues are spoken of in

Advers. p. 468, and if you please you may add the best of them.
Ca. 21. I see nothing that 1 can amend.

Ca. 22. Cyperus TyphiTitis I know not where to find the descriptions.

' Venarum spiracula laxat Cyperus.' Only Turner hath taken notice of
theis words which I have added. I take it the meaninge of it is that it
openeth the small branches of vena porta, called mesentericae venae. If
it be so ?, it is a speciall vertue not to be omitted. [MS. ff. 149-52

Goodyer also made several corrections in the text of his copy of the 1633
edition of the Herbal, e. g. on p. 567 he notes that the figure given for Saxifraga
anglica7ta alsiTtefolia is really the picture of Sy7ia7tchica, and should be placed
on p. 1120. Also that the adjoining figure named S. palitstris is really an
Arenaria. This mistake explains Johnson's confused account of Saxifraga
anglica7ia on p. 568.

His other additions consist of a few medical notes on the virtues of certain
herbs, e. g. Tithyinalus ciipressi7ius^ p. 499, Elaierm77t, p. 913, and Vicia 7fiaior
sylvestris, p. 1229.

1634

After Johnson had sent his Gerard emaciilatus to the
printers, we are left with next to no published news of
Goodyer's doings for the next twenty years. Fortunately

MAYFIELD

many papers among his manuscripts help to bridge the
gap. He still does shopping for his wife (p. 381) ; there
is a letter of 24 June showing that he was interested in the
date of the Surrey Assizes.

' Mr. Worlidge you were intreated to wright me word, when
Surrey Assizes were kept, at what place and what Judge was to
sitt on the Nisi prius ; which hetherto you have not done. If you
can be at Surrey .'Assizes & our triall goe forward I must goe to the
Bp. of Wint ^ & expound his letter to that Judge, which will aske
some time to doe, & I must also goe before hand to London to
prepare our witnesses. In regard whereof I pray you this weeke
wright me word all those things I have spoken of, & if any other
things you knowe to be therein necessarie, And so I rest

Your assuredly

24 June 1634. [MS. f. 14

In August he was away in Sussex on one of the summer
excursions, which he generally performed on horseback,
having previously, as was his way, made careful notes for
the intended journey.

From London to Lewsam 3 fro London to Croydon 7

to Brumley 4 to Godstone 7

to Farnborowe 3 to Lingfield 6 wch is

to Rethered 5 4 miles from East Grinstead.

to Sen oak rSevenoaksl i , -t).
to Tunbridge 8""
to Ffant [Frant] 5

to Mayfield 5

to Black boyes 6
to Ringmer 4
to Lewis 2

INIayfield Carrier John Manser lyeth at the White Hart in Southwark : comes

in Thursday out Friday.
Lewis Abell Tabrett lodgeth at the Tabott, comes in Wed., out Thurs.

Wi^ Barham of Mallinge halfe a mile from Lewis but goes to Borne

10 myles from Lewis. Mountaine Neppe.
Mr White of West Tarringe.

IM^ Ric Relf of Tenterden 4 miles from Rumney mersh.
Putt in the L.T. 8 li. lod. 4 Aug.

[MS. f. 62

Goodyer visited Mayneld at the time of the greatest

^ Walter Curie.

JOHN GOODYER

prosperity of the iron industry in Sussex, and although the
connexion between iron smelting or forging and the county
flora may not appear very intimate, yet it is far closer than
might be supposed. In 1607 there were, or had lately
been, nearly 140 hammers and furnaces for iron in Sussex
alone, and each of them spent ' in every twenty-four hours
two, three, or foure loades of charcoal, which in a yeare
amounteth to an infinit quantitie '.^ About the year 1640
some 1,300 cords of w^ood were being used at one works
alone, and the woodlands were in danger of being lost.

Jove's oak, the warlike ash, vein'd elm, the softer beech,
Short hazel, maple plain, light asp, the bending wych,
Tough holly, and smooth birch, must altogether burn,
What should the builder serve, supplies the forger's turn.

Drayton, Polyolbion (16 12).

The botanical results of the journey are noted on the
same page.

Dentaria baccifera. [Coral-root. Dentaria bidbifera L.]

At Mayfield in a wood of Mr. Stephen Penckhurst, called High-
wood, and in another wood of his called Foxholes.

Oxyacantha in Rumney Mersh neare the house of Mr. John
Snave the place called Whey street, flours at about Xmas 1605 in
November.

[MS. f. 62

Elsewhere he noted ' Dentaria bulbifera Lo. 687, G. 833,
in Foxholes wood in Mayfeilde parish 6 Aug. 1634',
which fixes the date of his tour.-

On 9 August at Buttersworth Hill he collected ' Ferrum
equinum Germanicum siliquis in summitate ' with ripe seed.
{Hippocrepzs comosa L.) For the year 1636 we have only
a List of ' Virginia seeds reed, from Mr. Morrice 18 March '
(P- 370)5 but in the case of this document, which is in the
handwriting of John Parkinson, we cannot be sure that it
came into Goodyer's possession at so early a date.

^ Norden, Surveyor's Dialogue^ Suss. Arch. Coll. ii. 192.
^ 1 have suggested elsewhere that the little colony of Coral-root near the
Church Meadow at Droxford may have sprung from roots of his planting.

ST. VINCENT'S ROCKS

1637-40

On 21 August 1637, when visiting his brother-in-law
William Yalden at Sheet, he saw ' Batata Hispanorum,
or Common Potatoes They were the Sweet Potatoes,
Ipomaea Batatas, such as could be purchased at the
Exchange in London, and were liable to be killed by the
first frosts. The tubers ' howsoever they be dressed, they
comfort, nourish, and strengthen the body, procuring bodily
lust, and that with greedinesse

Goodyer was acquainted with 'Potatoes of Virginia',
but we do not know that he cultivated them himself.

There is no evidence that he ever accompanied Johnson
and his ' socii itinerantes ' upon their herborizing excursions,
but he certainly took the greatest interest in their dis-
coveries and helped them with their reports. He possessed
the accounts of their Kentish tours in 1629 and 1632, and
added to the list of plants in the former from his own
knowledge. His presentation copy of the Mercurius
botanictcs inscribed ' 28 Octob. 1634 — Ex dono Thomae
Johnson', containing the account of the tour in Wales in
which Stonehouse of Magdalen College also took part, is
similarly annotated, and has many plant names picked out
by yellow paint marks — a favourite method of his. The
Appendix to this work, a treatise on the Waters of Bath
(1634), as well as the lure of new plants, may have deter-
mined him to visit Bath in 1638.

Johnson (Mermrius, pars altera 1641) is our authority
for believing that Goodyer found a new Speedwell on
St. Vincent's Rocks near Bristol, and as the statement
is left unaltered in Goodyer's own copy of the book we may
take it that he did botanize there.

And nothing is more natural, for the grand and precipi-
tous cliffs of St. Vincent's Rocks have always been classic
ground to the botanist. Their vegetation is luxuriant :
their ledges, crowded with an abundance of good plants
in a small area, are comparable only to the similar floral

JOHN GOODYER

wealth of Cheddar Gorge. This towering Hmestone mass
and the adjoining Downs, rising to a height of over
300 feet, overlook the tidal Avon in so picturesque a
fashion that Clifton's river scenery will ever be famous.^

And if they are a Nature reserve now, what a paradise
these rocks must have been in the days of Lobel and
Goodyer when they were clothed with ' millions ' of ferns.

The father of English botany, William Turner, dis-
covered Trinia or Honewort here. It is one of the
choicest indigenous plants in England and of great local
interest. In 1562 he recorded 'Petccedaimm ... I found
a root of it at Saynt Vincentis rock a little from Bristow

The next visitor, L'Obel, found the ' Mules Fern ' about-
1569. Gerard 'spent two daies upon the Rocks to seeke
for Meum \ which had been reported to him as growing
there, probably in mistake for Trinia. In 1634 Johnson
and his ' socii itinerantes ' guided by John Price, a jovial
apothecary of Bristol, directed their steps to the famous
Rocks and the precipitous cliffs commanding the banks
of the Avon. It is no wonder that Coodyer was drawn
thither also.

And he was rewarded by finding a species new to the
British flora, the Welsh Spiked Speedwell ( Veronica hybrida
L.), which he called 'Veronica recta mas. Lob. Ger., vulgaris
recta Clus.' It is the same as the ' Great Speed-well or
Fluellin. Found at Saint Vincents Rocke by Master
Goodyer'.- White ^ states that it is still abundant on the
more inaccessible ledges of the rocks, and occasionally
strays on to the riverside masonry below. It is the most
beautiful of our native Veronicas, and in the Avon gorge
often grows twice as large as on the Great Orme's Head in
North Wales.

He verified the occurrence of the Tutsan {Hypericum
Androsaemum L.), already recorded by Lobel (1570), Lyte
(1578), and Johnson (1634), Dropwort, and Trinia, and

^ White, Flora, 191 2.

2 Johnson, Mercurms, pais altera^ 1641. ^ Flora, p. 463 (1912).

BATH

added the Horseshoe Vetch to the County flora.^ His
records were :

Androsaemum magnum, the Great Saint John's-wort in a wood
over the ... St. Vincents rocks nigh Bristow.

FiHpendula vulgaris, Oenanthe Fuch. Lob. Dropvvort. ^ On St.
Vincents rock 30 Aug.' (= Spiraea filipcndttla L., previously
noted by Lobel.)

Ferrum equinum siliquis in summitate. ' On St. Vincent's Rock
30 Aug. T638.' (= Horseshoe Vetch, Hippocrepis comosa L.)

Peucedanie facie pusilla planta Lob. = Selinum montanum
pumilum Clus. = Peucedanum pumilum, Petroselinum =
Dwarfe Rock Parsley, i63(S. (= Trinia or Apinella glaiica

0. Kuntze.)

Rock Stonecrop {Seditm Rupestre L.), ' Sedum Divi Vincentii
Non Descriptum is also said to have been first recorded
by him. 2

The manuscript notes in Goodyer's hand in the John-
son's Mei^cicidus^ 1634, have unfortunately been cut off
by some wretched bookbinder, but one about ' Saxifraga
palustris alsinefoh'a ^ Ger, emac! confirms 1638 as the year
of his visit to the west of England. He found it ' In the
springs about Smocombe wood neare Bath, on the north-
east parts of the wood, j. Sept. 1638'. In modern language
it is the White Sandwort {Sagina nodosa) that he had been
the first to add to science in 1626.

Probably at the same time he became acquainted with
the Wood Vetch (Vicia sylvatica L.), which he called 'Vicia
Bathoniensia vel maxima sylvatica' and found ' In Smoak-
hall Wood by the Bathe, and at the Devizes in Wiltshire'.*

A list of the names of useful Willows bears date 1640.

Salix aquatica lo. o. 137 g. 1203. I have scene 8 kinds of osyars
thus called by the baskett makers

1. gelderlander 5. redd willowe

2. goldstone or hornead 6. privett

3. white withe 7. black | , . t

4. yealowe osier 8. white ^
^ Not noted by White, Flora Bristol, 1912, p. 256.

^ Merrett, p. iii (1666). ^ Sagina nodosa Meyer.

* Merrett, Pinax, 1666, p. 125. The same plant is mentioned in How,
Pkytologia, p. 129.

JOHN GOODYER

A similar list, on a small scrap of paper, is dated * i8
Marcii 1640 of Edw. Greene (? Gawne) And two rather
longer and later lists enumerate thirteen varieties.

1. White gorerod

2. Black gore rod

3. Gelderlander

4. Yealowest yelster

5. Hard yelster — the best

6. Erlie leavinge redd osier 13. Oxford or Dutch golston

8. Gilford redd osier

9. Erlie ta rod [lesser browne rod

10. Backward ta rod, or Privett,

11. White osier

12. Horneyead or golston.

7. Backward Leavinge redd osier-skragged.

[MS. f, 16 V.

1643-9

The disturbed state of the country during the next few
years made peaceful pursuits impossible. Hampshire men
were soon in the thick of the Civil War. Lucky were
those who were not driven from their homes when the
* wrong ' side obtained the ascendancy.

During one of the many phases of the struggle Peters-
field was garrisoned for King Charles under the then
General in Command, Ralph, Lord Hopton. Goodyer,
like all his family, was a strong 'King's man', and his
loyalty was acknowledged by a ' Protection Order' which
was granted him by Hopton. This document of great
interest was accidentally found in 1907, concealed under
a floor-board in a dwelling-room of Goodyer's house in
the Spain in Petersfield. It runs as follows :

To all Colonells & Lewetennt-Colonells, Serjant-Maijors,
Captains & Commanders, Officers & Soldyers of his Ma*^
^ ^ army both of horse & foot And to all other his Ma*^ officers
and loving Subjects whom these may concerne.

These are in his Ma*^ name to will & command you & every and
either of you not to fayle upon all occasions to defend and protect
John Goodyer of Petersfield in the County of Southton Gent : his
house horses servants family goods chattels and estates of all sortes
from all damages disturbances & oppressions whatsoevere to the
uttermost of yo'' abillitys And that you and every of you forbeare
to grieve or molest him the sayd John Goodyer or any of his as

BOTANISTS AT MAGDALEN

aforesayd requiring hereunto yo"" due obedience as you will answere
the contrary at yo"" uttermost peril 1 Given under my hand & scale
the 9th December, 1643

Ralph Hopton.^

Of Goodyer's movements we know nothing for certain,
but it is quite likely that a State Paper in the Record Office
may refer to him. About 1649 Daniel Cusick stated
that John Goodyer was a malignant and recusant, and was
constantly resident in Oxford during the war. Having
adventured his own life in the service of the State, and
being now in the Lord General's regiment, the informer
begged his arrears out of Goodyer's estate.^

If it be true that Goodyer was 'constantly resident' in
Oxford during this troubled period, he would have found
many botanical friends with tastes congenial to his own.

Walter Stonehouse, now no longer a Fellow of Magdalen,
would not have been in residence, but he may have joined
his Oxford friends in 1648 when ejected from his Darfield
living. And there were other botanists at Magdalen to
whom the botanical uncle of Edmund Yalden, Fellow until
1642, would have needed no further introduction.

The senior of them, William Hooper, the arboriculturist,
became a Fellow in 1643. He had been ' outed ' from his
Fellowship, but was allowed a pension of ^30 per annum
and lived in one of the College houses in the Gravel Walk.
' After he had left the College he went without a gown,
and wore constantly a very long coat, like your frocks
worn by wagoners ; and applied himself to gardening with
wonderful success, digging himself with a man that he
constantly hired. He would carry his spade upon his
shoulders, and work hard every working day. He would
likewise prune, engraft, and do other things of that kind
himself. He raised several nurseries, and planted many
orchards ; but he did all for nothing, for he would never

^ Mabel E. Wotton, Hants and Sussex News, 11 April 1917.
- Calendar of Commission for Advancement of Money, p. 11 78, State Papers
Domestic^ 1 649.

JOHN GOODYER

take anything of anybody soever. It was his constant
practice to give away trees, &c. ; but then he took care it
should only be to the poor and such as were in want, not
to others. He was near fourscore years of age, a comely,
neat, proper, upright man, and beloved and respected by
all sorts of people.' He planted (c. 1660) elms in the
Gravel Walk by Magdalen College ; ^ and elms on this
site are well known all over the world as an essential
feature in what was formerly one of the most popular
views in Oxford.

In his old age he was one of the characters of Oxford,
but when Goodyer might have known him he had just
been recommended by Charles I for election to a Fellow-
ship on the ground that he had ' given ample proof of his
sober carriage, conformableness, and commendable abilities
in the way of his studies '.

Among the younger men then up at Magdalen College
were the three contemporaries Browne, Stonehouse, and
Drope. William Browne, Demy 1644, was a native of
Oxford, who became ' one of the best botanists of his time,
and had a chief hand in the composure of a book entitled,
Catalog2LS Horti Botanici Oxoiiieiisis\ 8vo. Oxon. 1658;
Walter Stonehouse, Demy 1645, was the son of Goodyer s
friend the Rev. Walter Stonehouse of Darfield, whose
garden lists are preserved among the Goodyer papers ;
and Francis Drope, Demy 1645, was a most enthusiastic
lover of trees and author of A short and sure Guide in the
practice of raising and ordering Fruit-trees. 8vo. Oxford,
1672. And, in any account of the botanists of Magdalen
of this early period, should also be mentioned the unknown
writer of marginal notes in the Bodleian copy of Lyte's
Herbal. This book was successively in the possession of

^ Hearne, Diary. According to one account Hooper's Elms were replaced
by others in 1680, but, be that as it may, the Gravel Walk elms, after forming
for more than two hundred years an incomparably beautiful setting to the grey
stone architecture of the Great Tower of Magdalen, were wantonly felled before
their time in 1916, when many who would have advocated their retention were
away at the War.

CIVIL WAR

a Thomas Gill and of a John Herbert, 1619. The writer
of the notes was almost certainly a Magdalen man who
had studied at Padua.

At this time Goodyer may have made the acquaintance
of Dr. Philip Stephens, Principal of Magdalen Hall and
collaborator with Browne, and of William How who came
up as a Commoner to St. John's College in 1637, and took
his Master's degree in 1645.

Goodyer's other friend Dr. Merrett, the author of the
Pinax rerum Naturalium Britanniatm, had been a student
both of Gloucester Hall (1631) and of Oriel College
(1633-4). He was created a Doctor of Physic in 1642,
and afterwards became one of the original Fellows of the
Royal Society. At New College was William Cole, the
future author of Adam in Eden ; and Jacob Bobart was
gradually forming the first University collection of plants
in the new Physic Garden, the catalogue of which he
published in 1648.

And yet Oxford was in the very midst of troubles.
At the end of 1642 the Royalists gathered round the King
at Oxford, students and citizens alike worked together on
the fortifications and barricades : the College plate was
being surrendered to the minters : fighting in the neighbour-
hood was incessant. Goodyer's friend, Thomas Johnson,
appears to have been in Oxford on 9 May 1643 to receive
the D.Ph. degree, but he must have left soon afterwards,
for he is heard of as a Colonel of Horse and one of
the defenders of Basing House, which was being strongl)^
fortified by the Marquis of Winchester. And it was there
that he met his death in September 1644, fighting for the
King. The Royalists were defeated at Alton and Cheriton.
Winchester was taken by Cromwell in October 1645, and
the King became a fugitive. What followed is matter of
history. On Midsummer Day, 24 June 1646, the Royalist
garrison of Oxford, 3,000 strong, ' marched out of the town
through a guard of the enemy extending from St. Clement's
to Shotover Hill'.

JOHN GOODYER

In 1648-9 the Parliamentarian Visitors, after many
delays, expelled all from the University who did not
submit to their visitation, including young Stonehouse and
Drope. The latter answered ' I cannot submit for fear of
perjury '.

1651

After the Civil War Goodyer was unquestionably the
best botanist in England. Parkinson had died in 1650;
and, until Morison returned in 1660 and Ray had reached
his full development, there was no one to approach him
in knowledge of our native plants or of the whole range of
botanical literature.

The high reputation that he had acquired naturally
brought him visitors and correspondence. Elias Ashmole,
the antiquary, had not long ' entred upon the Study of
Plants'. A note in his diary is to the effect that 6 June
1648 'about three of the clock was the first time I went
a Simpling. Dr. Canter of Reading and Mr. Watlington^
an apothecary there, accompanying me '. And on * 19 Oct.
165 1 my Father, Backhouse,^ and I went to see Mr.
Goodier, the great botanist, at Petersfield '. Unfortunately
we have no further account of the visit, but possibly
Ashmole's recent experiences of the virtues of Bryony may
have formed part of the conversation. He had fallen ill of
a surfeit occasioned by drinking water after venison at the
Astrologer s Feast in London. ' I was he wrote, ' greatly
oppressed in my stomach ; and next day Mr. Saunders the
astrologian, sent me a piece of bryony root to hold in my
hand, and within a quarter of an hour my stomach was
freed of that great oppression, which nothing which I took
from Dr. Wharton could do before.' It is characteristic
of the writings of Goodyer that no hint of this kind of
quackery appears. He was evidently able to put Ashmole

^ John Watlington, buried 2 October 1659.

2 Mr. William Backhouse, astrologer of Swallowfield in Berkshire, had com-
municated so many secrets to Ashmole that he caused his pupil to call him
' Father' (Ashmole, Diary, 3 April 1651).

ASHMOLE'S VISIT

on sounder lines of thought ; for after this visit Ashmole
' took a journey into the Peake, in search of plants and
other curiosities " ; and as there is no entry between the 1 5th
and the 29th of October of this year in the notebook,^ in
which he usually cast his horoscopes, we may assume that
he was not encouraged to foretell Goodyer's future by the
stars.

1652-6

The books printed in Oxford during the next few years
bear witness to the pleasure and profit that many were
deriving from their gardens. And in illustration we may
cite the works of Ralph Austen on Fruit Trees, various
editions of which were published in Oxford in 1653, 1657,
1658, and 1665, of John Beale whose Treatise on Frin^
Trees shewing their ma7iner of Grafting, Priming, and
Ordering, of Cyder and Perry, of Vineyards in E7ig-
land, &c., appeared in Oxford in 1653, and of Robert Shar-
rock, Fellow of New College,^ whose History of the Pro-
pagation and Improvement of Vegetables, by the Co7icurrence
of Art and Nature, 8vo. Oxford, 1660. These works
show the natural tendency of the time, a utilitarian
tendency that our recent experiences towards the end of
the Great War will teach us to connect with the troubles
of the forties of the seventeenth century.

During the last ten years of his life Goodyer's occupations
appear to become more and more sedentary, When a man
is over sixty years of age, he must perforce leave the
searching for new plants to the young and active. John
Goodyer now devoted himself to his books. The dated
entries in the covers of his volumes show that he kept in
the closest touch with the London booksellers ; indeed, in
some cases he appears to have secured a work in advance
of the day of publication. Some of his books he pro-

^ MS. Ashmole, 374, which contains the horoscope of John Tradescant, the
younger.

^ Sharrock gave several medical books, with his autograph, to New College
Library. They are still, we are glad to. think, on the shelves : among others
a copy of Lower, de Cofde.

G 2

JOHN GOODYER

cured through Dr. How, some through Dr. Dale, and they
came down to Petersfield by carrier, or in the trunk of
Mrs. Heath, presumably the wife of his friend and neigh-
bour the Rev. John Heath.

He was now closely associated with a botanist in the
work of preparing a list and a synonymy of all known
British plants, incorporating and extending the lists drawn
on by How. The greater part of the labour of this work
fell on a collaborator who had access to Goodyer s books
and made notes in them : his name is not known to us for
certain, but we have his manuscript. The evidence all
tends to identify him with the Dr. Dale just mentioned,
but the matter will be again discussed below, p. 295.

This last period of his life is also marked by a literary
labour that remains a record which to this day has never
been broken. It was the writing out of the Greek text
of the Materia Medica of Dioscorides, and the rendering
it into English. Goodyer therefore accomplished in the
case of Dioscorides a work which not one of the tens
of thousands of Greek scholars who have lived before
or during the past three centuries have been known to
have attempted, a worthy sequel to his translation of
Theophrastus.

And neither Theophrastus nor Dioscorides can be con-
sidered as of no import. Of Matthiolus' Commentaries
on Dioscorides alone thirty-two thousand copies were sold
before 1561, and it passed through seventeen editions.
His works have been translated into almost every civilized
language, except English, and there is no separate article
on Dioscorides in our national Encyclopaedia.

The interlinear translation of Dioscorides fills six quarto
volumes of 4,540 pages in all. It is most clearly written,
the Greek text being easier to read in Goodyer's manu-
script than in the 1499 edition, printed at the Aldine Press
at Venice, Goodyer's copy of which has now been restored
to its proper place among his books in the Magdalen
Library.

xoyt

■J /

4^ tl(2 :fc^ A^^^ t/J,>«os^.^iyjft^'«,

47=

lei* v^^^a;^ ^-^

GOODYKR'S INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION OF DIOSCORIDES

TRANSLATION OF DIOSCORIDES 85

Every page bears evidence to his neat and methodical
habits. At the beginning and end of every volume he
wrote the dates of the beginning and end of his labours,
and also of the time that was spent on reading over and
revision. The entries are of interest because they show
the speed with which the work was accomplished.

Greek.
29 Aug. 1655 ho. 2. p.

Vol.

10 a.

Pages. English.

I. 1-728 27 Apr. 1652 h.

^I- 733~ 28 Marcii 1653 13 Nov. 1655

1470 18 Aug. 1653 18 Jan. 1655

III. 1471- 18 Aug. 1653 21 Jan. 1655 Exam.
2070 3 Martii 1653 i Feb. 1655 Exam.

IV. 2071- 3 Marcii 1653 4 Feb. 1655 Exam.
2658 20 Junii 1654 14 Feb. 1655 Exam.

V. 2659- 20 Junii 1654 15 Feb. 1655 Exam.

3174 31 Aug. 1654 21 Feb. 1655 Exam.

VI. 3497- 2 Nov. 1654 4 Marcii 1655 Exam.

4540 29 Aug. 1655 17 Marcii 1655 Exam.

Other entries show that he paid an assistant, probably

as a reader :

Vol. II. ' Receaved of Mr. John Goodyeere, upon

this 28 of March 1653 • • 20^

And 18 of Januarie 1655 . .158'

IV. ' 3 March 1653 . . £200

20 Junij 1654 . . £0100'

V. ' 20 Junij 1654 . . £100

4 Sept. 1654 . . £0100'

VI. ' 10 Martii 1654 paid . . . 20^

29 Aug. 1655 paid . . . 20S '

In Vol. V there is an entry for ' 3^ binedinge' on
14 September 1654, and in the last volume is written :

. ' 22 Sept. 1655 cariage upp and doone
the bindinge '

A few notes on a duplicate page (p. 2071, MS. f. 17) of
the fourth volume, written on 3 March 1653, show that
he was acquainted with at least eighteen editions of
Dioscorides dated ' 1499 gr., 1500 gr., 1506 gr., 15 12 padua-
nensis, 1518 gr., 1529 gr., 1529 Herm. Barb., 1549 Gualt.
Riffe, 1549 gr.-lat., 1552 Ruellius, 1552 Lacuna, 1554 lat.
Mat, 1557 Jan Cornarius, 1558 Amatus Lusitanus, 1566
french, 1581 Alphabeticum Empyricum, 1591 Antonini
Pasini, 1598 gr.-lat. Saracen.' There is also a note that

JOHN GOODYER

Theodorus Gaza translated Theophrastus from Greek into
Latin and dedicated it to Pope Nicolas : a calculation
shows that Nicolas was pope from 1447 to 1455 ^^^^
that Gaza died in 1478. But of still greater interest are
the words :

Lodvves iad Johes iaO 1 obolon

which evidently refer to Goodyer s coadjutor John Heath,
who will be mentioned again presently, and to whom we
believe that the payments just recorded were made.

Had Goodyer wished for a Preface to his translation
he might well have used the words of his senior, Henry
Lyte :

* If perchaunce any list to picke a quarrell to my translation, as
not being either proper or not ful, if I may obteine of him to beare
with me til he himselfe shall have set foorthe a better . . . and in the
meane while (considering that it is easier to reprehend a mans doing
than to amend it) use me as a whetstone to further himselfe withal,
I will not much strive : for I seeke not after vayne glorie, but rather
how to benefite and profite my countrie.'

In March he continued his studies in the botany of the
ancients by translating, doubtless with the help of John
Heath, the work of one of the principal commentators
on Dioscorides, the Scholia or A^iimadversions upon the
5 Bookes of Dioscorides of Physicall matter and tipon his
two Bookes of Poisons, of Antonius Saracenus of Lyons,
* In which y^ severall readings of divers Bookes are exa-
mined, y^ different opinions of y^ old or new propounded,
and some tymes reconciled, and y^ most corrupt, obscure,
and difficult places of y^ Author himself, restored, illus-
trated, and unfolded

Goodyer, with his usual punctiliousness, noted that the
translation was begun on 20 March 1655 at 11 a.m.

Saracen's dedication is * To Henry y^ 4th y^ most
Christian King of France and Navarre ' and is dated * y^
Calends of March 1 598 '. This is followed by the Intro-
duction, which is worth quoting as an example of the
literary style of the time.

SARACEN

To the Gentle Reader
Salutatioti.

Thou willt wonder, it may be (Gentle Reader) how it should
come into my minde, y' I should sett about a new interpretation
of Dioscorides, especially since y^ soe many famous men, renowned
for Eloquence, learning and iudgement, as Hermol. Barbarus, Marc.
Virgilius, Janus Cornarius, & Jo. Ruellius, have long since with
great contention & aemulation taken abundant if not overabundant
paines in translating him, & have donne well herein to their great
commendations. But you will then leave off to wonder, when you
shall have understood by what reasons I was induced, or drawen
heereunto. Dr. Jo. Sambucus of godly memorie the Emperours
Physition & Historiographer had formerly often importuned by
letters Henry Steevens, Printer, a man most skillful of y^ twoe
tongues both Greek and Latin, to sett out in print y"" Greek &
Latin text of Dioscorides with y^ most elegant letters of y^ King's
stampe, & y' hee should add to y^ Margent thereof his notes, sent
over a little before, or rather y^ divers readings upon y^ Author,
gathered by him with great labour, by a faithfull & diligent com-
paring of divers antient bookes found in y^ severall Libraries of
Princes. But while Steevens did prepare himself to goe about
this worck, hee was minded to place Ruellius his Translation
(which hee did, and not without cause, prefur before the rest) right
over against the Greek text, but hee found it to be, as indeed it is,
a little too free in many places, that y^ Latin did not sufficiently
aunsere to the Greeke : therefore for y® acquaintance sake y^ did
passe between him & mee, hee did intreat you & overintreate mee,
y^ I would take a diligent review of it, & sett downe in the margent
y^ correction of all y^ places in which Ruellius, either following
some corrupted copie, or else by his beeing too much addicted to
Plinie, as for y^ most part hee is, did not sufficiently expresse y®
sence of Dioscorides, nor y^ force of his wordes. But I had scarce
compared a few of the first leaves, when being as it were deterred
with y^ difficultie of soe most grievous a burthen, I was compelled
to decline from my first resolution, & to change my minde. For
I mett forther (under favour be it spoken) with soe m.any places
worthy of censure, & animadversion, y^ partly to avoide y^ hatefull
labour, & partly to avoide y^ envie, 81 offence of them, which might
have suspected mee to be too injurious against Ruellius his ghost,
I thought it better to sett out a new translation, then to correct an
others. In which I may truely say, y^ I have performed y^ part,

JOHN GOODYER

not of a Paraphrast, but an Interpreter, as whoe, as much as lay in
mee, have not departed a nailes breadth from Dioscorides his mean-
ing, and yet withall have stuck close to y^ puritie of Plinie's style.
But I had rather they should judge of this, which shall faithfully
compare mine with their translations. Howsoever it be, I had
allmost made an end of y^ worck, when behold Sambucus an
earnest prosecutor heereof was taken away from us by untimely
death. Then Steevens began to be, as it were, faint hearted in y^
businesse, yea & although many others were urgent upon y^
worck, to knit many delaies, and to put it off from day to day,
either by his due employments, whereby he was some tymes
diversly distracted or for y® travellings, which befell him often in
y^ meane space, & were allmost continuall soe y' he could not
performe his promise nor be as good as his word. And soe it came
to passe that these my Elucubrations upon Dioscorides lay con-
cealed in my desk for many yeares. This then, when y^ heyres
of Andrew Wecher did understand, being most studious of helping
on learning & did withall desire to satisfie y^ wishes & expectations
of some good men, at last they obtained this of mee y^ I should
suffer them to be brought out into y*" sight & view of men. These
are (y^ I may once say it) y^ causes of this worcke intended, & also
of the suppressing of it soe long unto this tyme.

As concerning y^ Greek text, wee have laboured, y' as farre as
might be, it should be restored to its old splendor. For although
wee have relligiously followed y^ Parisian edition of y^ most learned
Goupylus, as y^ most sound, & best amended of any that are
extant, yet wee have, as much as might be, taken away y^ faults
of y^ print, which were yet remaining. But what passages, both
y^ matter it self, & y^ certaine faith & authoritie of y^ Copies,
whether printed, or manuscript, did persuade to be changed, those
wee have boldly changed. Yet wee have noe where yielded soe
much to our owne or others conjectures, that wee have dared to doe
anything without y^ Creditt of y^ better bookes, being contented
only to note them with an interlineary Asterisck, which should
direct thee y^ Reader to our Notes. But if, which yet falls out
but seldome, wee found some places, soe corrupted & depraved, y^
there could noe sence be made of them, and yet there was no place
for any Remedie either out of conjecture, or out of y^ footsteps of
antient readings, there wee have marcked y^ margent with an
Asterisck. But y^ divers readings, both of the most renowned man
Dr. Sambucus, as also of others drawne out here & there upon
Dioscorides. For both y^ same Dr. Steevens communicated some

JOHN HEATH

unto us, & D. Opsopoeus some by comparing of Palatine copies,
these, I say, and y^ without choice, I have thought fitt to set upon
y^ margent, y^ it might be free for every man to judge of them,
and withall some Animadversions & Corrections of Interpreters,
adding still y^ names of everie one out of whom wee tooke them, y^
wee might not seem to defraud any one of his desert. But wee
have placed our own notes at y^ end of y^' worck, in which for the
most part, there is a reason given of our different interpretation
from others, as also there are sett downe our divers conjectures
upon Dioscorides. And also you may finde many thinges inci-
dently, as it were by y^ way, noted upon divers Authors, but
especially upon Theophrastus & Plinie, as they came under mine
hand.

Finally wee doe propose, velut, e7rt/i/eVp^, i. by way of
Additament, the severall, & discrepant opinions, whether of y^ old
or new writers concerning Medicinall Matter, & some tymes wee
reconcile them, & besides, wee endeavour to resolve & cleare many
doubts which wee met with everie where. But yet I would have
you to understand, y*^ I did chiefly cavell heereat with all my
labour, y* I might restore, illustrate, & explaine y^ most corrupted,
obscure, & difficult places of Dioscorides himself. And soe you
have been given to understand (Gentle Reader) what thinges have
been performed by us in this Edition, out of which if I shall percieve,
y' you have got any fruit, it will encourage mee peradventure to
divulge other more great & more profitable matters.
In the meane space, Farewell.

[Goodyer MS. 6*, ff. 5-8
The text of the work is written out on pp. 13-292 of the
MS., which ends abruptly with Book 4, chap. 61, the last
line being dated '2 Octob. 1656', and then follows an
ominous note, which evidently refers to his collaborator.
'Johannes Heath Clericus obijt 25*° die Novembris 1656.'
This must have been Goodyer s neighbour, the Rev.
John Heath, who was presented by the Earl of Worcester
to the rectory of Clanfield,^ in or soon after 161 7. He
may have been the John Heath who came up to Christ
Church as a Westminster Student in 1607, and who
matriculated in 16 10 aged 19.^

^ Clanfield is about three miles south-west of Buriton, and six from Petersfield.
^ Foster, Alu7)ini Oxoti.

JOHN GOODYER

In 1654 we have evidence of the return of Goodyer to
his old love, field botany. There is the short note

* Behen album . . . Rotherwort 5 Maij 1654'.

And there is an interesting description of a station where
* Dryopteris Tragi' used to be found.^

* It growes on a bottome called Rogers Deane in y^ parish of
Faringdon in Hampshire^ about a mile and halfe from y^ church,
a furlong from one John Trybes dwelling-house on y^ north-east
part of y^ house about 2 miles from Alton above a mile north-east
from Dogford Wood. Great antient beeches kept y^ sunne from
shining on y*^ Plants. Anno 1654 many of those trees* were cut
downe. The Plants y^ sunne shoane on y^ summer 54 were short
y^ leaves growing on short stemms neere y^ earth, as Tabernae-
mont pictureth it., pag. 501, tom. 2, under y^ title oi Filicula petraea
fern. 3. Those y* grew under y^ trees were much higher agreable
to Tragus' figure pag. 538.'

In the beginning of August 1654 he recorded a new
Crane's bill (Geranmm cohimdimcm) in his native county.^
The Rubia sylvestris described by him on 12 August
1655, it Wild Madder (R. peregrina L.), is of

historical interest because of its having been one of the
first Hampshire plants to be recorded by our first botanist.
William Turner, more than a century previously, wrote of
it, ' The most that ever I saw is in the Isle of Wight, but the
fairest and greatest that ever I saw groweth in the lane
besyde Wynchester, in the way to Southampton '. It is
now very rare on the mainland, but that is where Goodyer
may have found it.

His botanical labours in the field were almost done. We
only note two occasions in the last ten years of his life on
which he may possibly have left home and herborized.

Again, the summer of 1656 he found the Marsh
Isnardia (Liidwigia apetala Walter), ' Holosteum perpusil-
lum which he had previously observed near Holburie

^ In Goodyer MS. 9, under Pin. 358, there is a note 'Dryopteris Tragi,
17 Aug. 1650, J. G. first saw it'.

^ Morison, in ignorance of Goodyer's discovery, attributed this species to
Jacob Bobart in 1680. The plant should be called Goodyer' s long cut Crane's
bill rather than ' Bobarts long cut Crane's bill '.

A NEW BRITISH FLORA

in the New Forest, growing in a little lake in the east
part of a heath near Petersfield, ' The water of this lake
this 2 of June 1656 about 4 of clocke in afternoone
was well neere as warme as y^ Bath-water at Bath in
Summersetshire although y® day was cloudy*. ' In a hott
summer some parts of y^ lake are drie in August, some-
times before, and then the plant, which had been green, all
the winter under water, flowered Immediately recognizing
the novelty of the plant, he described it as ' Anonymos
aquatica rubida, foliis Anagallidis flore luteo

1657-9

In June 1657 he described what appears to be our
Smooth Tare [Vicia tetraspermd)^ but as no locality is
stated, we cannot claim his note as being the first evidence
for the occurrence of this plant in Hampshire.

The following information on a scrap of paper was sent
him by an acquaintance :

5° March 1657

At Judge Rumseys 3 miles from Abergevenny croweth the Sweet
Willowe, as I remember the plant I saw, was called

Robert Baskett.
To this a note is added in Goodyer's hand :
9° Apr. 1658 — Judge Rumsey lives in Glamorganshire by the rela-
tion of Gryffin Morgan of Malmesbury, a glasse carrier. [MS. f. 147

But though able to move about in his own county, where
he found the alien Xanthium Strumarium in 1659 (his last
recorded find), we imagine that he now felt himself too old
to herborize in Wales.

But the record would have been valued by him as an
addition to" the last work on which he is known to have
been engaged, the compilation of a new British Flora.
How's Phytologia Britannica, published in 1650, was very
imperfect, as any first attempt at so comprehensive a work
is bound to be, and no one would have been in a better
position to recognize its many errors and deficiencies than

JOHN GOODYER

Goodyer, nor more ready to remedy them. Our informa-
tion comes through Edward Morgan, the ' very skilful
botanist' of Westminster, who was in close touch with
what was going on in the botanical world. He told John
Ward in 1662 that Dr. Dale, Dr. Merrett, and Mr. Goodyer,
' next Dr. Modesy, the best botanists of their age in
London, were about a new phytologia 3 or 4 years agoe
but that ' Dr. Modeseye's coming to towne, itt's thought,
hindered itt '. Elsewhere Ward ^ also noted that ' Dr. Dale
and another had a designe to amend y^ phytologia
Brittanica to adde somewhat and take out somewhat
This contemporary account is of the greatest interest to
us, because it explains the presence of certain excellent
catalogues of British plants among the Goodyer manu-
scripts (Goodyer MS. 8, 9, see p. 296), and it also explains
why they were never printed. I have not as yet found
any clue to the handwriting, but I strongly suspect it to be
that of Doctor John Dale, and the 'another' to have been
Goodyer himself The case will be again considered in
our note on Dr. Dale, and in the light of his Will which
I have recently discovered at Somerset House.

The 30 April 1659 must have been a red-letter
day, for he then received the interleaved and annotated
copy of the Phytologia to which reference has so often
been made, and possibly with it the Lobel manuscripts
which are described in a later chapter. Their late owner
and part editor. Dr. How, died 30 August 1656.

The greater number of manuscript notes in the Phyto-
logia are in How's handwriting: they include information
received from William Browne of Magdalen College and
from John Goodyer, obviously between 1650 and 1656.
Goodyer after acquiring the volume wrote in it the notes
on seven plants, printed on p. 194, including his last
dated record of a plant, the Common Ragwort (Senecio
Jacobaea L.) from Ladle Hill (1659).

^ Ward also noted that ' Mr. Goodyer is good at Insects as well as
plants.'

PRACTICE AS A PHYSICIAN

1662-4

The last specimen of his handwriting, which we have,
was written when he was seventy years of age. His hand
was evidently very shaky. It is a receipt for a Resin
ointment similar to that in use until recently in the British
Pharmacopoeia.
20 Mar. 1662

Rosen that is blackish
Fresh lard a wallnutt
Crowne sope a wallnutt

Boil till it sets clere (?) H . . and keepe stirringe.

[MS. f. 16

Then follows, in a steadier hand, ^ Mar. 22. John Neale
in Lippock, the howse is called Gurmes, hadd a third
Ague, and hath lost him about a moneth, and now hath
a great cough '.

Another note on the same paper is ominous :

Goute

' The Line of Selborne • Scurvie

Dropsie.'

These notes supply the clue to the occupation of his
declining years. He was evidently applying his great
knowledge of simples to the good of ailing neighbours.
The latest medical works were sent him, as soon as they
were printed, by his London bookseller, who evidently had
a standing order to secure the sheets direct from the press.
Thus he acquired Culpeper's English Physician, Pemel
on Simples and on the Diseases of Children, Cole's Art of
Simpling, Cooke's two works on Chirurgery (containing
the ' Marrow of many good authors on the art of
Chyrurgery '), Coghan's Haven of Health, and Muffet's
Health! s Improvement ; or rules comprizing and discovering
the nature, method and manner of prepari7ig all sorts of
food used in this nation. But the most striking confirma-
tion of his practising I found in the single word ' phisicke
with a blank space in front of it, which occurs after his
name in the opening sentence, written within a few months

JOHN GOODYER

of his death, in the Book of Accounts kept by the Trustees
of the Weston Charity in Petersfield.

Obviously he was well known as a physician, but the
writer left a blank as if in doubt whether to style him
* Doctor of Physic ' — probably because he held no such degree,
qualification, or licence at all. Moreover, his charitable
disposition would have led to doctoring without fees.

His great friend and neighbour, Dr. John Dale, died in
May 1662, having appointed Goodyer one of the overseers
of his will, but we do not know whether he was able to act.

The exact day of John Goodyer's death is uncertain, but
his will is dated 22 April 1664, and was proved 9 May
1664 by the executor, the Rev. Edmond Yalden.^ He is
now described as of Weston, in the parish of Buriton,
CO. Southampton.

IN THE NAME OF GOD AMEN I John Goodyer of
Weston in the Parish of Buriton in the County of Southampton
Gentleman being sick and weak in body but of good and perfect
mind and memory thanks be given to God therefor revoking all
former Wills by me made do this two and twentieth day of April
in the sixteenth year ^ of the reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles
the Second by the grace of God of England Scotland France and
Ireland King Defender of the Faith &c and in the year of our Lord
1664 make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner
and form following (that is to say)

First I bequeath my soul into the hands of Almighty God Jesus
Christ my only Saviour and Redeemer hoping assuredly by his
mercies and merits to receive pardon and remission of all my sins
and to enjoy life everlasting And my body to the earth from
whence it was taken decently to be buried by my Executor here-
after named in the Church yard of Buriton aforesaid near my late
wife and as for such worldly goods and estate as it hath pleased
God of his goodness to bestow on me I give and dispose thereof
as foUoweth Item t give to the poor people of the Tything of
Weston aforesaid twenty shillings to be distributed with-in a month
after my decease at .'-.he discretion of my Executor hereafter named

^ Archdeaconry Court of Winchester Register, 1660-6, fol. 564.

^ That the beginning of the reign is reckoned not from the Restoration in
1660, but from the execution of Charles I in 1649, is a further indication that
John Goodyer belonged to the Royalist party.

WILL

I give and devise unto my honoured friend Leonard Bilson Esq
and my Nephew Edmund Yalden in the County of Surrey Clerk
and to their heirs and assigns for ever all my messuage dwelling-
house together with all the barns stables outhouses and buildings
and all the gardens and orchards thereunto belonging situate in
Weston aforesaid wherein I now live and in my possession and
likewise all those lands in Weston aforesaid called Halfpenny Land
now in the possession of Thomas Jacques together "with free liberty
to water and overflow the said lands as it now and heretofore hath
been used for the best improvement thereof to the intent and
purpose that they the said Leonard Bilson and Edmund Yalden
and the Survivor of them their heirs and assigns shall grant and
convey all the said messuage lands and premises with the ap-
purtenances unto six able honest and sufficient persons their heirs
and assigns as they or the Survivor of them shall think fit Upon
trust and confidence and to the intent and purpose that all the
yearly rents issues and profits of the said messuage lands and
premises shall be employed and disposed of for ever hereafter for
the putting forth and placing abroad of all such poor children of
the Tything of Weston aforesaid and the overplus thereof shall be
distributed unto the poorest inhabitants of the said Tything of
Weston aforesaid as my said Trustees and their assigns shall think
fit and if any or either of my said Trustees shall die then the
Survivors of them shall convey the premises aforesaid unto the
use intents and purposes and upon the trust aforesaid all the rest
of my messuages lands tenements meadows and hereditaments
whatsoever in Weston aforesaid I give and devise unto my said
Nephew Edmund Yalden his heirs and assigns for ever Item I give
and bequeath unto the said Leonard Bilson, Osmund Bilson Gentle-
man, William Bilson Gentleman five pounds a piece to buy each
of them a piece of plate Item I give and bequeath unto all the
children that shall live unto the age of one and twenty years of
Anne Worlidge Widow the sum of Forty pounds of lawful money
of England equally to be divided betwixt them at their several
and respective ages of one and twenty years and to such of them
as shall be of the age of one and twenty years at my decease to be
paid unto them within three months after my decease. Item I give
unto my servant Mary Blackman the sum of twenty shillings all
the rest of my goods chattels household stuff and personal estate
whatsoever my debts legacies and funeral expenses being first
satisfied paid and discharged except all my books de plantis which
I do give and bequeath to Magdalen College in Oxon to be kept

JOHN GOODYER

entirely in the library of the said College for the use of the said
College unto my said Nephew Edmund Yalden whom I make sole
Executor of this my last Will and Testament. IN WITNESS
whereof to this my last Will and Testament contained in three
sheets of paper together with this being fixed together I have set
my seal subscribed my name the day and year above written
JOHN GOODYER. Signed sealed and published as the last
Will and Testament of the above named John Goodyer in the
presence of Arch. Bold, Osmund Bilson,^ John Westbrook, Richard
Goddin, John Winter, William Gammon.

MEMORANDUM that immediately after the signing and sealing
and before the publication hereof the above named John Goodyer
did declare that his Will was that Susan the daughter of Thomas
James should have and enjoy the lease of the houses he holdeth of
the Dean and Chapter of Winton during all his term therein and
likewise did give unto John Westbrook Gentleman his book of
Chirurgery called Ambrose Barry ^ in the presence of Arch. Bold,
Osmund Bilson, William Gammon.

The books came to Magdalen College soon after his
death, but some of the manuscripts may have been a year
or two later in coming, for Edmund Yalden lent his uncle's
descriptions of plants to Dr. Christopher Merret to be used
in his ' Pinax' in 1666. The loan is duly acknowledged
by Merret in his preface, but by a mistake he refers to
Edmund Yalden as Mr. Yalden Goodyer, evidently
believing him to have taken the family name on suc-
ceeding to his uncle's property. This was certainly not
the case.

He was buried, as he directed in his will, in * the
Churchyard of Buriton near his late wife '. No stone
marks the spot, and when Canon Vaughan wrote his
charming account of him in 1909,^ no memorial com-
memorated his benefactions to the parish. Through the
devotion of Miss Mabel Wotton a sum of money, towards
which Magdalen College contributed five pounds, was col-

^ Sir Thomas Bilson had four sons and two daughters : i. Thomas Bilson
m. Edith da. of Peter Bettesworth of Finning, co. Sussex ; 2. Leonard B. m.
Eleanor da. of Sir W. Lewis, Kt. ; 3. Osmund B.; 4. William B. ; 5. Anna;
6. Susanna. (Information from Charles Billson, Esq.)

^ Parey. ^ J. Vaughan, Cornhill, 1909.

WESTON CHARITY

lected and an armorial window to his memory was put up
in Buriton Church. Under the Goodyer arms is the in-
scription 'To the Glory of God and in Memory of John
Goodyer of Alton, Mapledurham, Petersfield, 1 592-1664,
Royalist, Botanist, Founder of Goodyer Charity, Weston
A water-colour drawing of the window by Mrs. Davis has
been hung near his books in the Magdalen Library.

The property which he left for the benefit of the poor of
Weston, has already been described in his will. The way
in which his Trustees set out to administer the Trust is
shown in their first Account Book which we had the
pleasure of consulting through the kindness of Mr. Burley,
the solicitor to the Trust. The first entries of receipts and
payments give some idea of the initial value of the legacy.

A Booke of Receipt and Disbursements of the issues and profitts
of the house and lands in Weston late Mr. John Goodyers, \a blank
space'\ phisicke, And by his last Will and Testament settled upon
two Trustees viz. Leonard Bilson Esq and Edmund Yalden, Clarke,
to the end that they should nominate six able persons and Convey
the said house and lands to them or ffeoffees in trust for the pro-
lating and puttinge forth apprentices of y^ Children of the poorer
sort of Inhabitants within the said Tithinge of Weston accordinge
to the true intent and purport of the said last Will and Testament.
In pursuance whereof they, the said Leonard Bilson and Edmund
Yalden have nominated, and by their deed bearinge date the 11*^
day of June in the sixteenth yeare of the Raigne of King Charles
the second, have Conveyed the said house & lands unto these six
persons foUowinge viz. :

William Bilson, gent- Henry Voake, yeoman.

John James, gent. Jacob Voake, yeoman.

John Bold, gent. Robert Cox, yeoman.

The first Receipts.
1664

12 Julii Rec** of John Girdler for a bushell and an

halfe of apples . . . . . 00 02 3
Rec'^ of Will'" Budde for a parcell of faggotts 00 01 8
12 Aug. Rec. of John Girdler for 3 halfe bushell one
gallon of apples & one gallon of peares
& 3 halfe bushells . . . . . 00 6 3
23 Sept. ditto ditto for apples 00 4 o

JOHN GOODYER

15 Oct. Rec. of Mr. Jaques for halfe a yeares rent
of halpenney lands ending at Michael-
mas, last past 7100

1665

14 Apr. Rec. of Mr. Bettesworth for his halfe yeares

rent ending att Lady day last past (abat-
inge nine shillings for Chimney money
before hee came to the house . . 4 1 1 o

The first Payments.
1664

24 June Imprimis to Will. Cox and Robert Tribe

for mending the garden hedge . . 00 00 9

13 Julii To Will. Cox and Robert Tribe for scour-

inge the river . . . . . 00 02 4

15 Oct. Paid att the Trustees first meeting to lett

the lands the expenses of the house in
fire, beare, & tobacco . . . . 00 05 o
30 Dec. Paid John Gamons Bill for repairinge the

glasse windowes of the house . . 00 10 o

1666

30 March Paid Doctor Gunter for losse of time in

cominge over for a witnesse . . . 00 10 o

His 'large house' was afterwards sold for over 1,000,
the proceeds of which, invested in Consols, together with
the rent of the land, bring in an annual income of some
;^75, which is a source of considerable benefit to the parish.
Part of this sum is yearly expended in gifts of money and
clothing, part in making allowances by way of encourage-
ment to servant girls, and part in apprenticing the young
lads of the tithing. The people of Buriton have, indeed,
much cause for gratitude towards the good botanist of Peters-
field, whose very name is now forgotten in the village.

His memorial in modern scientific botany is the customary
one of a genus named in his honour. But unfortunately
his name has been somewhat inappropriately connected with
a rare Orchid, Goodyera repens, that is found in certain fir-
woods in Cumberland and Scotland, but which could never
have lived, where it was thought that he might have found
it, in the 'moist meadow named Wood-mead, neere the
path leading from Petersfield towards Beryton '. There
Goodyer was acquainted with an orchid which he knew by

GOODYERA

the name of ' Palma Christi radice repente ' or ' Creeping
Satyrion ', and which we should now call the Marsh Helle-
borine or Epipactis palustris. Robert Brown, who gave
the name Goodyera to the northern genus in honour of our
Hampshire botanist, was misled by Johnson, who in error
had attached a figure of Goodyera repens to the text
relating to the Marsh Helleborine. It is somewhat un-
fortunate that by a triple error his name should have been
attached to a plant which in all probability he could never
have seen, but that is only one of the many chance circum-
stances which have led to the passing from memory of the
services of ' an incomparable botanist, of sound judgement,
and of immense industry

C5 Uwy iW-. V 1»titA^

I '

Ocymoides sempervirens A Fe?'n

Drawings by Goodyer

H 2

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS BY JOHN
GOODYER

These descriptions of plants are for the most part the
earliest that are extant in the English language. They
are now printed for the first time from Goodyer's original
manuscripts, with others reprinted from passages con-
tributed to the second or emaculate edition of Gerard's
Herbal, printed in 1633.

In the following Table the extent of Goodyer's botanical
labours is indicated by differences in the type.

Table of Names with Modern Equivalents, grouped in
Natural Orders.

Capital letters indicate plants of which descriptions are extant.
Small letters indicate plants of which no descriptions are extant.
Roman type indicates English plants.
Italic type indicates Foreign and Garden plants.

B, H, s, w, &c., denote Record or First Mention y^r Britain or for the Counties of Yi?ctii^.

Sussex, or Wilts,, &c.
Gardens are denoted by the names of their owners.

Goodyer frequently quotes more than one name of a plant : in such cases we have
only printed one for reasons of economy of space. Determinations for which I have had
the advantage of the experience of Dr. Daydon Jackson, Mr. Britten, and Dr. Stapf are
marked with j., B., and s. respectively.

Modern Name. Locality. Goodyer's Name. PAGE .

Ranunculaceae.

Ranunculus Ficaria L. Chelidonium minus. 115

„ Flammula L. Ranunculus flammeus aquatilis

angustifolius. 69

Adonis autumnalis L. Adonis. 136

NIGELLA DAMASCENA L. Nigella multiplex. 152

„ HISPANICA h.[^roh.). Spain „ elegans. 153

Papaveraceae.

Papaver hybridic7n h. {])Oss\h\y). Argemone Pavio. 155

Papaver Argemone, L. Durford S Argemone capitulo longiore. 178

„ Rhoeas, ^ seti^erzem V>otnn. {].) Spain Papaver Rhoeas Baeticum. 155

HYPECOUM PROCUMBENS L. Coys Hypecoon Clusii. 129

Fumariaceae.

Corydalis claviculata DC. Southsea H Fumaria claviculis donata. 47

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

lOI

Modern Name.
Cruciferae.
Sisymbrium Alliaria Scop.

„ Irio L.
Nasturtium sylvestre R. Br.
Cardamine impatiens L.
Dentaria bulbifera L.
SINAPIS ALBA L. ?
Brassica Sinapistrum Boiss.
Draba sp.

IBERIS UMBELLATA L. (J.)

Biinias orientale L.

Violaceae.
Viola tricolor L.
Viola odor at a L. fl. pi.

Frankeniaceae.
FRANKENIA LAEVIS L.

Locality.

Droxford H

Whitechapel

Bath
Mayfield B
Droxford H

[Crete]
Whitechapel

Goodyer's Name.

PAGB

Alliaria recentiorum. ' Herbe

John.* Ill
Erysimum ii Tab. 191
Eruca palustris minor. 192
Cardamine impatiens.
Dentaria bulbifera. 186
Sinapi sativum alterum Penae. ill
Cherlock. 162
Draba lutea sil. long. 69
Thlaspi umbellosum marinum

fl. alb. 130
Rapistrum aliud non bulbosum. 191

Viola tricolor sylv.parva. How. 194
Sheet garden H Viola martia purpurea multi-
plex. 109

Caryophyllaceae.
Silene fricticosa L. (J.)
Lychnis dioica L.

„ Githago Scop.
SAGINA NODOSA Meyer.

„ APETALA L.
Stellaria aquatica Scop.

Portulaceae.
Montia fontana L.

Hypericineae.
Hypericum Androsaemum L.

Malvaceae.
Malva moschata L.

„ stipulacea Cav. ? (J.)

y ^ 1 ri ^ c c ^ c
LINUM CATHARTICUM L.

Haylinge B
Bursledon Ferry

Petersfield

Chichester S
Wellingborough B
Bath

Hants H

An Polygoni marini species. 148
Polygonum alterum pusillo. 151

Ocymoides sempervirens. 99
'Lychnis sylv, flore cameo

odorato' Merrett. 195

Pseudomelanthium. 112

Alsine palustris foliis tenuis- 179

simis. ' Saxifraga pal. alsin.' 77

[No name.] 186

Alsine major repens. 69

' Alsine flosculis conniventibus '
Merrett. * Blinks ' Goodyer. 195

St.Vincent's Rocks Androsaemum magnum.

Mapledurham H
Coys. Spain

Hants, Purfleet

Geraniaceae.
Geranium columbinum L.

„ lucidum L.
ERODIUM GRUINUM
Willd. ? (J.)

Leguminosae.
ULEX EUROPAEUS L.

Hants, Whitechapel
Guildford
Coys. Spain

(whitish fl. var.) (S.)

NANUS Forst. (S.)
parviflorus. (S.) Provence

MEDICAGO MINIMA L. .? (J.)

MEDIC AGO POLYMORPHA L. Spain

Alcea vulgaris albo flore. 1 11

Malva flore amplo Baetica
aestiva. 134

Linum silvestre catharticum
Milmountaine. 109, 112

'Geranium columbinum ' How. 191
* Geranium saxatile ' Park. 708. 185
Geranium Baeticum sp. Boelii. 146

Ye great furze. 189

Genista spinosa flore albo. 189
Ye least furze (not Gen. sp.

minor Park. 1003). 189
Genista spinosa major bre-

vibus aculeis B. P. 394. 190

Genista spinosa minor. 189

Medica anglica minor. 141
Medica major Baetica sp. i.

spinulis intortis. 142

I02

JOHN GOODYER

Modern Name.
MEDICAGO INTERTEXTA L.

MARINA L.
PI SUM SATIVUM L.
MELILOTUS INDICA L. ?
ASTRAGALUS HAMOSUS L.
Trifolium ligusticum Balb. ? (J.)

„ Lagopus L. ?(J.)

Locality.
Spain

Coys
Coys
Coys

HEDYSARUM HUMILE L.
Onobrychis sativa Lam. Langford, Wilts, w

Hippocrepis comosa L. Buttersworth Hill

St. Vincent's Rocks
ASTRAGALUS LUSITANI- Park. Spain

CUS Lam. (J.)
VIC I A FAB A L. var. (J.) Coys. Spain

Vicia tetrasperma Moench.
Vicia sylvatica L.

Bath
Coys

VICIA SATIVA L. var.

LEUCOSPERMA Moench. (J.)
VICIA SA TIVA (3 LINEARIS Coys. Spain

Lange?(J.)

Vzcrn hitea /3 laevigata Boiss. (J.) Coys. [Portu-

gal]

Ervum Lens L. Droxford
PISUM ARVENSE L. Park. Spain

LATHYRUS OCHRUS DC. Park. Coys

ANNUUS L. or
L. OCHRUS DC? (J.)
LATHYRUS CLYMENUM L. ? (J.)

Spain

LATHYRUS SPHAERICUS Retz ? (J.)
LATHYRUS TUBEROSUS L. Spain

P ALUS IRIS L. Spain

Lathyrus sylvestris L. Hants H

LENS ESCULENTA Moench. ? (J.) ^

ORNITHOPUS SCORPIOIDES L.
SCORPIURUS SUBVILLOSA L. (J.)
SCORPIURUS VERMICULATA L.

laevigata L. (J.)

Cucurbitaceae.
CUCURBITA PEPO L. var.
CITRULLUS VULGARIS Schrad. (J.)

POTEN^TILLA COMARUM Nutt.

Potentilla Anserina L.

ALCHEMILLA ALPINA L. ? (J.)

Spiraea Filipendula L. St. Vincent's Rocks

RUBUS CAESIUS L. H

„ Chamaemorus L. ? Ingleborough

Rosa cin7tamomea L. Droxford
Rosa Eglanteria L. Bath

Goodye?-''s Name. PAGE
Medica major Baetica altera. 142

„ marina spinosa sp.
Pisum quadratum.
Melilotus Indiae orientalis.
Securidaca minor.
Lagopus trifolius maior Baeti-
cus.

Lagopus trifolius flore ruber-
rimo.

Hedysarum clypeatum.
Caput Gallinaceum Belgarum
Ferrum equinum Germanicum.

142

139
126
130

144

144
147
178
187
77

Astragalus marinus Lusitani-

cus Boelii.
Faba veterum serratis foliis

Boelii.

Vicia sive Cracca minima.
'Vicia maxima sylvatica spicata

Bathoniensis Goodyeri.' 190, 196
Vicia indica fructu albo. 139

140

140
193
77

Aracus maior Baeticus Boelii. 138

Legumen pallidum Vlissipo-

nense Nonii Brandonii. 139
Lens minor. iii
Pisum maculatum Boelii. 141
Ervilia silvestris Dodonaei. 141
Lathyrus aestivus flore luteo. 136

Lathyrus aestivus Baeticus fl.

coeruleo Boelii. 136
Lathyrus aestivus flore miniato. 137
Lathyrus aestivus dumetorum

Baet. Boelii. 138
Lathyrus palustris Lusitanicus

Boelii. 137
'Lathyrus maior angustifol. fl.

pall, rubro ' Merrett. 195
Lathyrus aestivus Baeticus fl.

albo Boelii. 137
Scorpioides mathioli. 131
Scorpioides multiflorus Boelii. 151
sihqua crassa
Boelii. 151
„ repens Bupleuri folio. 132

Macocks Virginiani, 165
Melones Aquatici. 165

Quinquefolium palustre. 170

Heptaphyllonmaius Phyto.651 155

Filipendula vulgaris. 77

Rubus repens fructu caesio. 114

Cloudberry. 195

Rosa cinamomea simpl. fl. 112
' Rosa sylvestris odora Eglan-
teria ' How MS.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

103

Modem Name.
Rosa gallica L.^
Pyrus Aria L,

Onagrarieae.
Epilobium angustifolium L.

OENOTHERA BIENNIS L.
LUDWIGIA PALUSTRIS
Elliot.

Crassulaceae.
Sedum rupestre L. var. minus.

Locality.

Sandrish in Kent ' K

Winchester
New Forest

St. Vincent's
Rocks

sp.

Saxifrageae.
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L. Mapledurham

Parnassia palustris L.

Umbelliferae.
Eryngium maritimum L.
Trinia glauca O. K.
Cicuta virosa L.
APIUM NODIFLORUM Reich.

Wellingborough

Tichfield Bay
St. Vincent's Rocks
Denham, Herts.

Droxford
Petersfield

APIUM INUNDATUM Reich, b. f. (J.)
ApiujH crispujji L. Idsworth
Aegopodium Podagraria L.
Sison Amomum L.
CARUM SEGETUM Benth.
SIUM LATIFOLIUM L. Oxford
SIUM ERECTUM Huds. Droxford
Bupleurum rotundifolium L.
OENANTHE LACHENALII Gmel. Soberton
„ SILAIFOLIA Bieb. (T.)

pimpinelloides L.
Crithmum maritimum L. Hurst Castle

Peucedanum sativum B. and H.
Caucalis arvensis Huds. Petersfield

nodosa Scop.

LA TIFOLIA L. (S.)
Daucus Carota L.
Smyrnium Olusatrum L.

Caprifoliaceae.
Adoxa Moschatellina L. Bunny-
kens Holworte.
Sambucus Ebulus L.

Rubiaceae.
RUBIA PEREGRINA L.
CRUCIANELLA sp.
Sherardia arvensis L.
ASPERULA CYNANCHICA L.

VALERIANA c'oRNUCOPIAE L.
Locusta L.

Spain
Droxford H

Goodyer^s Name. PAGE
Rosa holoserica. 1 10

' Aria Theophrasti ' Merrett. 195

Lysimachia forte. IH
Chamaenerion Gesneri. in
Lysimachia virginiana. 159
Herba aquatica rubescens facie 187
Anagall. Holosteum. 193, 195

*Sedum Divi Vincentii non-

descr.' Merrett. 77, 195

Aizoon. 152

Saxifraga aurea. 185
Gramen parnassi. 180

Eryngium marinum. no

Peucedanum pumilum. 77

Slum alterum olusatri facie. 179

fSium repens. 114
' Slum umbellis ad caulium

nodos' Merrett. 195

Sium pusillum foliis variis. 192

Apium crispum. 172

Podagria germanica. I lo

Sium odoratum Tragi. 121
Sium siifoliis. Honewort. 53, 121
Pastinaca aquatica latifolia. 176

,, „ minor. 116
Thorow-vvax.

Oenanthe angustifolia Lob. 115

») » 35

„ apii folio. 145
Crithmum chrysanthemum G. 193

Caucalis pumila segetum Mer-
rett. 195

Caucalis nodosa echinato se-
mini Bauhini. 1 14

Caucalis major Baetica. 128

Siser erraticum Plinii. 112

Alexanders.

Radix cava minima viridi flore. 69

126

Veny Sutton w Ebulus. m

Rubia sylvestris. 191

spicata Cretica Clusii. 132

Rubia minor flore rubro. 148

Hants B Synanchica. 113

Valeriana mexicana.
Lactuca agnina.

133
133

^ Probably. J. notes that the Moss Rose R. muscosa Ait. seems not to be catalogued
before 1720 by Boerhaave.

104

JOHN GOODYER

Modern Natne. Locality,
Dipsaceae.

Jasione montana L. Sheet H

SCABIOSA ATROPURPUREA L.

,, columbaria L.

Compositae.
Tussilago Farfara L.

ERIGERON ACRE L. Winchester H

Jaso7iia tuber osa DC.
ANTHEMIS TINCTORIA L.

Anthemis Cotula L.

„ nobilis L.
CHRYSANTHEMUM CORONA- [Crete]
RIUM L.

CHRYSANTHEMUM CORONA- Spain
RIUM L.

CHRYSANTHEMUM CORONA- Spain

RIUM L.
Chrysanthemum segetum L.
HELIANTHUS TUB EROS US L.

„ annuics L.

Senecio Doria L.

SENECIO SARRACENICUS L. (S. J.) Coys.
Senecio paludosus L. Downham Fen B

Goodyer's Name.

PAGE

Scabiosa minima hirsuta G.

585. S. media. no, 164

Scabiosa flore rubro = S. sexta

indica Clusii. 164
Scabiosa minor. 164

Jacobaea L.

Ladle Hill H

XERANTHEMUM ANNUUM L. (S.)
ACHILLEA NOBILIS L.
Achillea Millefolium L.

DIOTIS MARITIMA Cass. Hayling H

G7iaphaHum margaritaceu7n L.
[Filago minima Pers.^ Petersfield H

[Xanthium Strumarium L. Southwick St.. Hants ?B
Arctium minus Bernh. ?

Lappa L. Mangerfield, Glos. G

NOTOBASIS SYR I AC A Cass. Coys. Spain

CNICUS PRATENSIS Willd.

CNICUS ERIOPHORUS Roth. Holyborne H

CARDUUS ACAULIS L.

Carduus crispus L.

„ nutans L.
Carlina vulgaris L.
CARLINA LAN ATA L.
CENTAUREA SALMAN-

TICA L.
Centaurea Scabiosa L.

Sonchus tingitanus L. ?
LACTUCA VIROSA L.

Hants:
Purfleet

162

120

154
135

134

135

Conyza coerulea C. odorata.
Aster conyzoides Gesneri.
Buphthalmum vulgare i Mat-

thioli.
Cotula foetida.
Camomile.

Chrysanthemum Creticum i
Clusii.

Chrysanthemum Baeticum

Boelii inscr.
Chrysanthemum tenuifolium

Baeticum Boelii.
Chrys. segetum.
Flos solis pyramidalis.

,, Peruanus.
Herba Doria.
Herba Doria altera.
Conyza aquatica laciniata.
Jacobaea angustifoHa Pan

nonica 2 Clus.
Ptarmica imperati.
Achillea sideritis.
Common Yarrow.
Gnaphalium marinum.
Gnaphalium Americanum.
' Filago minor Lob.'
Zanthium. 128

135
135, 155
109, 166
167
119
119
193

194
119
155
155
148

Arctium montanum et Lappa

minor Galeni. 194
Silibum minus flore nutante

Boelii. 145
Carduus bulbosus Monspel-

liensium. 144, 154

Carduus eriocephalus. 109, 146
Carduus acaulis septentriona-

lium L'Obelii. 118, 145

[Hants] H
Hants: Purfleet HE
Coys. [Naples]
Montp. Spain

Carduus viarum fl. purp. et alb. 112

Carlina sylvestris. 112

Acarna flore rubro. 145
Stoebe Salmantica i Clusii

foliis Cichorei. 154

Chawton H Jacea albo flore. no

„ major. 165

Sonchus Africanus Boelii. 69
Southampton H Lactuca silvestris vera ingrato

odore. 111,158

^ Filago minor is included in How's list, p. 280. He may have obtained the locality,
Petersfield, from Goodyer.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

105

Modern Nnfne.
LAC TULA AGA'EST/S L.

RHAGADIOLUS EDULIS
Gaertn. (J.)

TOLPIS BARB A TA Gaertn. (J.)

Locality.
[Montpelier]

Spain
Spain

UM BELLA TA 3 MINOR
Lange (J.).

HIERA ClUM JNTYBA CE UM L. ? [Italy]
„ ANDRYA- Coys. Spain

LOIDES Vill. (J.)
Hieracium murorum L. Godalming s

„ Pilosella L.
Taraxacum officinale Willd.
Cichorium Intybus L.
Lapsana communis L.

LAPSANA ZACINTHA L. ? [Italy: Florence]
CENTAUREA MEVADENSIS Bois. Coys
& Reut. ? (J).

Pri mulaceae.
ANDROSACE MAXIMA L.

(J-)

Sheet
Sheet
Emsworth

Priinula verts L.

,, vulgaris Huds,
Samolus Valerandi L.
Lysimachia nemorum L.

Campanulaceae.
PHYTEUMA ORBICULARE L. (S.) Maple-

durham

„ „ Droxford

Campanula patula L.

CAMPANULA PUMILA L. var.?
RESEDA PHYTEUMA L. (J.)
Reseda Luteola L.

Ericaceae.
MONOTROPA HYPOPITYS L. Droxford
GENTIANA PNEUMONANTHE L.

Con volvulac eae.
Convolvulus Soldanella L. Hants

Chichester
CONVOLVULUS PURPUREUS L.
or some var. of it (J.).

„ „ Boel. Coys

ARVENSIS L.
Cuscuta Epithymum L.

Asclepiadae.
ASCLEPIAS PURPURASCENS L. (S.)

B oragineae.
ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA L.

Goodyer's Name. page

Lactuca agrestis. 159

(Hieratium Narbonense falcata

siliqua L'Obelii. 148
Hieratium stellatum Boelii.
Hieratium medio nigrum flore

maior Boelii. 149
Hieratium medio nigrum flore

minore Boelii. 149

Hieratium intybaceum. 149

lanosum. 150

Pulmonaria Gallica sive aurea

latifolia. 180

Pilosella repens. 150.

Dens leonis vulg. 1 15

' Wild Cicorie.' 1 50

Lampsana. 149

Cichorium verrucatum. 151

Jacea capitulis hirsutis Boelii. 164

palustris Baetica Boelii. 164

Androsace altera Matthioli Ger.

p. 425. . 150

Cowslip 2 in a hose. 109

Primrose 2 in a hose. 109

Anagallis aquatica tertia. 11 1

„ flore luteo. 187

[Rapunculus corniculatusmon-
tanusl. 185, 196

Rapunculum silvestre,
' Rapunculus sylvestris fl. rubro

albescente ' Merrett.
Lesser Bell-flower.
Phyteuma monspeliensium.
Luteola.

Orobanche verbasculi odore.
Pneumonanthe.

[Soldanella marina].

116

195
132
134
134

122
170

185

Convolvul us coeruleus Bryoniae
nigrae folio flos Noctis non
♦script. 153

Convolvulus coeruleus minor
Baeticus. 129

Convolvulus minor. 129

Cuscuta. 112

Periploca recta virginiana. 131

PULMONARIA ANGUSTI-
FOLIA L.

Buglossum scorpioides an
Echii facie Buglossum mini-
mum flore rubente (Lobel). 131
New Forest b Pulmonaria foliis Echii. 115, 190

io6

JOHN GOODYER

Modern Name.
Solanaceae.
Hyoscyamus niger L.
NICOTIANA TABACUM L.

var. BRASILIENSIS Comes. (S.)
NICOTIANA TABACUM L.
var. FRUTICOSA Hook. f. (S.)

Orobanchaceae.
LATHRAEA SQUAMARIA L.

Orobanche Purpurea Jacq. ?

Scrophulariaceae.
Verbascum nigrum L.
LINARIA MINOR Desf.
LIN ARIA THYMIFOLIA DC. ? (J.)

Locality,

Coys
Uvedale

Goodyer's Name.

PAGE

Hyoscyamus luteus. 122, 160

Petum indicum folio pene

obtuso. 160
Petum indicum folio Hydro-

lapathi acuto. 161

I'Anblatum Dod. 123
\ Dentaria maior sive n(f>v\Xos
{ Clus.

Orobanche. 122

? Droxford H Blattaria flo. luteo.

Antirrhinum minus. 115
Antirrhinum minus flore Lina-

Coys

LINARIA CYMBALARIA Mill.

Coys.
Droxford
Coys

LINARIA SERPYLLIFOLIA

Lange ?(J.)
Linaria Elatine Desf.

[Scrophularia vernalis L. Coys

Scrophularia nodosa L.

DIGITALIS FERRUGINEA L.

Veronica hybrida L. St. Vincent's Rocks

BARTSIA ODONTITES Huds.

„ „ var. alb. Bellmere

MELAMPYRUM SYLVATICUM
L.

Pedicularis sylvatica L. Warwickshire
? CERINTHE MAJOR L. [Prob. Spain]

CERINTHE MINOR L. Spain

„ major L. vzx.flavo flore.

riae luteo inscriptum. 143
Cymbalaria Italica. 17, 163

Linaria minor aestiva. 143

Fluellin. Elatine. 163

Common Scrophularia. 156
Digitalis ferruginea. 186
' Veronica mas recta ' Merrett. 76
Eufrasia altera Dodo. 117
Euphrasia 2 Dod. flo. albo. 150
Melampirum luteum latefolium. 1 18

' Pedicularis fl. albo ' How MS.
Cerinthe flore rubro. 128
„ minor flore albo veris
luteis. 180
Yeallow flowered Cerinthe. 128

SALVIA VERTICILLATA
Nepeta nuda L
Origanum Major ana L.
OCIMUM BASILICUM L.
Nepeta Cataria L. var. ? (J.)
NEPETA TUB EROS A L.

Lavandula officinalis L.
STACHYS GERMANICA L.

)> »
„ Betonica Benth.
Lamitim Orvala L.

Thymus Serpyllum L.

Galeopsis Tetrahit L. var. bifida.

Coys Horminum silvestre iii Clusii.
Droxford Menthastrum montanum.
Yalden, Sheet Sweete Marjoram.

„ „ Acinos [odoratissimum].

Parkinson Nepeta media.

Coys Cattaria tuberosa radice Bae-
tica Boelii non script.
Lavender.
Witney B Stachys (Buckner).

Stachys Wild Horehound.
Betony.

Coys Lamium Pannonicum 2^"^ exo-
ticum Clusii.
Petersfield h Serpillum. * Serpillum foeti-
dum Goodyeri ' How MS.
Merrett.

H 'Cannabis spuria altera flo.
purp.' How.

156
III
166
166
162

161
157
59
177
120

156

195

194

Plantagineae.
Littorella lacustris L.

Plantago Psylliian L.
Plantago Coronopus L.

' Holosteumjunciifoliuih repens

Goodyeri ' How MS.
Psyllium. 1 57

Comu cervinum Lobelii. 130, 155

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

icy

Modern Navie.

Locality.

Goodyer's Name.

Illecebraceae.

Scleranthus annuus L. Knavvel. (B.) Tichfield Bay H Polygonum germanis.

Chenopocliaceae.
SUAEDA FRUTICOSA Forsk. H
SALICORNIA HERBACEA L. ? Portland H
EMEX SPINOSA Campd. (J.)
Rumex Acetosa L.

Chamaepitys verniiculata.
Kali album, p. 8i, Dodo.
Blitum spinosum Creticum.
Acetosa maxima.

PAGE

179
152
136
194

Santalaceae.
THESIUM HUMIFUSUM DC.

U rticaceae.
Urtica dioica L.
Humulus Lupulus L.

Ulmaceae.
ULMUS CAMPESTRIS Sm.

MONTANA Stokes.
GLABRA Miller.
MINOR Miller.

Droxford B Anthyllis montana, Linaria

adulterina. 117

Nettle.
Hop.

156
114

Stubbers B
New Forest B

Ulmus vuly. folio lato scabro. 38

„ folio latissimo scabro. 41

„ folio glabro. 43

„ minor f. angusto scabro. 39

Amentaceae.
ALNUS GLUTINOSA Gaertn.
BETULA ALBA L.
Fagus sylvatica L.

„ „ L. var.
QUERCUS ROBUR L.

„ „ agg. Bramshaw, Wilts, w

JUG LANS REG I A L.
CASTANEA SATIVA Mill.
Salix viminalis L.

Monocotyledons.
ACORUS CALAMUS L.
POTAMOGETON CRISPUS L.

DENSUS L.

Alder. 175
Unnamed. 175
Faringdon H * Great antient Beeches. 189
Fagus. 188
Quercus. Cachryes and Galls. 172
' Quercus serotina, procerior.
Dor-Oak' Merrett. 195
Longwood Nux Juglans. 112,174
Cachrys Castaneae. 17 A

Salix aquatica. 77

Butomus umbellatus L.
Alisma Plantago L.

Damasonium stellatum Pers. Hounslowe Heath B
Between Sandie Chappell
and Kingston

Neottia Nidus-avis Rich.

Epipactis palustris Crantz. Petersfield B

EPIPACTIS VIOLACEA Bor. Holiborne B

TAMUS COMMUNIS L. Hants H

Allium ursinum L.

Colchicum autumnale L. Warminster w

Juncus bufonius L.

Paris quadrifolia. Chawton H

SCIRPUS SYLVATICUS L. Oxford B

Carex vulpina L. or C. Pseudo
Cyperus ?(J.).

Carex pulicaris L. ? o

Hordeum sylvaticum Huds. Petersfield B

Panicum sanguinale L. Petersfield

? B Acorus legittimum Clus. 231.
Durford B Tribulus aquaticus minor flori-
bus uvae.

Droxford B Tribulus aquaticus minor mus-
catellae floribus.
Butomus.

Plantago aquatica stellata.
Plantago aquatica stellata.

177
123

126
177

no
180

Nidus avis. 127, 195

Palma Christi, radice repente. 184
Nidus avis flore et caule vio-

laceo. 47, 126

Bryonia nigra. 127,153
Ram sons.

Colchicum flo. albo et purpur.
Gramen holosteum Alp. min.
Herba Paris.

Cyperus gramineus Lobelii.
' Gramen palustre Cyperoides

Lob. Ger. Great Cyperus

Grasse' How.
Flea-grass. Ray, Synopsis.
'Gramen secalinum maximum'

Merrett. 196
* Gramen paniceum procum-

bens* Merrett. 196

no
190
no
175

194

196

io8

JOHN GOODYER

Modern Name.

Locality,

CALAMAGROSTIS EPIGEJOS Roth.
{not Festuca Myurus L.) (S.) Winchester

ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI
L. (S.)

Petersfield
Sheet

PHALARIS CANARIENSIS L. (S.) Spain

MINOR L. (S.) Spain

BULB OS A L. (S.) Spain
CYNOSURVS ECHINA TUS L. Coys. Sheppey
Nardus striata L.

BRIZA MAXLMA L. Coys. Spain

Phragmites communis Trim.

Coniferae.

JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L. Surrey S

TAXUS BACCATA L.

Filices, etc.
Ophioglossum vulgatum L.

Botrychium Lunaria Sw. Droxford H

POLYPODIUM DRYOPTERIS L. Hants B
ASPIDIUM ACULEATUM Mapledurham H

Sw. var. /3 LOBATUM.
DRYOPTERIS THELY- nr. Petersfield B

PTERIS Sw.
ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS Sw. Hants H

„ „ var. AFFINIS. Hants H

DILATATUM Sm. Durford ; B
Mapledurham
Asplenium Trichomanes L. Wolmer Forest H
„ Ruta-muraria L. ? h

Scolopendrium vulgare L. var. Swaneling H

multifida

Ceterach officinarum Willd. ? H

Lycopodium clavatum L. Petersfield H

Pilularia globulifera L. Petersfield H

Clathrus cancellatus L. (J.) Petersfield H

Goodyer's Name. PAGE
Calamagrostis. 172
Gramen murorum spica longis-

sima. 171, 190

* Gramen Paniceum ' Merrett. 195

Panicum sylvestre. 120
Phalaris minor Baetica Boelii,

sem. nigro. 133
Phalaris minor Baetica Boelii,

sem. albo. 133
Phalaris bulbosa Boelii. 133
Gramen cristatum Baet. Boelii. 157
Spartum or Matweed. 171
Gramen tremulum maximum. 158
Arundo vallatoria. 176

Juniperus sterilis. 123, 195

Taxus glandifera baccifera. 168
„ tantum florens. 169, 196

Lunaria minor.

Dryopteris Tragi.

Filix mas non ramosa pinnulis

latis auriculis spinosis.
Dryopteris Penae et Lobelii.

Filix mas non ramosa pinnulis
latis.

Filix mas non ramosa pinnulis

angustis.
Filix ramosa pinnulis dentatis.

Ruta muraria
Phyllitis multifida.

Ceterach

' Chamaepeuce foemina seu

polyspermos' Merrett.
Gramen piperinum ' Merrett.
Fungus corallinus ' Merrett.

183
183

182

183
181

179

185
230

196

iq6

The manuscript descriptions are wholly in Goodyer's
handwriting : the colour of the ink shows that in several
cases the whole of a paragraph was not written at the same
time. The concluding sentences, usually mentioning locality
and date, were sometimes added later in a browner ink.
Such sentences are indicated by the use of the mark ||.

These additions must have been made before 1632, when
many of the descriptions were handed to Johnson for his
revision of the Herbal. The methodical Goodyer kept
a list of descriptions thus lent to Johnson (MS. 11,

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

f. 134). In all more than two hundred and fifty plants
are specially noticed in addition to some hundred which
are casually mentioned in his descriptive writings. About
a hundred and fifty of Goodyer's descriptions of plants
are still extant: sixty were printed by Johnson, ninety are
in manuscript. Johnson did not print all the descriptions
sent him.

In cases in which both printed and manuscript versions
are available, we have followed Goodyer's own manuscript
in essential particulars, but have retained the spelling of
the printed version, except of the word ' flower \ in which
case we have adopted Goodyer's spelling.

It may be noted that Goodyer's spelling of English
words, though perhaps more uniform than that of many
of his contemporaries, was apt to vary. On the whole
he favoured such forms as color, devide, flower, yealowe,
coople, apece, fower, toppe, ioynt, bignes, ymediatlie, ynch,
and a final e at the ends of present participles and other
words.

The manuscript referred to is Goodyer MS. 1 1.

Woolly-headed Thistle. Cnicus eriophorus L.
Carduus eriocephalus. Corona fratrum quorundam. 161 7

[See 29 June 1621 and 13 Aug. 1621.]

Linum silvestre catharticum. Mil-mountaine. Oct. 1617

[See 2 July 1619.]

Jerusalem Artichoke. Helimithus tuber ostis L.
Heliotropium Indicum vel Virginianum. 25 March 16 17

You had lately planted it when I was at your hovvse. 25 Martii
161^,— MS. ff. 48 v., 54.

[Refers to a visit to Coys. See p. 24 and under 17 Oct. 1621.]

Cowslipps 2-in-a-hose. 1617

Double violet. Viola odorata L., fl. plen.
Viola martia purpurea multiplex. 9 Apr. 161 8

At Sheet.— J/5, f. 58 v.

Primula veris L. var. and P. vulgaris Huds. var.
Primula veris flore gemino. 9 Apr. 1618

Cowslipps 2 in a hose at Sheet.
Primrose 2 in a hose at Sheet. — MS. f. 56 v.

JOHN GOODYER

A s h w e e d. ^gopodmm Podagraria L.
Podagria germanica. Lo. 700 ; Herba Gerardi, 848. 11 Apr. 161 8
Lungwort, good wife hewes. — MS. f. 56 v.

Moonwort. Botrychium Ltmaria Sw.
Lunaria minor. 21 Maij & i Junii 16 18

I found it in Droxford in a wood by Strugnells in the
Thetcher.— f. 55.

Velvet Rose. Rosa gallica L.
Rosa holoserica. G. 1085 ; Lo. o. 207. 3° Junii 161 8

Ch: Edwards.— f. 57.

Herb Paris. Paris quadrifolia L.
Herba Paris. Lo. 267 ; G. 328. 10 Junii 161 8

I sawe some with 5 leaves and some with 6 leaves at Chawton. —
MS, f. 54.

[This is the first notice for Hants, but the discovery of 5- and
6-leaved forms had been already made by Sir John Salusbury in
North Wales in 1606.]

Sheep's bit Scabious. Jasione montana L.
Scabiosa minima hirsuta. G. 585. 7 Julii 161 8

At Sheete.— J/5, f. 57 v.

Greater Knapweed. Centaur e a Scabiosa L.
Jacea albo fiore. G. 589. 18 Julii 1618

At Chawlton.— f. 54 v.

Sea Holly. Eryngium maritimum L.
Eryngium marinum. G. 999. 20 Julii 161 8

One plant at Tichfield Bay. — MS. f. 53 v.

K n a w e 1. Scleranthus anmms L.
Polygonum germanis. Trag. p. 393. 20 Julii 161 8

In a barren rye feild belowe Tichfield Bay & is y^ Parsley pert
of Ger. p. 453. — MS, f. 56 v.

Water Plantain. Damasonitim stellatum Pers.
Plantago aquatica stellata, Phitopinax 355 ; Lo. 301 ; Deles. 1058.

30 Julii 1618

In Hounslowe Heath. — MS, f. 56 v.

[First record for Britain (see 2 July 1 633). In 1723 the Duke of
Argyle took in a large part of the Heath and planted it with a large
collection of trees and shrubs from the Northern Colonies.]

Autumn Crocus. Colchiciim autumnale L.
Colchicum fio. albo et purpureo. 21 Aug. 161 8

At Warminster in flo: 21 August 1618. — MS, f. 59.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

III

? W i 1 1 o w - h e r b.
Lysimachia forte. 27 Augusti 1618

Wiltshere.— f. 55.

D anewort. Sambuais Ebuhis L.
Ebulus. Lo. o. 164; G. 1238. 27 Augusti 1618

At Venny Sutton in Wiltes : it is called Scotts blood. — MS. f. 53.
[' They call it Danes weede in Suffolk,' Bullein 1562.]

Brook weed. Samohs Valerandi L.
Anagallis aquatica tercia. Lo. 467. 161 8

By a mill at Emsworth.— f. 51.

Willow-herb. Epilobium angustifolium L.
Chamaenerion Gesneri. Lo. 343 ; G. 386. 161 8

It is called Willowe at Winchester. — MS, f. 52 v.

White Mustard. Sinapis alba L.
Sinapi alterum sativum. Lo. ps. 2: pag. 277. 1618
White pepper : Drox.— MS. f. 54 v.

Lactiica vivos a L.
Lactuca silvestris vera ingrato odore. 161 8

[See 13 Sept. 1621.]

Musk Mallow. Malva moschata L.
Alcea vulgaris albo flore. [1618]

At Mapledurham. — MS. f. 51.
Malva verbenacea. n. d.

' Mr. Goodyer found the Vervain Mallow with white flowers
growing plentifully in a close neere Maple-Durham in Hampshire,
called Aldercrofts.' — Ger. emac. 931.

[The first record for Hants.]

Jack-by-the-Hedge. Sisymbrium Alliaria Scop.
Alliaria recentiorum. Lo. 530 ; G. 560. [1*^18]
At Droxford. herbe John.— f. 51.

Lentil. Erviiin Lens L.
Lens minor. Lo. o. 74 ; G. 1049. [161 8]

Droxford.— .^5. f. 55.

Nepeta nuda L.

Menthastrum montanum. [1618]
Droxford in y^ stone wall. — MS. f. 55 v.

Phytciima orbicular e L.
Rapunculum silvestre. Tragi, p. 726. [1618I
Droxford.— ^5. f. 57.

JOHN GOODYER

Cinnamon Rose. Rosa cimiamomea L.
Rosa cinamonea simplici flore. G. 1086. [161 8]

Droxford.— f. 57.

Wild Carrot. Daucus Carota L .
Siser erraticum Plinii. [1618J
Droxford.— f. 57 v.

Black Mullein. Verbascum nigrum L.
Blattaria flo. luteo. G. 633 ; Lo. 565. [16 18]

I found this wild.— f. 47 v.

Musk Thistle. Car dims nutans L.
Carduus viarum flo. purpureo. G. loii.] ri6i81
„ viarum flo. albo. G. loii. j ^
We have a kind here that smells like muske. — MS. f. 47 v.

Car Una vulgaris L.
Carlina sylvestris. Lo. 14; G. 997 ; Math. 497. [i5i8]
Clusius, p. clvi, hath ye figure of Carduus vidgatiss. viarum^ Lo. o.
ao, for Carlina sylvestris. || It growes on our Chalke Downes &
also at Purflet.— fif. 47 v., 52.
[See 8 July 1620.]

Dodder. Cuscuta Epithymum L .
Cuscuta. Lo. 427 ; G. 462. [1617-18]
I have seene it on furse, heath, nettles. — MS. f. 48.

„ „ on furse, heath, nettles, fatches. — MS. f. 53.

Walnut. Juglans regia L.
Nux Juglans. Lo. o. 108 ; G. 1252. [1618]
Forked at y® toppe : at Longwood. Ex relat. Daniel Waite. —
MS. f. 55 V.

[Longwood, in the parish of Owslebury, was in the possession of
Richard Garth, who died seised of it in 1597.]

Corn Cockle. Lychnis Githago Scop.
Pseudomelanthium. G. 926 ; Lo. 38. [1618]
Crappe. In Sussex about Cheichester. — MS, f. 56 v.

[The name Crap was formerly given to various weeds growing
among corn. Withering applied it to Rye Grass and Buckwheat.]

Purging Flax. Linum catharticum L.
Linum silvestre catharticum. Mil-mountaine. 2 July 1619

It riseth up from a small white threddy crooked root, sometime
with one, but most commonly with five or six or more round stalks,
about a foot or nine inches high, of a browne or reddish color,

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

every stalk dividing it selfc neerc the top, or from the middle
upward into many parts or branches of a greener colour than the
lower part of the stalke : the leaves are small, smooth, of colour
green, of the bignes of Lentill leaves, and have in the middle one
rib or sinew, and no more that may bee perceived, & grow alongst
the stalke in very good order by couples, one opposite against the
other : at the tops of the small branches grow the flowers, of
a white colour, consisting of five small leaves apiece, the nailes
whereof are yellow : in the inside are placed small short chives
also of a yellow colour, after which come up little knobs or buttons,
the top whereof when the seede is ripe divideth it selfe into five
parts ; wherein is contained small, smooth, flat, slippery, yellow
seed : when the seed is ripe the herbe perisheth ; the whole herbe
is of a bitter taste, and herby smell. It groweth plentifully in
the unmanured inclosures of Hampshire, on chalkie downs, & on
Purfleet hils in Essex, and in many other places. It riseth forth
of the ground at the beginning of the Spring, and flowereth all the
sommer. — 6^^r. emac. 559.

[For the rest of Goodyer's description see p. 21.]

Squi nancy wort. Asperula Cynanchica L.
Synanchica. 3 Aug. 16 19

This herbe groweth in y® inclosures of Hampshire in drie
Chalkie grounds. The root is crooked, blackish without, yellow
underneath the skinne, white within that and wooddie ; about five
or six inches long, with many hairy strings : from the root arise
many foure-square branches trailing upon the ground, sometimes
reddish towards the root : the leaves are small and sharpe pointed,
like [those of] Gallium, and grow along the stalke, on certaine
knees or ioints, foure or 5 together, sometimes fewer : from those
knees the stalk divideth it selfe towards the toppe into many parts,
whereon grow many flowers, each flower having foure leaves,
sometimes white, sometimes of a flesh colour, and every leafe of
these flesh coloured leaves is artificially straked in the middle, and
neere the sides with three lines of a deeper red, of no pleasant
smell ; after which commeth the seed something round, growing
two together like stones. It flowereth all the sommer. — MS,
f. 81 ; Gcr. emac. 11 20.

[In the printed version the date is given as 13 August, and either
Goodyer or his editor has added an account of the Verttce. 'It dries
without biting, and it is excellent against squinancies, either taken
inwardly or applied outwardly, for which cause they have called it
Synaftchica, Hist. Ltigd.'*^

114

JOHN GOODYER

Water Parsnip. A pium nodiflorum Reichb. f.
and Caucalis nodosa Scop.
Sium repens. 27 Aug. 1619

Hath longe plaine and smoothe leaves, made and fashioned like
the leaves of the Ash havinge comonlie 4 or 5 small leaves
growinge on ech side of the midle ribbe directlie one against
another, snipt about the edges, amongst which come forth a round
chamfered or furrowed hollowe stalk, of the bignes of a thumbe,
browne or reddish neare the root, 4 or 5 foot longe, devided at the
ioyntes or knees into many p[ar]tes or braunches ymediatlie from
the root even to the toppe whereon growe the leaves without order
like the former but shorter, nowe and then of a browne colour
both above and underneath, of a stronge smell as is the whole
plant, the flowers are white and many in number consisting of
5 sharpe pointed leaves apeece, growinge at the ioynts or devidinge
of the stalkes, on short stems umbell fashion, after the manner of
Caucalis nodosa echinato semine Bauhmi, The stalks creape or
run on the water, river or diches bankes, and hamper or matt them
selves fast together, (contrarie to both those before mentioned,
which growe upright and beare their flowers and seed at the topps
of their stalks and branches). The flowers past; there appeareth
the seed, two ioyned together at the first greene when it is ripe
of a browne colour like to parsley seed, of a stronge tast but not
plesant. The root is compacted of white threddie stringes infinite
in number for the most parte as small as haires growinge or
creepinge at the bottome of the water within the mire or marish
ground, wherby it infinitely increaseth. The leaves of this plant
growe greene in or above the water all the yere winter and somen
This groweth plentifullie by the lakes and rivers sides at Droxford
in Hampshire. — MS. f. 82.

Dewberry. Rubiis caesiiis L.
Rubus repens fructu caesio. 6 Sept. 1619

This hath a round stalke set full of small crooked and very
sharpe pricking thornes, and creepeth on hedges and low bushes of
a great length, on the upper side of a light red colour, and under-
neath greene, and taketh root with the tops of the trailing branches,
whereby it doth mightily encrease : the leaves grow without order,
composed of three leaves, and sometimes of five, or else the two
lower leaves are divided into two parts, as Hop leaves are now
and then, of a light greene colour both above and underneath.
The flowers grow on the tops of the branches, 7'aceniatim^ many
together, sometimes white, sometimes of a very light purple colour,

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

every flower containing five leaves, which are crompled or wrinkled,
and do not grow plaine : the fruit followes, first green, and after-
wards blew, everie berry composed of one or two graines, seldome
obove foure or five growing together, about the bignesse of corans ;
wherein is contained a stony hard kernell or seed, and a iuyce of
the colour of Claret wine, contrarie to the common Rubus or
Bramble, whose leaves are white underneath : the berries being
ripe are of a shining blacke colour, and every berry containes
usually above forty graines closely compacted and thrust together.
The root is wooddy and lasting. This growes common enough in
most places, and too common in ploughed fields. — Ger. emac.
1271-2.

Lesser Celandine. Ranuncuhis Ficaria L.
Chelidonium minus, Lo. 593, Ger. 669. 10 March 1620

Inc. fl. [flowers open] 10 Marcii 1620. — MS. f. 52 V.

Dandelion. Taraxacum officinale Willd.
Dens leonis vulgi, Lo. 232, Ger. 228. 10 March 1620

Inc. fl. [flowers open] 10 Marcii 1620. — MS. f. 53.

Marsh Parsley Dropwort. Oenanthe Lachenalii
Gmel.

Oenanthe angustifolia Lob. Obs. p. 420. 19 May 1620

[Identified by Druce as the first British Record.]
This 19 of May 1620 I found this wild in East Hoo in ye parish
of Subberton about 7 miles from Petersfield in Hampshire in a
hedgerowe about a flightshott from ye then dwelling house of
Mr. William Browne on ye south part of ye said house and ye
18 of June 1620 I saw it there in flower. — G. quoted by How in
MS. note to Phytologia, p. 81.

[Merrett, Pi?tax, p. 84, gives the locality as East How. Druce gives
the date as 28 June, but the figure is more like 18.]

Lungwort. Pulmonaria angustifolia L.
Pulmonaria foliis Echii. 25 May 1620

Found, May 25 Anno 1620 flowering in a Wood by Holbury
House in the New Forest in Hampshire. — Ger, emac. 809.

Linaria minor Desf.
Antirrhinum minus. 20 Junii 1620

The stalks are small, round, hairy & branched, about 4 or 5
ynches high, ye leaves are small, smooth, blunt topped & like
to Hissope leaves, y® flowers are small fashioned like ye greate
Antirrhinum, ye upper leaves whereof are of an ill favored purple
color, & ye under leaves somewhat whitish, havinge a very little

I 2

ii6

JOHN GOODYER

taile like to larkes spur, seed followeth contayned in a husk
which is somethinge longe. The root is small whitish & threddy. —
MS. f. 83.

Sium erectwn Huds.
Pastinaca aquatica minor. Sium odoratum Tragi. ^ Julij 1620
figura in hist, lug: p. 701. Apium palustre Fuchsii.

The leaves and footstalkes that growe in the water by them
selves distant from the stalk are about 2 foot longe, reddish,
spongie, smooth, on the upper parte whereof on ech side of the
midle ribbe groweth nine or ten broad short smooth sharpe pointed
leaves and opposite against another, fast to the midle ribbe without
any footstalk notched about the edges, and one alone at the toppe
of the footstalk, which leaves are of a browne colour ; amongest
which Cometh uppe a small round hoUowe ioynted stalk about
3 foot high, no bigger then a parsley stalk, reddish towards the
root, finely straked, not deeply champfered, devided into many
partes towards the toppe, on ech ioynt groweth one leafe more
notched and devided then the former, and those towards the toppe
of the stalk have fewer leaves growinge on the sides of the midle
ribbe then the lower, and of a lighter greene. The flowers growe
on the topps of the braunches in umbells, of colour white, everie
flower havinge five very small leaves devided into two pts at the
toppe, the flowers past the seed followeth, w^^ is small very like to
parsley seed. The root is verie full of white hairy threddes, and
putteth forth by the sides newe springes or shootes whereby it
encreaseth. The whole herbe doth yeld a stronge savor, like to
Petrolium. This groweth plentifullie in the River by Droxford in
Hampshire.— f. 82 v.

Phyteuma orbicidare L.
Rapunculum silvestre Trago. p. 726. Phyto. 137 (4).

5*'' Julij & 27 Augusti 1620
This hath 6 or 7 leaves with footstalks square abroad uppon the
ground, in forme like those of ye wild March violett, but much
smaller, finely indented about ye edges, amongst which riseth uppe
a small, round straked stalk, not so bigg as a strawe, sometimes
of a browne color, seldome a foot high whereon growe very small,
narrowe, sharpe pointed leaves, without footstalks at ye toppe of ye
stalk groweth one blewe flower tendinge to purple, almost round and
sometimes somewhat longe, like those of ye comon Trefoile, com-
posed of abundance of small crooked flowers, ech crooked flower
beinge devided into two parts at ye toppe. After which follow

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

117

[ ] seeds contayned in small husks. Ye root is white

growinge deepe into ye ground, nine or ten ynches longe whereof

2 or 3 ynches of ye upp part is very small, and sometimes devided
into more hedds than one. Ye midle part is Rampion-like, as
bigge as a goose quill, the whole herbe & root beinge broken or
cut doth yeld a white iuyce like milke. — MS. f. 84.

[Dr. Stapf points out that P. spicatum with which this plant has
been identified has white flowers.]

Bartsia odontites Huds.
Eufrasia altera Dodo. 5*° Julij & 1% Augusti 1620

This sendeth forth from a small threddie, hard, crooked root, one
4 square, upright hard rough stalk, about 9 ynches or a foot high,
devided into many branches, which are sett one opposite against
another, ye leaves are small, rough, sharpe pointed, indented about
ye edges, comonly hanginge or bowinge downewards, growinge by
cooples, also one opposite against another, ye flowers are many
hooded and growe but one side of ye branches and stalks, of
a reddish color, with yealowish cheives in ye midle, after which
Cometh a small round seed vessell, neare as bigge as a wheate corne,
wherein is contayned [ends abruptly]. — MS. f. 84.

Bastard Toadflax. Thesium htimifustim DC.
Anthyllis montana. hist. lug. p. 11 50. Phyto: 403. 15. an Anony-
mos Clus: p. 324. 5 Julij 1620 et citius et 27 Augusti 1620

[First record for Britain of the only species of the Sandalwood
family known in Britain.]
This hath many very small round, cornered branches sometimes
17 or 18 from one root, which are devided into branches, growinge
close uppon ye ground, sometimes 7 or 8 ynches longe, whereon
growe very small narrowe, thick leaves out of order, one after, not
one against another, of a ^ or yealowish greene color, as are also ye
branches, of a salt tast, neare ye topps of ye branches on short foot-
stalks growe leaves smaller then ye other, 3 allwaies together
whereof one is longer then ye other two, in ye midst of these

3 leaves groweth one small white flower, havinge 5 sharpe pointed
leaves, spreadinge wide open starr fashion, in ye midle whereof
groweth 7 small short cheives, with pale yealowe topps, after
Cometh one small long round harde husk, contayninge a seed
which is white within. The root is small white, crooked, short,
devided into branches & threddie and is perennis. — MS. f. 84.

^ The word ' pale ' is struck out here, and the word substituted looks like
* nervie

ii8

JOHN GOODYER

Linaria adulterina. n. d.

Johnson states that ' Mr. Goodyer found it growing wilde on the
side of a chalkie hill in an inclosure on the right hand of the way,
as you goe from Droxford to Poppie Hill in Hampshire'. — Ger,
emac. 555.

Dwarf Thistle. Car dims acaiilis L.
Carduus acaulis septentrionalium L^'obelii. 8° Julij & 5 Sept. 1620
Ger. non habet.

It hath many greene short narrowe leaves, somewhat hairie,
spread abroad uppon the ground, seldome above six ynches longe,
parted or gashed even to the midle ribbe, sett with sharpe prickles :
amongst which groweth one (sometimes more) scaly head without
prickles, with a thrum of purple flowers which are nothinge but
small cheives, and after turne into downe, contayninge gray seed
within : theis hedds growe close to the ground comonly without any
stalk, yet sometimes havinge a small smooth footstalk 3 or 4 ynches
longe. The root is small crooked scragged, with many out grow-
inge branches, reddish in the midle, and of longe continewance. || It
groweth wild on the Chalkie downes of Hampsheire plentifullie ;
and also at Purflett in Essex. — MS, f. 105.
[See 1618.]

Common Cowwheat. Melampyrum sylvaticum L.
Melampirum luteum latifolium. Phyto. .444 (3). Pin. 234 (a. 4).
Crategonon, Lob. icon. p. 36. Parietaria silvestris, 2 Clus. p. xliiij.
Ger. p. 84 (2). 22 Julij & 22 Augusti 1620

It hath a stalk about a cubit high, round close by ye root
4 square above, spreading it selfe abroad, often of a browne redd
color on ye upper side, ioynted, devided ymediatly from ye root
into branches, alwaies one branch growinge right against another,
under which branches growe ye leaves, also one opposite against
another, ye brodest and lowest are about 3 ynches longe, & one
ynch broad, smooth nothinge at all notched by the sides, of a darke
greene color, of an unpleasant an harsh tast, ye flowers growe neare
ye toppes of ye branches, amongst smaller iagged leaves, and
opposite against another, yet ye topps hang downwards & ioyne
neare together of a yealowe color, which when they begin to wither
are whitish, ye mouth not withstanding remayninge yealowe, after
which followeth broad, flatt, sharpe pointed seed vessells, wherein
is contayned 2 or 3 seeds like wheate cornes.

The root is small, whitish and threedie, and dieth at winter. —
MS. f. 83 V.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS 119

XcrantheimiDi anmmvi L.
Ptaimica imperati. 26 Julii 1620

Ptarmica Austriaca species Clusii.

This riseth uppe with a small hard tough cornered whitish
woolly stalk, devided into many branches, and those againe devided
into other branches like those of Cyanus about two foot high,
whereon grow long narrow whitish cottonie leaves out of order, of
a bitter taste, whiter below than above, of the colour of the leaves
of Wormwood, having but one rib or sinew & that in the midle
of the 4eafe, and commonly turne downewards : on the top of each
slender branch groweth one small scalie head or knap, like that of
Cyaniis, which bringeth forth a pale purple flower without smell,
containing sixe, seven, eight, or more, small hard drie sharp
pointed leaves : in the midle whereof groweth many stifife chives,
their tops being of the colour of the flowers ; these flowers fall not
away till the whole hearbe perisheth, but change into a rustic
colour : amongst those chives grow long flat blackish seed, with
a little beard at the toppe. The root is small, whitish, hard and
threddie, and perisheth when the seed is ripe, and soone springeth
up by the fallinge of the seed, and remaineth greene all the Winter,
and at the Spring sendeth foorth a stalke as aforesaid. The herbe
touched or rubbed sendeth forth a pleasant aromaticall smell. —
MS. f. 92 : Ger. emac. 606-7.

Senecio sarracenictts L.
Herba Doria altera. 26 July 1620

This herbe groweth uppe with a greene round brittle stalke, very
much champhered, sinewed, or furrowed ; about 4 or 5 foot high,
full of white pith like that of Elder, and sendeth forth small branches :
the leaves growe on the stalk out of order, & are smooth, sharpe
pointed, in shape resembling those of Herba Doria, but much
shorter and narrower, the broadest and longest seldome being
above 10 or 11 inches long, and scarce 3 inches broad, and are
more finely and smally nickt or indented about the edges ; their
smell being nothing pleasant, but rather when together with the
stalke they are broken and rubbed yeeld forth a smell having
a small touch of the smell of Hemlocke. Out of the bosomes of
these leaves spring other smaller leaves or branches. The flowers
are many, and grow on small branches at the tops of the stalkes
like those of Herba Doria, but more like those of lacobcea, of
a yealow colour, as well the middle button, as the small leaves that
stand round about, every flower having commonly 8 of those small
leaves. Which being past the button turneth into downe and

JOHN GOODYER

containeth a very small long seed which flieth away with the
winde. The root is nothing else but an infinite of small strings
which most hurtfullie spread in the ground, and by their infinite
increasinge destroyeth and starveth other herbes that grow neare
it. Its naturall place of growing I know not, || for I had it from
M'^. lo/ifi Coys, and yet keep it growing in my garden. — MS. ff. 83,
92 ; Ger. emac. 431.

[The sentence after the H is written in a hand that I believe to be
that of the editor, Thomas Johnson.]

Jasonia tuber osa DC.
Aster conyzoides Gesneri.

[Goodyer's note in Latin on this plant {MS. f. 83 v.) is copied from
Lobel, Observatioftes, (1576) p. 189.]

Echmochloa Crtis-galli Beauv.
Panicum sylvestre. Sheet. 10 Augusti 1620

Hath very many ioynted stalks, 2 foot high or higher, whereof
some growe upright, and some growe sidelonge & leane towards
ye earth, the leaves are longe & smooth not hairie. On ye toppe
of ye stalks growe spikes or eares, sometimes single but comonly
devided into many parts, lesser shorter & thinner than those of
Panick, everie one whereof is composed of small short sharpe
pointed husks, of a browne redd color sometimes of a greenish
color, not [words illegible] ye stem on rib whereon they growe, but
growinge on ye outer side thereof ; wherein is a whitish seed,
somewhat hard, lesse then those of Panick. The root is nothinge
els but white strings. — MS. f. 83 v.

B a s i 1. Ocimum Basilicum L.
Acinos [odoratissimum]. 12 Augusti 1620 & longe before.

Phyto: 427 (4). Ger. 548 . 2. Math. 595 (i).

It hath manie fower square hairie stalks proceedinge from the
root, sometimes two foot longe or longer, parted into a fewe
branches, the leaves growe on the ioynts, in wide distances by
cooples one opposite against another, in forme like those of wild
Margerom but smaller and are hairie, rough, lighthe snipt or
indented about the edges : the flowers are purple & resemble those
of Betonie, but of a lighter purple colour and growe forth of rough
round whorles or crownetts close above the leaves, and one allwaies
at the toppe of the stalk and branches, in forme like those of
Horehound. The flowers past the seed followeth inclosed in those
whorles. The root is small threedie & lastinge. — MS. fif. 83 V., 84.

[This description differs essentially from that printed in Gerard.
Sec II Oct. 162 1.]

DESCRirTIONS OF PLANTS

121

Corn Parsley. Carum segetum^ Benth.
Sium siifoliis. Hone- wort. i8 August 1620

^ The Description.

This hcrbe commeth up at the first from seed like Parsley, with
two small long narrow leaves, the next that spring are two small
round smooth leaves nickt about the edges, and so for two or three
couples of leaves of the next growth there are such round leaves
growing on a middle rib by couples, and one round one, also at the
top : after as more leaves spring up, so the fashion of them also
change, that is to say, every leafe hath about eight or nine small
smooth greene leaves, growing on each side of a middle rib one
opposite against another, and one growing by it selfe at the top,
and are finely snipt or indented about the edges, in forme re-
sembling those of Sitim odoratum Tragi^ but not so bigge^ long, or
at all brownish ; amongst which rise up many small round straked
stalkes or branches, about two foot long, now and then above
twenty from one root, sometimes growing upright, sometimes
creeping not farre from the ground, joynted or kneed, and dividing
themselves into very many branches, at every joynt groweth one
leafe smaller than the former, which together with the lowermost
perish, so that there is seldome one greene leafe to be seen on this
herbe when the seed is ripe ; the flowers are white, and grow most
commonly at the tops of the branches, sometimes at most of the
joynts even from the earth, in uneven or unorderly umbells, every
flower having five exceeding small leaves, flat, and broad at the
toppe, and in the middle very small cheives with purple tops, the
whole flower not much exceeding the bignesse of a small pins head,
which being past there commeth up in the place of every flower
two small gray crooked straked seeds, like Parsley seeds, but
bigger, in taste hot and aromaticall. The root is small and
whitish, with many threds not so big as Parsley roots. It beginneth
to flower about the beginning of luly, & so continues flowering
a long time ; part of the seed is ripe in August, and some scarce
in the beginning of October, mean while some falleth wherby
it renueth it selfe, and groweth with flourishing greene leaves all
the winter.

I tooke the description of this herbe the yeere 1620, but
observed it long before, not knowing any name for it : first I re-
fered it to Sium^ calling it, Sium tcrrestre, and Sium segetum
& agrorum ; afterwards upon sight of Selinum peregriiiiun primum
Clusii, which in some respects resembleth this herbe, I named it

122

JOHN GOODYER

Seli7ium Sij folijs ; yet wanting an English name, at length about
the yeere 1625 I saw Mistris Vrstila Leigh (then servant to
Mistris Bilso7i of Mapledurham in Hampshire, and now (5 Marcif
1632 wife to Master William Mooring Schoolemaster of Peters-
field, a Towne neere the said Mapledurham) gather it in the
wheate ershes about Mapledurham aforesaid (where in such like
grounds it still groweth, especially in clay grounds) who told me it
was called Honewort. — Ger. emac. 1017-18.

[The remainder of the description has been printed on p. 53.]

Yellow Bird's-nest. Monotropa Hypopithys L.
Orobanche verbasculi odore, MS. Good: 22 August 1620

This riseth up with a soft round very brittle stalk, seldome
8 ynches high, sett with thinn small short scaly leaves like skynns
growing close to the stalk, at or very near ye top of ye stalk
groweth one sometimes 4 or 5 small flowers in fashion like ye
flowers of Hyosciamns hiteus or of y© Cowslip every flower con-
sisting of 4, but most commonly of 5 leaves, growing all of one
height, evenly & of one proportion, & nothing like those of
Orobanche. In ye middle of every flower groweth a small round
umbo, no further out but just even with ye leaves, broad at ye top,
with a small hoale in the middle, and ye lower end of which groweth
at ye bottome of ye flower round, as bigge as a pease, so that it
resembleth y® suckbottle which children use to suck their drinke
out of, having small cheives growing round about it with purplish
tops. The root is obtuse, not usually so bigge as ye stalk, with
very few threeds growing to it, & groweth at ye very upper face
of ye earth. The whole herbe, flowers stalks & leaves are at
their first flowring of a whitish yealowe, or strawe colour, and being
broken or brused smelleth like to ye roote of a Primrose. This
I found in a hedgerowe in a ground belonging to Droxford farme,
neare ye foot path that leadeth from Droxford to Waltham, and
took this Description ye 22 of August 1620.

[This copy of a lost note of G.'s is written on the back of f. 249 of
Bannister's Herbarium Szcctim^ (Herb. Sloane) in the Botanical De-
partment of the British Museum, to which my attention was drawn by
Mr. J. Britten.

A similar description evidently derived from this same description
and an engraving of the plant are given by Plot, Nat. Hist, of Oxford-
shire, 1677, p. 146, who was the first to find this plant in Oxfordshire.
Plot gives the number of flowers as ' eight or ten': he adds that 'It
grows at the bottoms of Trees in the woods near Stoken-Church, and
we find it mention'd in some MS. notes of the famous Mr. Goodyer'.]

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

J 23

Toothwort. Lathraea sqtiamaria L.
Anblatum Dod. in fol. p. 553 ; Math. 689 (9). 15 Apr. 1621

Dentaria maior sine a^uXAo? Clus: p. cxx.

From the root riseth uppe 2 or 3 sometimes more slender brickie
stalks, hairy & full of iuyce, like those of Orobanche, 6 or 7 ynches
longe, garnished with many flowers thick sett together not much
unlike those of Satyrion or Orobanche, which doe all bend or looke
that way which the stalk bendeth or leaneth. On ye back side growe
2 rowes of leaves, or rather small whitish skinne-like scales, and
also amongst ye flowers there growe the like leaves : the flowers
past there come small hedds wherein is contayned very small s eed
the stalk soone perisheth, and leaveth the root in y® ground which
is composed of whitish scales like teeth. The stalks and flowers
when they growe in darke shadowie woods, are of a purplish color,
but when they growe where the sunne cometh on them, they have
no purple at all.

The scales on the root are not sharpe pointed as Clusius, Lobel
& Dodo: pictureth them, but round topped, as Math: hath best of
all by his figure expressed them. — MS. f. 87.

[This note is written on the back of an uncompleted order to the
Overseers of the Poor, dated Southwick 162 1.]

Cachryes. 28 Apr. 1621

[See under 9 May 1622.]

Juniper. Jtmipei'tts communis L.or^
luniperus sterilis. 15 Maii 1621

This shrub is in the manner of growing altogether like the
Juniper tree that beareth berries, only the upper part of the leaves
of the youngest and tenderest bowes and branches are of a more
reddish greene colour : the flowers grow forth of the bosoms of the
leaves, of a yellowish colour, which never exceed three in one row,
the number also of each row of leaves : each flower is like to
a small bud, more long than round, never growing to the length
of a quarter of an inch, being nothing else but very small short
crudely chives, very thicke and close thrust together, fastened to
a very small middle stem, in the end turning into small dust, which
flieth away with the winde, not much unlike that of Taxus sterilis :
on this shrub is never found any fruit. — Ger. emac. 1629.

Curly Pondweed. Potamogeton crispus L.
Tribulus aquaticus minor, quercus floribus [uvae]. 2 Junii 1621
This water herbe bringeth forth from the root, thin, flat, knottie
stalkes, of a reddish colour, two or three cubits long, or longer,
according to the depth of the water (which when they are drie, are

124

JOHN GOODYER

pliant and bowing) devided towards the top into many parts or
branches, bearing but one leafe at every ioynt, sometimes two
ynches long, and halfe an ynch broad, thin, and as it were shining,
so wrinckled and crompled by the sides that it seemeth to be

POTAMOGETON CRISPUS.

torne, of a reddish greene colour : the foot-stalkes are something
long and thicke, and rise up from amongst those leaves, which
alwaies grow two one opposite against another, in a contrarie manner
to those that grow below on the stalk : neare the top of which
foot-stalke groweth small grape-like huskes, out of which spring

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

very small reddish flowers, like those of the Oke, every flower
having foure very small round topped leaves. After every flower
commeth commonly foure sharpc pointed graines growing together,
containing within them a little white kernell. The lower part of
the stalke hath at every ioint small white threddie roots, somewhat

POTAMOGETON DENSUS.

long, whereby it taketh hold in the mudde, and draweth nourish-
ment unto it. The whole plant is comonlie covered over with
water. It flowereth in June and the beginning of July. I found it
in the standing pooles or fish-ponds adioyning to a dissolved Abbey
called Durford, which ponds devide Hampshire and Sussex, and in
other standing waters elswhere. This description was made] upon

ia5

JOHN GOODYER

sight of the plant the 2 of lune, 1622. — MS. ff. 120 a, 122 ; Ger.
.823.

[In the fair copy (f. 122) Goodyer altered the name ' floribus uvae '
to 'quercus floribus'. The rough copy (MS. f. 120 a) has the notes
' about ye beg. of July, or fortnight before Lamas ' and ' both begunn
to flower 2 Junij 1621' written in the margin. If the year 1622 given
in the text be correct, Goodyer would appear to have been at Durford
two years running on the 2nd of June.]

P o n d vv e e d. Potainogeton densiis L.
Tribulus aquaticus minor, muscatellae floribus. 2 Junii 1621

This hath not flatt stalkes like the other, but round, kneed, and
alwaies bearing two leaves at every ioint, one opposite against
another, greener, shorter and lesser then the other, sharpe pointed,
not much vi^rinckled and crumpled by the edges. Clusins saith,
that they are not at all crompled. I never observed any without
crumples and wrinckles. The flowers grow on short small foot-
stalkes, of a whitish green colour, like those of Mtiscatella Cordis
called by Gerard^ Radix cava minima viridijiore : viz. two flowers
at the top of every foot-stalke, one opposite against another, every
flower containing foure small leaves : which two flowers beeing
past there come up eight small husks making six several waies
a square of flowers. The roots are like the former. This groweth
abundantly in the river by Droxford in Hampshire. It flowereth
in June and July when the other doth, and continueth covered over
with water, greene, both winter and somer. — MS. ff. 120 a, 122;
Ger. emac. 823-4.

[The rough copy (MS. f. 120a) has the note 'in running brooks'
and a reference to Clusius cclij after the name.]

f Melilotus indica L.
Melilotus Indiae orientalis. 11 Junij 1621

This is in stalks, branches, leaves flowers and smell altogether
like Melilottis Italica Camerarii, but smaller more branched &
delicate, not growinge so high, & the stalks are greene and have
no redd at all. 1| The seed is also like, but smaller. The root
groweth downe right, and is small white, with a very fewe thredds,
and perisheth when the seed is ripe the same yere it is sowen.
II This hath not beene written of by any that I find. I receaved seeds
thereof from Mr. William Coys often remembred. — MS. f. 97.

Epipactis violacea Dur.
Nidus avis flore et caule violaceo purpureo colore, an Pseudo-
leimodoron Clus. Hist. Rar. PI. p. 270. 29 June 1621

This riseth up with a stalke about nine inches high, with a few

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

127

smal narrow sharpe pointed short skinny leaves, set without order,
very little or nothing at all wrapping- or inclosing the stalke ;
having a spike of flowers like those of Orobanche^ without tailes or
leaves growing amongst them: which fallen, there succeed small
seed-vessels. The lower part of the stalke within the ground is
not round like Orobanche, but slender or long, and of a yellowish
white colour, with many small brittle roots growing underneath
confusedly, wrapt or folded together like those of the common
Nidus avis. The whole plant as it appeareth above ground, both
stalkes, leaves, and flowers, is of a violet or deepe purple colour.
This I found wilde in the border of a field called Marborne, neere
Habridge in Haliborne, a mile from a towne called Alton in
Hampshire, being the land of one William Balden. In this place
also groweth wilde the thistle called Corona fratrnm. — Ger. emac.
228 ; Druce, pp. 6-7.

[In Dillenius' interleaved copy of Ray's Synopsis^ 1724, 'cum notis
MSS. Lightfoot, Yalden, etc.', at the Botanic Garden at Oxford is a
note, ' Limodorum Austriacum found in the border of a field called
Marborne near Habridge in Haliborne a mile from Alton. Mr.
Goodyer. See Camden's Britannia. I have searched for it in vain
several years '.

The identity of this plant is very doubtful. See p. 47.]

Woolly Thistle. Cniats eriop horns L.
Corona fratrum herbar. Caput monachorum. 29 June 1621

I found this wild in Hampshire in greate plentie by Haliborne in
a feild called Marborne, nere a bridge called Habridge, beinge the
land of Wm. Balden, & also in the next feild to it 29 Junii 1621. —
MS. f. 53-

[See under 1617 and 13 Aug. 1621 for the description,]

Black Bryony. T amies communis L.
Bryonia nigra florens et fructum ferens. Summer 1621

,, florens non fructum ferens.

This is altogether like the first described in roots, branches, and
leaves ; onely the foot-stalks whereon the flowers grow are about
eight or nine inches long : the flowers are something greater,
having neither before or after their flowering any berries or shew
thereof ; but the flowers and footstalks do soone wither and fall
away: this I have heretofore, and now this Sommer, 1621, dili-
gently observed, because it hath not beene mentioned or observed
by any that I know. — Ger. emac. 871.

[The first record for Hants : probably of a male plant.]

128

JOHN GOODYER

Cerinthe majoj' L.
Cerinthe flore rubro. 9 Julij 1621

The stalks or braunches for the most parte growe uppe of 2 or
3 foot high devided into branches even from the root, about which
grovve leaves out of order, not one against another like the yealowe
flowred Cerinthe, but somethinge lesser, of a greene and blewe
color as it were mixed together, also spotted with white spots on
the upper side, the topps of the stalks bend downewards, and send
forth amonge the leaves, out of cupps whose footstalks (not cupps
as Clusius was informed) are of a deepe purple color, longe hollowe
flowers like those of the said yealowe flowred Cerinthe growinge
but one in a place, of a redd purple color, which seeme to be
sprinckled with a certaine whiteness, which fallen there followeth
blackish seed contayned in small seed vessells two usually ioyned
together in forme like to the seed of Borage or redd Ciches, but as
bigge as a pease. The root is white and short with a fewe small
branches or thredds, and perisheth when the seed is ripe. —
MS. i. 120.

Caiicalis latifolia L.
Caucalis maior Baetica. 9 Julii 1621

An Caucalis pumila, Clusio Cur, post. p. 37.

The stalks are rough round straked, a cubite high or higher j
kneed or ioynted devided into branches, sett with rough iagged
leaves, of an herbie smell, on the topps of the stalks and branches
growe umbells of flowers, reddish before they open, after of a per-
fecte white color, the leaves that growe on the out side of ech
particular flower are greater and broader then those within ; close
under ech umbell groweth a rowe of greene leaves cutt and devided
into very small sharpe pointed leaves. After the flowers cometh
greate prickley burrs half as bigge as those of Xanthium sett with
rowes of large prickles everie burr when it is ripe partinge into
2 parts contayninge one seed a peece. The root is small white
threddie in smell like to a carrott and perisheth when the seed
is ripe. The whole plant in stalks, leaves and flowers is verie like
to the wild carrott. || The seeds hereof I receaved from M"" William
Coys often remembred, and he from Boelius a Lowe Contry man. —
MS. f. 95.

Xanthium Strumarium L.
Bardana minor. The lesser Burre Docke. ? 162 1

It groweth plentifuUie in Southwicke street in Hampshire, as I
have been informed by Mr. Goodyer. — Ger. emac, 810.
[Not included in Hants Flora by Townsend.]

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

129

Horned wild Cumin. Hype coon proaimbens L.
Hypecuon Clusii. 11 Julij 162 1

The leaves of this plant are devided into many partes, verie like
in figure and color to the leaves of Rewe but softer or tenderer,
and sometimes longer, spread uppon the ground ; amongest which
rise uppe many small stalks, growinge slopewise, about 6 ynches
longe, without leaves, but onlie neare the toppe where it devideth
itself into 3, 4 or more small branches and those againe sometimes
devided into other little short branches, with little tender footstalks
at their topps, ech foot stalk bearinge one small yealowe flower,
somewhat sweet, contayninge 6 leaves, but of a strange fashion,
and unlike other flowers, for it hath 2 leaves bigger then the rest,
with a greene strakc or line on the out side, (which is blunt and as
it were bowed or folded in) the other fower leaves are very small,
round topped and scarce to be seene, unlesse the flower be open,
which past there succeed uppon everie of the said footstalks or
branches, one longe crooked blunt topped codd, with ioynts knotts
or devisions contayning in the space betwene everie bunch or knott,
one blackish seed in a manner round, which is hard to be pulled
forth. The root is single sometimes parted, somewhat yealowe,
anuall, not livinge over yere, the whole plant with us is of little
smell or none at all. || It groweth not wild in England. I have
seene it growinge plentifullie in Mr. Coyses garden in Essex,
who kindlie imparted seeds thereof unto me, Anno 1620. —
MS. f. 97.

Convolvulus purpureus L.
Convolvulus coeruleus minor Baeticus. 11 Julij 162 1

This herbe hath many tender, small round weake hairie branches
a foot or a Cubite longe or longer, devidinge it self presently from
the root, some leaninge some traylinge on the ground none standinge
upright, or windinge them selves about anie thinge, whereon growe
rough leaves without footstalks, out of order, like those of Alsine
myosotis, L'obelij, narrowe neare the stalk, broad towards the toppe,
out of the bosomes of those leaves growe the flowers on long foot-
stalks, made of one leafe, like in forme and bignes to those of the
common Convolvulus minor, folded or plated when it is shut uppe,
into five folds of a bright blewe color, with raies of yealowe in the
bottom within, which fallen there succeedeth round buttons or
knapps, as bigge or little bigger then a pease, wherein in ech
button is contayned 2, 3 or 4 three cornered seeds almost as bigge
as Radish seed. The root is small white single, and groweth

JOHN GOODYER

downeright with a fewe threddie strings or side branches. Both
herbe and root do perish at winter. ||

The seeds hereof were gathered in Spaine by Boelius and com-
municated by him to my good friend Mr. William Coys who
yerlie doth carefuUie sowe the same and infinite other seeds of
strange herbes, and hath imparted thereof unto me. It hath not
beene hetherto written of that I knowe. — MS. f. 97.

Astragalus hamosus L.
Securidaca minor. Ob. p. 523. Adversar. p. 401. 13 Julij 1621
This plant is like to the greater Securidaca in stalks and leaves,
but altogether smaller, and of a darker greene color, ech little leafe
havinge a small nick at the toppe ; the flowers are very small and
white, (and not purple with us, as Pena hath it) growinge in small
tufts : after which followe round, crooked, sharpe pointed codds,
so sharpe that they will perce into the flesh, first bowinge downe-
wards to the footstalk, and then turninge uppe againe, like crooked
homes, wherein is contayned two rowes of small seed, in fashion of
a kidney almost round, in tast like drie pease or beanes, not bitter ;
of a darke color drawinge neare an ash color. The root is small
white with some threddes, and perisheth when the seed is ripe.
II Seeds hereof were sent me from Mr. William Coys a man verie
skillfull in the knowledge of symples, my singuler good frend. —
MS, f. 97.

Iberis umbellata L.
Thlaspi umbellosum marinum flore albo. 14 Julij 1621

An Thlaspi quartum parvum odorato flore Clusii, p. cxxxij.

This plant riseth uppe with one small stalk and divideth it self
ymediatelie from the root into many branches which are about
a foot high, greene, round, rough brittle straked as is the stalk and
everie branch devidinge it self into more branches, whereon growe
longe narrowe rough leaves, devided neare the toppe like to Corim
Cervimim Lobelij, of a bitter tast, which leaves sometimes turne
downewards : on the toppe of the stalks & branches growe umbells
of pleasant flowers, of a stronge but no pleasant smell, appearinge
purple before they be open, (the midle of the umbell alwaies
flowringe last) but beinge fullie blowen, they are of a perfect white
color, ech flower beinge made of fower blunt topped leaves, some-
times nicked at the toppe, and the two leaves that growe on the
out side, are neare fower times as bigge, as those two that growe
within, havinge short yealowe cheives in the midle, which fallen
there succeedeth || broad flatt powches, seed vessels or husks, forked

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

or devided into two parts at the toppe, ech huske coiitayninge two
flatt yealowish seeds, of a very bitter tast. The root is white and
short, with a fewe side branches. The whole herbe perisheth when
the seed is ripe. — MS. f. 98.

[A rough copy of the last five lines is written on MS. f. 11.]

Asclepias purpiirascens L.
Periploca recta Virginiana. 14 Julij 1621

An Apocynum Syriacum Clusii, p. Ixxxvij.

The stalk is bliintlie fower squared, upright, strait, not branched
fower or 5 foot high, straked, of the bignes of a finger, black
spotted, full of spungious white pith within, whereon growe by
cooples, one opposite against another, uppon thick short footstalks,
large, broad blunt topped leaves, with a whitish softe cotton under-
neath, of a light greene above, plaine and smooth not notched by
the sides, neare the toppe of ech stalk, exactlie against the leaves
(not out of the bosomes of the leaves) groweth forth about two
short rough footstalks, but one in a place, ech bearinge 4 or more
knapps like small buttons, which by nature turne downe, open and
appeare like a greenish flower, with five leaves ; above which
groweth the flower of a purple or reddish color, composed of
5 round small hollowe leaves sharpe pointed on the outside, ech
leafe havinge a short sharpe pointed pointell of the color of the
flower, turninge into the umbo or midle of the flower. — MS, f. 98.

Anchusa angiistifolia L.
Buglossum Scorpioides. 14 Julij 1621

An Echij facie Buglossum minimum flore rubente. Ob. p. 310.

This is like the common Buglosse in stalks and leaves, but
altogether smaller & lower, the topps of the branches whereon the
flowers growe, are more crooked, turninge and bowinge inwards,
the occasion (as I take it) of the name. The flowers are smaller,
the leaves thereof narrower at the toppe, at their first openinge
more reddish, and when they are fullie blowne, of a perfecte purple,
or black violet color, but in tast, savor, operation and all things else
alike.— 1/5. f. 98.

Ornithopus scorpioides L.
Scorpioides Mathioli. 16 Julij 16 21

Math. p. 895. Phyto. 568 (5). Ger. hath it not.

This hath many small round firme branches proceedinge from
one root, and those againe devided into other branches, whereon
growe leaves almost round, comonly 3 sometimes 4 together ;
whereof the midlemost is 4 times as bigge as anie of the other, both

K 2

1^2

JOHN GOODYER

stalks and leaves, are of a mealie white color, and are some what
like the leaves of Portulaca : the flowers are small, yealowe, like
those of Scorpioides repens Biipleuri folio VObelij\ but smaller,
growinge forth of the bosomes of the leaves, on long footstalks,
sometimes three, most comonly 4 together. After which cometh
on ech footstalk as many longe, small, jointed, slender, sharpe
pointed codds, bowinge like the taile of a scorpion or like to birds
clawes, wherein is contayned betweene everie ioynt one longe
slender yealowish seed like Galega, The root is small, white, with
a fewe thredds, and perisheth when the seed is ripe. — MS. f. 88.

Crucianella sp.

Rubia spicata Cretica Clusii, p. clxxvii. 19 July 1621

This hath proceeding from the root many knottie foure square
rough little stalks, a foot high, devided immediately from the root
into many branches, having but one side branch growing forth of
one ioint : about which ioints grow spread abroade 4, 5, some-
times 6 narrow, short, sharpe pointed leaves, somewhat rough :
the toppes of the stalkes and branches are nothing but long small
foure square spikes or eares, made of three leafed greene huskes :
out of the top of each huske groweth a very small greenish yellow
flower, having foure exceeding smal leaves scarce to be scene :
after which followeth in each huske one smal blackish seed, some-
what long, round on the one side, with a dent or hollownesse on
the other. The root is small, hard, woodie, crooked or scragged,
with many little branches or threds, red without, and white within,
and perisheth when the seed is ripe. — MS. f. 88 ; Ger. emac. 11 19.

Campanula puniila hort. C. ptilla e.
Lesser Bellflower. ^ [19 July 1621]?

Ye lesser Bellflower hath small, rough, round, straked stalks,
seldom braunched, or above a foot or a cubit high. The leaves are
rough, of a light greene colour, very lightly indented about y°
edges in form like sloe leaves, or those of ye wild violett, those
that grow below have footstalks, & those above are smaller, &
grow close to ye stalk without any footstalk at all ; the flowers are
like small bells, & devided in the toppe into 5 sharpe pointed
leaves, which are pointed in y*" middle devided in ye toppe in
3 pts. Some whereof growe alongest ye stalk, and some times
12 together in a bunch or Cluster at very toppe of ye stalk, after
which cometh ye seed cod in small rough (?) husks. The root is
white, small, strayght, with many threads & perennis. — MS. f. 8 v.

[Note on the back of a letter from F. Waller to Sir T. Bilson,
bearing date 19 July 1621.]

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

133

PJialaris canaricnsis L.
Phalaris minor Baetica Boelij, semine nigro. 20 Julij 1621

Is in stalks, height, leaves and scalie eares, like the greate
Phalaris, but twise as small, of a darker greene color, and the seed
is much smaller and of a blackish color. — MS. f. 88.

PJialaris minor L.
Phalaris minor Baetica semine albo Boelij. [20 July 1621]

The stalks growe not above a foot high, the leaves are whighter
then the other, the eares are also whighter, and scarce growe forth
of the greate hose or uppermost leafe, the seed is whitish in all
things else like the former. — MS, f. 88.

Phalaris bulbosa L.
Phalaris bulbosa Boelij. [20 July 1621]

Is altogether like the Phalaris with blackish seed in stalks,
leaves and spikes, but the roots are bulbus, like those of Catts taile
grasse, growinge most comonlie on the upper crust of the earth,
wuth a fewe small threddie roots hanginge thereat fastened within
the earth, the seed is of an Ash color or darke white, the bulbus
roots most comonlie live manie yeres. — MS, f. 88.

Valeriana Cormtcopiae L.
Valeriana mexicana. 20 Julij 162 1

non est Valeriana Indica Clusii.

The stalke is round, tender, brittle, verie much straked, hollowe,
greene, yet reddish in some places, & ioynted, devided into branches,
about 2 foot high ; at everie ioynt groweth two leaves^ those on the
lower parte of the stalk are crompled, not notched by the sides,
round topped, of a light greene color, verie like the leaves of garden
lettice (nothinge at all like the leaves of Lactuca agnina) about
4 ynches longe, and 3 ynches brode, with broad leafed footstalks ;
those on the upper parte of the stalke, are narrower, shorter, some-
what notched by the sides, without footstalks ; on the topps of the
branches growe the flowers as it were in umbells, and are longe,
of a bright purple color, everie flower contayninge 5 small round
topped leaves, whereof 2 are greater then the rest. The seed
followeth (sem. i. Sept.) growinge in chafifie scales or hedds, as
bigge or bigger then a wheate corne, blackish, seminge to be nothinge
but light husks and no seed.

The root is very small for the bignes of the plant, white and
threddie, and perisheth when the seed is ripe ; the whole plant
is without any manifest tast or smell. || Clusius, Gerard & Bauhinus

134

JOHN GOODYER

have written of Valeriana mexicana sive indica, but this herbe
agreeth with neither of their descriptions. I receaved seeds whereof
grewe this described herbe from Mr. William Coys often re-
membred.— f. 89.

Reseda Phyteuma L.
Phyteuma monspeliensium. Ger. p. 918. 21 Julij 162 1

The stalks are small, greene, round, straked, rough, creepinge or
leaninge neare the ground, a foot long, devided into many branches
imediatlie from the root ; the leaves are small like those of Ltiteola^
round topped, rough on the midle ribbe on the under side, some-
times crompled by the sides ; the flowers growe from the midle pte
of the stalk upwards spike fashion, not close together, on short
rough foot stalks ; beinge nothinge but thrumie whitish cheives,
like those of Rheseda ; ech flower havinge growinge close adioyninge
under it comonlie 6 small leaves star fashion, the flowers past. —
MS, f. 89.

? Malva stipitlacea Cav.
Malva flore amplo Baetica aestiva. 21 Julij 1621

This mallowe hath stalks and leaves altogether like the greate
comon high wild mallowe; but the flowers are as bigge againe,
composed likewise of five leaves a peece, of a lighter purple color
and makinge a braver showe, the seed is blackish like a half moone,
not rough [but finely straked on the upper side, twise as bigge
as the seed of the comon mallowe, growinge in a round circle
closely compact together within or at the bottome of a duble
huske, and covered over with a flatt spongious cake, blackish on
the upper side, so this seed in manner of growinge is contrarie
to the comon mallowe, this havinge two husks and a little cake
and seed underneath, and that having by one huske a little cake
but half so bigge, made only of the seed. The root is very small,
white, brittle, with a fewe small threddes hanginge thereat and
perisheth at winter. ||

I cannot find that this mallowe hath been written of heretofore.
The seeds were sent to my worthy frend Mr. William Coys by
Boelius who gathered them in Spaine, who with many other
imparted them unto me Anno 1620. — MS. f. 89.

Chrysanthemum coronarium L.
Chrysanthemum Creticum primum Clusii. 28 Julii 1621

The stalkes are round, straked, branched, hard, of a whitish
greene, with a very little pith within ; neere three foot high : the

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

135

leaves grow out of order, devided into many parts, and those again
snipt or devided, of the color of the stalkes : at the topps of the
stalkes and branches grow great flowers, bigger than any of the
rest of the Corne-flowers, forth of scaly heads, consisting of twelve
or more broad leaves apeece, notched at the top, of a shining
golden colour at the first, which after turne to a pale, whitish, or
very light yellow, and grow round about a large yellow ball, of
smell somewhat sweet. The flowers past, there commeth abun-
dance of seed closely compact or thrust together, and it is short,
blunt at both ends, straked, of a sand color, somwhat flat, & of
a reasonable bignes. The root is whitish, neere a fingers bignesse,
short, with many threds hanging thereat, and perisheth when the
seede is ripe ; and at the Spring groweth uppe againe by the falling
of the seed. — MS, f. 90 ; Ger. emac. 744-5.

Chrysanthemum coronarium L.
Chrysanthemum Baeticum Boelij inscriptum. 28 Julij 1621

The stalks are round, straked, reddish brown, devided into
branches, containing a spungious white pith within, a cubite high :
the leaves growe out of order, without footstalkes, about 3 inches
long, and an inch broad, notched about the edges, not at all
devided, of a darke greene colour : the flowers growe at the tops of
the stalkes and branches, forth of great scalie heads, containinge
twentie leaves a piece or more, notched at the top, of a shining
yellow color, growinge about a round yellow ball, of a reasonable
good smell, verie like those of the common Chrysanthemum
segetum : the seede groweth like the other, and is very small, long,
round, crooked and whitish : the root is small, whitish, threddie,
and perisheth also when the seed is ripe. — MS. f. 90 ; Ger. emac,

745-

Chrysanthemum coronarium L.
Chrysanthemum tenuifolium Baeticum Boelij. 28 Julij 1621

The stalks are round, small, straked, reddish, somewhat hairie,
branched, a cubit high, or higher : the leaves are small, much
devided, iagged, and verie like the leaves of Cotula foetida : the
flowers are yellow, shining like gold, composed of thirteene or
fourteene leaves a pece, notched at the top, set about a yealovve
ball, also like the common Chrysanthemum segetwn: the seed
groweth amongst white flattish scales, which are closelie compacted
in a round head together, and are small, flat, greyish, and broad at
the top : the root is small, whitish, with a few threds, and dyeth
when the seed is ripe. — MS. f. 90 ; Ger, emac. 745.

136

JOHN GOODYER

Prickly Beet of Candy. Emex spinosa Campd.
Blitum spinosum Creticum. 28 Julij 1621

est Beta Cretica semine aculeata Bauhini. Joynt Flower-topp.

This sendeth forth from one root many round greene straked,
trayhng, ioynted, small branches, about a foot longe : the leaves
are of a light greene colour, and grow at every ioint one, somewhat
like the leaves of great Sorrell, but they are round topped without
barbes or eares below, or any manifest tast or smell, very like the
leaves of Beetes, but much smaller : the flowers grow clustering
together about the ioynts, and at the tops of the branches small
and greenish, each flower containing 5 or 6 very small blunt topped
leaves, and a few dustie cheives in the middle : which past, there
cometh greate prickley shrivelled seed, growing even close to the
root, and upwards on the ioints, each seed having three sharpe
prickes at the top growing sidewaies, which indeed may be more
properly called the huske ; which huske in the inside is of a darke
reddish color, and containeth one seed in forme like the seed of
Adonis, round at the lower end, 3 cornered towards the toppe, and
sharp pointed, covered over with a darke yealowish skyn ; which skyn
pulled away, the kernell appeareth yealow on the outside, and
exceeding white within, and will with a light touch fall into very
small powder like meale. — MS. f. 90 ; Ger. emac. 1626.

Lathyriis Ochrus DC. or Z. animus L.
Lathyrus aestivus flore luteo. 28 Julii 162 1

This is like LatJiyris latiore folio Lobelij, in stalks, leaves, and
branches, but smaller: the stalks are two or three foot long, made
flatt with two skyns, with 2 exceedinge small leaves growinge on the
stalks, one opposite against another : betweene which spring up
flat footstalks, an inch long, bearing two exceeding narrow sharpe
pointed leaves, three inches long : betweene which grow the
tendrels, devided into many parts at the top, and taking hold
therwith : the flowers are smal, and grow forth of the bosomes of
the leaves, on each footstalk one flower, wholly yealow, with purple
strakes. After each flower followeth a smooth cod, almost round,
two inches long, wherein is contained seven round Peason, some-
what rough, but after a curious manner, of the bignesse and taste
of field Peason, and of a darke sand color. — MS, f. 108 ; Ger.
emac. 1628.

} Lathy r ICS Clyrnenmn L.
Lathyrus aestivus Baeticus flore coeruleo Boelii. [28 Julii 1621]
This is also like Lathyris latiore folio Lobelij, but smaller, yet

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

137

greater than that with yellow flowers, having also adioining to the
flat stalkes, two eared sharpe pointed leaves, and also two other
slender sharpe pointed leaves, about foure inches long, growing on
a flat foot-stalke betweene them, an inch and a halfe long, and
one tendrel between them devided into two or three parts : the
flowers are large, and * grow on long slender foure-square foot-
stalkes, from the bosomes of the leaves, on each footstalk one :
the upper great covering leafe being of a light blew, & the lower
smaller leaves of a deeper blew : which past there come up short
flat cods, with two filmes, edges, or skins on the upper side, like
those of Eruilia Lobelij, containing within foure or five great flat
cornered Peason, bigger than field Peason, of a darke sand color. —
MS. f. 108 ; Ger. eniac. 1628.

? Le7is escidenta Moench.
Lathyrus aestivus edulis Baeticus flore albo Boelii. [28 Julii 1621]
This is in flat skinny stalks, leaves, foot-stalks, and cods, with
two skins on the upper side, and in all things else like the said
Lathyrus with blew flowers; only the flowers of this are milk
white : the fruit is also like. — MS, f. 108 ; Ger. emac. i6z8.

} Lathyrus sphaericus Retz.
Lathyrus aestivus flore miniato. [28 Julii 1661]

This is also in skinnie flat stalks and leaves like the said
Lathyris latiore folio ^ but far smaller, not three foot high : it hath
also small sharp pointed leaves growing by couples on the stalke,
between which grow two leaves, about three inches long, on a flat
foot-stalk half an inch long: also between those leaves grow the
tendrels : the flowers are of the color of red ledd, but not so bright,
growing on smooth short foot-stalks, one on a foot-stalke : after
which follow^ cods very like those of the common field peason, but
lesser, an inch and a halfe long, containing foure, five, or sixe cornered
Peason, of a sand color, or darke obscure yealowe, as big as common
field peason, and of the same taste. — MS. f. 108 ; Ger. emac,
1628-9.

Lathyrus pahtstris L.
Lathyrus palustris Lusitanicus Boelii. [28 Julii 1621]

Hath also flat skinnie stalks like the said Lathyrus latiore folio,
but the paire of leaves which grow on the stalke are exceeding
small as are those of Lathyrus flore luteo, and are indeed scarce
worthie to be called leaves : the other paire of leaves are about two
inches long, above halfe an inch broad, and grow from betweene
those small leaves, on flat foot-stalks, an inch long : betweene which

138

JOHN GOODYER

leaves also grow the tendrels : the flowers grow on footstalks
which are five inches long, commonly two on a foot-stalke, the
great upper covering leaves being of a bright red colour, and the
under leaves are somewhat paler: after commeth flat cods, con-
taining seven or eight small round peason, no bigger than a Pepper
corne, gray and blacke, spotted before they are ripe, and when
they are fully ripe of a blacke colour, in taste like common Peason :
the stalks, leaves, foot-stalkes and coddes are somwhat hairy and
rough. — MS. f. 109 ; Ger. emac. 1629.

Lathyrus ttiherosiis L.
Lathyrus aestivus dumetorum Baeticus Boelii. [28 Julii 1621]
Hath also flat skinnie stalks like the said Lathyrus latiore folio,
but smaller, and in the manner of the growing of the leaves
altogether contrarie. This hath also two small sharp pointed
leaves, adioyning to the stalke : betweene which groweth forth
a flat middle rib with tendrels at the top, having on each side (not
one against another) commonly three blunt topped leaves, some-
times three on the one side, and two on^the other, and sometimes
but foure in all, about an inch and a halfe long : the flowers grow
on foot-stalks, about two or three inches long, each foot-stalk
usually bearing two flowers, the great covering leafe being of a
bright red colour ; and the two under leaves of a blewish purple
colour : after which follow smooth cods, above two inches long,
containing, five, sixe, or seven smooth Peason, of a browne Chestnut
colour, not round, but somewhat flat, more long than broad,
especially those next both the ends of the cod, of the bignesse and
taste of common field peason. — MS. f. 109 ; Ger. emac. 1629.

cia sativa (3 linearis Lange.
Aracus maior Baeticus Boelii. 30 Julii 1621

It hath small weake foure square straked trayling branches, two
foot high, lesser, but like those of Fetches ; whereon grow manie
leaves without order, and every severall leafe is composed of six,
seven, or more small sharpe pointed leaves, like those of Lentils, set
on each side of a middle rib, which middle rib endeth with clasping
tendrels : the flowers grow forth of the bosomes of the leaves, but
one in a place, almost without any foot-stalkes at all, like those
of Vetches, but of a whitish colour, with purple strakes, and of
a deep colour tendinge to purple towards the nailes of the upper
covering leaves : after which follow the cods, which are little above
an inch long, not fully so big as those of the wilde beane, almost
round, and very hairy: wherein is contained about 4 peason.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

139

seldom round, most commonly somewhat flat, and sometimes
cornered, of a blackish colour, neere as big as field peason, and of
the taste of Fetches. The whole herbe perisheth when the seed is
ripe. II This plant Boeliits sent to M^ William Coys, who hath care
fully preserved the same kind ever since, and friendly imparted
seeds thereof to me in Anno 1620. — MS, f. 91 ; Gcr. emac. 1627.

Vicia hitea /3 laevigata Boiss.
Legumen pallidum Vlissiponense Nonii Brandonii. 30 Julii 1621
This plant is very like, both in stalks, leaves, and cods, to Arams
maior Bcsticus, but the flowers of this are of a pale yellow or
primrose colour, and the whole herbe smaller, and nothing so
hairy. It perisheth also when the seed is ripe. || I received the
seeds likewise from Coys. — MS. f. 91 ; Ger. emac, 1627.

Vicia sativa var. leucosperma Moench.
Vicia indica fructu albo. Pisum indicum Gerardo. 30 Julii 1621
This Vetch differeth not in any thinge at all, eyther in stalkes,
leaves, codds, fashion of the flowers, or colour thereof, from our
common manured Vetch, but that it groweth higher, and the fruit
is bigger and rounder, and of a very cleare white colour, more like
to peason than Vetches. || Gerard was wont to call this Vetch
by the name of Pisum Indicum, or Indian Pease, gotten by him
after the publishing of his Herball, as Coys reported to me.
But the said M''. Coys hath (in my iudgment) more properly named
it Vicia frticiu albo : which name I thought most fit to call it by,
only addinge Indica to it, from whence it is reported to have been
gotten. — MS. f. 91 ; Ger. emac. 1627.

Pisum sativum L.
Pisum quadratum. 30 Julij 1621

Lotus siliquosus rubello flore. Clus: p. ccxliiij. Phyto. 668 (60).

This hath many round, hairie, branches, proceedinge imediatelie
from the root, longe spreadinge for the most pte uppon the
ground ; yet the topps or ends of the branches liste themselves
somewhat upright, whereon growe broad rough hairie blunt-topped
leaves at certaine distances 3 allwaies on one foot stalk, out of
whose bosomes growe round hairy footstalks, bearinge three other
leaves like the former but smaller, and one or two flowers like
those of Vetches, of a beautifull color like deepe redd or orenge
tawnie velvett, after which cometh uppe the codds, about 3 ynches
longe, havinge 4 wrinckled filmes or skyns growinge alongst them
viz. two on the upper side and 2 on the lower side, which make the
codds (?) appeare fower square when they be drie, wherein in ech

I40

JOHN GOODYER

codd is contayned about lo or ii round seeds, browne when they
are ripe, neare of the bignes of feild peason, and of the same tast.
The root is white and small, with abundance of thredie small side
branches, and perisheth at winter.

It begineth to flower in June, and so contineweth flowringe and
bearinge fruite till the extreame froste. — MS, f. 91.

[Goodyer sent a description of Pisum quadratuin to Johnson on
5 March 1632, but the text printed in the Herbal dififers markedly from
this one: cf. Ger. emac. 1198.]

Astragalus lusitanicus Lam.
Astragalus marinus lusitanicus Boelii. 31 Julii 1621

This hath five, six, or more round straked reddish hairy stalks
or branches, of a reasonable bignesse, proceeding from one root,
sometimes creeping or leaning neere the ground, and sometimes
standing upright, a cubit high, with many greene leaves, set by
certaine distances, out of order like those of Glaux vulgaris, but
lesser, every leafe being composed of fourteen or more round
topped leaves, a little hairy by the edges, set on each side of a long
middle rib, which is about nine or ten inches in length, without
tendrels : the flowers grow forth of the bosomes of the leaves,
neere the tops of the stalkes, on long round streaked hairy foot-
stalkes, of a very pale yellow colour, like those of Securidaca minor,
but bigger, growing close together in short spikes, which turne into
spikes of the length of two or three inches, containing many small
three cornered cods about an inch long, growing close together like
those of Glaux vulgaris, each cod containing two rowes of small
flat foure cornered seeds, three or foure in each row, of a darke
yellowish or leadish colour, like to those of Securidaca minor, but
three or foure times as big, of little taste : the root is small, slender,
white, with a few threds, and groweth downe right, and perisheth
when the seed is ripe. || I first gathered seeds of this plant in the
garden of my good friend M''. lohn Parkinson an Apothecary of
London, Anno 1616. — MS. f. 107 ; Ger. emac, 1627-8.

Vicia Faba L. var.
Faba veterum serratis foliis Boelii. 31 Julii 1621

This is like the other wilde Beane in stalks, flowers, cods, fruit,
and clasping tendrels, but it differeth from it in that the leaves
hereof (especially those that grow neere the tops of the stalks) are
notched or indented about the edges like the teeth of a saw. The
root also perisheth when the seed is ripe. || The seeds of this wilde
Beane were gathered by Boelius a Low-country man, in Baetica
a part of Spaine, and by him sent to M"". William Coys, and by

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

141

him carefully preserved, who also imparted seeds thereof to me, in
Aujio 1620. — MS. f. 107; Ger. emac. 1628.

Lathy riLs Ochriis DC.
Ervilia silvestris Dodonaei, p. 522. 31 Julij 1621

Ervilia sendeth forth 3 or 4 stalks or branches from one root,
somewhat like Lathyrus, but broader weaker and lyeinge flatt
uppon the ground : the leaves are about two ynches longe and an
ynch broad, with claspinge tendrells at the ends, without footstalks,
making the stalks flatt with their two edges, whole bendath on the
lower parte of the stalk onlie devided into 2 parts at the ends, but
neare the topps of the branches everie leafe is devided at the toppe
into 2, 3 or 4 small leaves. The flowers are small of a pale yealowe
or primrose color growinge but one in a place on a short footstalk.
The codds are short somewhatt flatt havinge 2 edges or filmes on
the upper side wherein is contayned 4 or 5 or 6 round ash colord
fruite, verie like feild peason of the same bignes, and verie neare of
tast. The root is verie small and threddie and perisheth when the
seed is ripe.

II I first observed this pulse in the garden of Mr. John Parkinson
in London Anno 161 6, and after 1620 I receaved seeds hereof from
my trewe frend Mr. William Coys, often remembred, with many
other. — MS. f. 107.

[Cf. L. Ochriis DC, 28 July 1621.]

Pis?im arvense L.
Pisum maculatum Boelii. 31 Julii 1621

They are like to the small common field Peason in stalkes, leaves,
and cods ; the diflerence is, the flowers are commonly smaller, and
of a whitish greene colour : the Peason are of a darke gray colour,
spotted with blacke spots in shew like to blacke velvet ; in taste
they are also like, but somewhat harsher. || These peason I gathered
in the garden of M'". lohn Parkinson, a skilfull Apothecarie of
London ; and they were first brought out of Spaine by Boelms
a low-countrey man. — MS. f. 107 ; Ger. emac. 1628.

Medicago minima L.
Medica Anglica minor 2 Augusti 1621

an Trifolium cochleatum alterum. Dod. p. 579.

Hath many fower square hairy straked reddish branches, grow-
inge from one root, two or three foot longe, and those also devided
againe into other branches, whereon growe smooth leaves three on
a footstalk, somewhat indented, very broad at the toppe, and
narrowe belowe, of the fashion of a hart, with a crooked black

JOHN GOODYER

spott in the middest of ech leafe. The flowers are very small and
yealowe, growinge on short footstalks, alongest the branches, forth
of the bosomes of the leaves, 3, 4 or 5 on a footstalk ; after cometh
small round fruits, writhen or wound together, flatt at the toppe,
prickley, no bigger then a small pease, wherein lyeth small yealowe
seed, in fashion of a kidney, but no bigger then a flea. The root is
small, whitish, groweth downeright with a fe we side branches and small
thredds, and perisheth at winter after the seed is ripe. — MS. f. 104.

Medic ago polymorpha L.
Medicae maioris Baeticae species prima, 2 Aug. i6ai

spinulis intortis.

Hath also foure square reddish streaked hairy trailing branches,
like the small English Medica^ but greater and longer, foure or 5 foot
long : the leaves are also smooth, growing three together, neither
sharpe pointed, nor yet so broad at the top as the said English
Medica, but blunt topped, with a small blacke spot in the midst,
not crooked : the flowers are also yellow, three, foure, or five on
a foot-stalke : after commeth a round writhed fruit fully as big as
a hasell nut, with small prickles not standing foreright, but lying
flat on the fruit, finely wrapped, plaited, folded, or interlaced
together, wherein lieth wrapped the seed in fashion of a kidney,
very like a kidney beane, but foure times smaller, and flatter, of
a shining blacke colour without, like polished leat ; containing
a white kernell within : the root is like the former, and perisheth
also at Winter. — MS. f. 104; Ger. emac, 1200.
[' leate ' in MS., probably = jet.]

Hedgehog Medic k. Medicago intertexta L.
Medicae maioris Baeticae spinosae species altera. 2 Aug. 163 1

The branches also creepe on the ground, and are straked smooth
foure square, reddish here and there, three or foure foot long : the
leaves are smooth, finely notched about the edges, sharp pointed,
without blacke spots, very like Medica pericarpio piano : the flowers
are small and yellow like the other : the fruit is round, writhed or
turned in, also fully as big as a hasell nut, somewhat cottonie or
woolly, with short sharpe prickles : wherein lyeth also wrapped
a shining blacke kidney-like seed, so like the last described, that
they are not to be discerned apart: the root is also alike, and
perisheth at Winter. — MS. f. 104; Ger. eviac. 1200.

Medicago marina L.
Medicae marinae spinosae species. 2 Aug. 1621

The branches of this are the least and shortest of all the rest.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

143

little exceeding a foot or two in length, and are foure square,
greene, somewhat hairie, and trailing on the ground : the leaves are
like to those of Medica pericarpio plano^ not fully so sharpe pointed,
without blacke spots, soft, hairy, three on a foot-stalke : the flowers
grow alongst the branches, on very small foot-stalkes, forth of the
bosomes of the leaves, (not altogether on or neere the tops of the
branches) and are very small and yellow, but one on a foot-stalke :
after commeth small round writhed fruit, no bigger than a pease,
with very short sharpe prickles, wherein is contained yellowish seed
of the fashion of a kidney like the former, and is the hardest to be
plucked forth of any of the rest : the root is also whitish like the
roots of the other, and also perisheth at Winter. — MS. f. 104 ; Ger.
emac. 1200.

Linaria tJiymifolia DC?
Antirrhinum minus flore Linariae luteum inscriptum. 3 Augustii62i
This hath at the first many very small, round, smooth branches
from one root, trayling on the ground, about foure or five inches long,
set with many small greene short sharp pointed leaves, like those of
Serpillum, but that these are longer, smooth, and three or foure
growing opposite one against another : amongst which rise up five
or six, sometimes ten or twelve upright round smooth little stalks
a cubit high, divided into branches bearing small long smooth
greene leaves, growing without order, as narrow as the upper leaves
of Oenanthe Angustifolia : at the toppes of the stalks and branches
grow clustering together five six or more small yellow flowers,
flowering upwards, leaving a long spike of very small huskes, each
huske having a small line or chinke as though two huskes were
ioined together, the one side of the huske being a little longer than
the other, wherein is contained exceeding small blackish seed. The
root is very short, small, and white, with a few threds, and perisheth
at winter.

II This plant is not written of that I can finde. I received seed
thereof from William Coys often remembred. — MS. f. 103 ;
Ger. emac. 1626.

Li7iaria serpyllifolia Lange?
Linaria minor aestiva. 3 Augusti 1621

The stalkes are round, smooth, of a whitish greene colour, a foot
high, weake, not able to stand upright : whereon grow long narrow
sharpe pointed leaves, most commonly bending or turning downe-
wards. The flowers grow in spikes at the toppes of the branches,
yet not very neere together, and are verie small and yellow, with

144

JOHN GOODYER

a small tayle : the seed of this plant is small, flat, and of a blackish
gray colour, inclosed in small round huskes, and you shall com-
monly have at one time flowers and ripe seed all on a stalke. The
whole plant is like to the common Linaria, but that it is a great
deale lesser, and the flowers are six times as small, and perish at
Winter. 1| I also received seeds thereof from William Coys. —
MS. f. 103; Ger. emac, 1626.

? Trifolium Lagopus L.
Lagopus trifolius flore ruberrimo. 4 Augusti 1621

This Lagopus sendeth forth many leaves presentlie from the root
three growinge together uppon a longe footstalk almost round softe
hairie of a light greene amongest which groweth uppe a round
hairy reddish stalk of a foot or a cubite high devided into certaine
branches under which growe the like leaves not so round but a little
longer. At the topps of the stalks and branches growe longe
heads or spikes about two ynches longe of a finger bignes made
of rough husks ech huske devided into five small narrowe parts
at the toppe out of which growe small flowers of a delicate bright
redd color, which fallen there succedeth in ech of those husks
a round thick yealowe seed. || The root is very small, white, short,
and perisheth when the seed is ripe. — MS. f. 106.

Tjdfolium ligiisticum Balb.
Lagopus trifohus maior Baeticus. [4 Augusti 1621]

Hath many small round weake hairy branches about nine ynches
longe proceedinge from one root traylinge on the ground and
those againe devided into other branches whereon growe small
greene round topped hairie leaves three together on a round hairy
footstalk like those of Trifolium flore albo but longer. On the
topps of the branches growe round hairie woollie heads amongest
which come forth small white flowers like those of Trifolium flore
albo but smaller, and have allwaies close ' adioyninge underneath
each flower three broad hairy scales and three leaves growinge
thereon like the former on a verie short footstalk.

II The Seeds of this Hares foot were gathered in Baetica by
Boelius, and by him sent to Mr. William Coys, who hath ever
since carefullie preserved the plant, and imparted seeds to me in
Anno 1620. — MS. f. 106.

Cnicus pratensis

Carduus bulbosus Monspelliensium. n. d.

Hath at the first manie leaves spread abroad uppon or neare the
ground greene above & somewhat white underneath and cottonie

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

145

about two foot longe, sometimes parted or devided into manic
parts, sometimes into verie fewe, sett with many small weake
prickles in fashion like the leaves of Cardtius viarum, amongest
which riseth uppe one stalke somewhat wollie champhered or
straked and devided into branches, whereon growe leaves like
the former but much shorter and smaller, on the topps of the
branches growe round buttons or hedds, not so bigge as an olive
sett full of small scales with verie short innocent pricks, forth of
which growe abundance of small purple cheives, and no borderinge
flowers like those of Carduus acaulis Septentrionalmm but lesser,
which past the seed followeth inclosed in downe like other thistles.
The rootes are bulbus after the manner of Asphodelus, the old
ones yerelie dieinge, and yonge succeedinge, as doe the roots of
Oenanthe apii folio. — MS. f. 124.

[It is a great pity that no locality is given for this plant. If
Goodyer found it growing wild this would be the earliest record for
Britain. The plant is now confined to the county of Wiltshire, whence
it was recorded for the first time in 181 3. Smith.]

Carlina lanata L.
Acarna flore rubro. 11 Augusti 1621

The stalk is round upright, straked full of white pith within,
about 5 foot high devided into many branches espetiallie neare the
root ; under which growe longe broad leaves deepely notched by
the sides, and sett with very sharpe pricks, very full of milk white
strakes, smooth above somewhat hairie on the vaines or sinewes
underneath : on the topps of the stalks and branches growe 3, 4 or
5 small hedds not farr apart, not fullie an ynch thick full of gentle
short crooked pricks by the sides, with purple cheives at the toppe
closely compact together, ech havinge growinge close underneath
him 3, 4 or more prickly leaves with reddish vaynes, the seed is
greate, broad at the toppe, blackish without, with a white kernell
within wrapped or inclosed in white downe, of a bitter tast, and is
more then twise as bigge, as the seed of Carduus marie.

This plant at the first sight is in stalks leaves and purple flowers,
verie like to our ladies thistle & is hard to be distinguished from it
but by the number of the flowers growinge neare together, and the
prickley leaves growinge close underneath them. || Mr. William
Coys receaved the seeds hereof from L'obell by the foresaid name.
Mr. Coys imparted of his seeds unto me, Anno 1620. — MS. f. 105.

Notobasis syriaca Cass.
Silibum minus flore nutante Boelii. 11 Augusti 1621

This Thistle is in stalkes and leaves much smaller than our Ladies

146

JOHN GOODYER

Thistle, that is to say, the stalkes are round, straked, somewhat
woolly, with narrow skinny prickly edges three or foure foot high,
divided into many branches, whereon grow long leaves, deeply
divided, full of white milke-like strakes and sharpe prickles by the
edges : the flowers grow on the tops of the stalks and branches,
forth of small heads, commonly turning downwards, of the bignesse
of an Olive, set with very small slender sharpe pricks, containing
nothing but small purple chives, spreading abroad like those of
lacea, with some blewish chives in the middle : the seed followeth,
inclosed in downe, and is small and grayish like the seed of other
Thistles, but it is as clammy as Bird-lime. || The whole plant
perisheth at Winter, and reneweth it selfe by the falling of his seed.
I finde not that this is written of It was first gathered by Boelius
in Spaine, and imparted unto M"*. William Coys, who friendly gave
me seeds thereof — MS. f. 105 ; Ger. ernac. 1627.

Woolly Thistle. Cnictis eriophorus L.
Carduus Eriocephalus, Corona fratrum quorundam. 13 Augusti 1621
It is the 6*"^ in Ger. p. 900.

This thistle hath many leaves at the beginninge spread on the
ground bigge longe very much devided very pricklie white under-
neath but greene above and somewhat rough ech leafe havinge as
it were fower rowes of small leaves betwene which groweth uppe
a stalk 3 or 4 foot high somewhat woollie thick straked devided
into many branches sett with leaves like to those which spread
uppon the ground but lesser uppon the topps of the branches
growe greate hedds with many thornie prickles and so cumpassed
about or fraught with woollines like Spiders webbs that the prickles
doe only a little appeare, the hedds openinge themselves comes
out the flowers consisting of many purple cheives, whereunto
succeedeth the seed inclosed with downe, shininge somethinge
longe as in many other thistles. The roote is longe with many
little thredds, above an ynch thick Russett without. It seedeth
not till two or three yeres after the sowinge, and most comonly
perisheth after it hath borne seed.

II I found this wild neare London highwaie on the east parte of
Haliborne in Hampsheire, 1617. And also in the highwaie neare
Abington leadinge towards Oxford the % of July 161%. — MS. f. 105.
[See also under 29 June 1621.]

E rod iu vi grii in ii m W i 1 1 d .
Geranii Boeticae, species Boelii. 14 Aug. 1621

This hath at the beginning many broad leaves, indented about

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

147

the edges, somwhat divided, like those of Geraiiiuni Cretictini^ but
of a h'ghter greene colour, and smaller : amongst which grow up
many round hairy kneed trailing branches, divided into many other
branches, bearing leaves like the former, but smaller, and no more
divided. The flowers are smal like those of Geranium Moschatiim^
but of a deeper reddish colour, each flower having five small round
topped leaves : after followeth small long hairie seed, growing at
the lower end of a sharpe pointed beak like that of Geranium
Moschatum : the whole plant perisheth when the seed is ripe.

II Boelius a Low-countrey man gathered the seeds hereof in Boetica
a part of Spaine, and imparted them to M"". William Coys^ a man
very skilfull in the knowledge of Simples, who hath gotten plants
thereof, and of infinite other strange herbes, and friendly gave me
seeds hereof, and of many other. Anno 1620. — MS. f 106; Ger.
emac, 1626.

[This species is probably the Geranium Alceae vesicariae foliis or
Venice Mallow-leafed Cranesbill concerning which Parkinson wrote,
'This and the third among a number of other seeds were brought me
by Guillaume Boel which he gathered in Spaine upon my charge ;
however Mr. Goodier getting the seeds from Mr. Coys, caused it and
divers other things to be published in his name: notwithstanding
I told him the charge was mine that procured it and many other'.
Theatrum, p. 707.]

Hedysarum humile L.
Hedysarum clypeatum. 14 Aug. 1621.

Hath at the first many smooth large leaves, lyeinge on or neare
the ground, ech leafe beinge made comonly of 7 or more leaves,
usuallie growinge on a cornered straked midle ribbe three one against
another, and the biggest at the toppe, sometimes one or 2 growinge
by them selves, ech leafe beinge about an ynch broad and 2 ynches
longe, and are proportionablie round both at the toppe & towards
the midle ribbe or footstalk; amonge which from one root growe
uppe 4, 5 or more round greene pliant straked stalks, leaninge
towards the ground, of a reasonable bignes about three foot high
bearinge by longe distances leaves like the former ; the flowers
growe at the topps of y® stalks on very longe footstalks in greate
spikes, of a delicate redd color, in fashion like those of broome,
after followeth rough round flatt burrs, growinge likewise in spikes
4, 5 or more fastened or growinge forthright one uppon another, or
one at the toppe of another after a strange fashion, ech burr beinge
verie like in fashion and biggnes to the burrs of Cynoglossum or
Hounds tongue, everie burr inclosinge one small seed. The root
[MS. ends abruptly].— f. 106.

L 2

148

JOHN GOODYER

Diotis mai'itima Cass.
Gnaphalium marinum. 20 Augusti 1631

Gerard pag: 515. The i & 2 are both one.

The root is longe slender yealowish woodie and groweth deepe
in the sande or gravell, and sendeth forth many small round branches
and those againe devided into other branches about half a foot
longe, besett with small short blunt topped leaves growinge all
alongest the stalk very thick together, without footstalks. The
whole herbe both branches & leaves are covered over with a thick
white delicate softe cotten like Gnaphalium Americanuni, called in
English ' live ever ' much whiter softer and more cottonie then anie
of the other Cotton-weeds. Of a bitter tast and pleasant smell,
somethinge like to sea wormewood. || The flowers I observed not.

I found one plant hereof growinge on the seashoare on the south
parte of the Hand of Haylinge in Hampsheire, the 20^^ of August
162 1. And brought it into my garden where the winter foUowinge
it perished. — MS. f. 103.

Sea Heath. Frankenia laevis L.
An Polygoni marini species. 20 Augusti 1621

This hath one verie longe whitish root of the bignes of a wheate
strawe, sett here and there with small threeds, creapinge farr into
the sand or sea baich, which a little within the soile sendeth forth
manie weake smooth greene branches sometimes devided into other
branches three or fower ynches longe above the grounde, bearinge
many smooth grasse greene short small leaves ; somewhat round
yet sharpe at the toppe, a little resemblinge Rubia minor flore ruhro.
There groweth at the topps of the branches very small whitish
flowers ^ contayninge 5 little round topped leaves a peece, no bigger
then a pinns head, which perished without bearinge any seed at all.

II This I found on the sea shoare in the west parte of the Hand
of Haylinge in Hampsheire and in other places by sea likewise.
I brought it into my garden where it flowred as aforesaid about the
midle of May.— f. 103.

Rhagadioliis edulis Gaertn.
Hieratium Narbonense falcata siliqua L'obelij. 22 Augusti 162 1
Ger. p. 285. (7).

The stalks are round hairy straked a cubite high ojr higher, devided
into many branches : whereon growe broad rough greene leaves,
very bluntly indented about the edges ; the flowers are small and

^ Flo; in horto 21 Maij.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

149

yealovve like those of Lampsaiia. The seed is small browne some-
what longe, hairie at the toppe, not inclosed in downe, but within
small heads, made of small short crooked hairie sharpe pointed
husks, not exceedinge half an ynch in lenght, which open when the
seed is ripe and spread abroad like larkes clawes starr fashion, and
not before. The root is small hairie, full of milkie iuyce, as is also
the whole plant, and perisheth when the seed is ripe. — MS. f. loi ;
Ger. ernac. 1625.

Rhagadiohis ediilis Gaertn.
Hieracium stellatum Boelij. 22 Aug. 1623

This plant is in round, hairy, straked, branched stalks, and longe,
rough, blunt indented leaves like to Hieracium falcatum^ but scarce
a foot high : the flowers are also yellow three times smaller : which
past, there succeed long crooked slender sharpe pointed cods or
huskes, neere an inch long, spreading abroad, star-fashion, wherein
a long seed is contained : this hath no heads or woolly down like
any of the rest, but onely the said crooked coddes which doe at the
first spread abroad. The root is small, threddie, full of milkie iuice,
as is also the whole plant and it perisheth when the seed is ripe. —
MS. f. loi ; Ger. emac. 1625.

Tolpis barbata Gaertn.
Hieracium medio nigrum flore maiore Boelij. 22 Aug. 1621

This hath at the first spreading upon the ground many long
narrow, green, smooth leaves bluntly indented about the edges, like
those of Hieracium falcatum^ but smaller : amongst which rise up
three, foure, or more, small, smooth, straked round stalks, divided
into other branches, which grow longer than the stalks themselves
leaning or trayling neere the ground : the flowers grow on the tops of
the stalks, but one together, composed of many pale yellow leaves,
the middle of each flower being of a blackish purple colour. — MS,
f. loi ; Ger. emac. 1625.

[In last line but one the MS. has ' yealowe flowers ', doubtless rightly
corrected to ' yellow leaves ' by the editor.]

Tolpis iimbellata /? minor Lange.
Hieracium medio nigrum flore minore Boelij. [22 Aug. 1621]

This is altogether like the last before described in stalkes and
leaves : the flowers are also of a blackish purple in the middle, but
they are three times smaller. — MS, f. loi ; Ger. emac. 1625.

Hieracium intybacetim L.
Hieratium intybaceum. [22 Aug. 1621]

This sendeth forth from one small root many rough leaves like

JOHN GOODYER

those of wild Cicorie very much lagged and devided even to the
midle ribbe amongest which rise uppe many short round hairy straked
browne redd little stalks a foot high or higher devided into one or
two branches bearinge a fewe leaves lesser then the former at the
topps of the branches growe greate doble flowers (bearinge many
more leaves then Clusius spakes of) sometimes single only havinge
the outer border of leaves of a pleasant reddish purple color. The
seed is very longe & browne with much white downe at the toppe
inclosed in heads made of crooked husks or codds like those of
Hieratium falcatum. — MS, f. loi.

Hieracium andryaloides Vill.
Hieracium lanosum. [22 Aug. 1621]

There groweth from one root three, foure or more round upright
soft cottonie stalks, of a reasonable bignesse, two foot high, divided
into many branches, especially neere the top, whereon groweth at
each division one broad sharpe pointed leafe, divided into corners,
and very much crumpled, and also very soft cottonie and woolly,
as is the whole plant : the flowers are small, double, of a pale yellow
colour, very like those of Pilosella repens, growing clustering very
many together at the tops of the stalkes and branches, forth of
small round soft cottonie heads : these foure ^ plants grew from seed
which I received from Coys^ 1620, and I made these descrip-
tions by the Plants the 22. of August, 1621. — MS, f. loi ; Ger,
emac. 1625-6.

Androsace maxima L.
Androsace altera Mathioli. Ger. p. 425. 23 Aug. 1621

Hath many leaves spread abroad uppon the ground like those of
plantaine but lesser with three sinewes, of a pale greene color,
notched by the sides, full of iuyce, in tast somewhat sharpe:
amongest which rise uppe six sometimes more small stalks a span
high of an herbie color sometimes purple, naked somewhat hairie,
which .in the verie toppe hath a little crowne made of 5 smalle
leaves hairy and notched like the lower leaves but smaller from
where growe forth 5 or more little footstalks bearinge a little herbie
hairie huske made also of 5 leaves notched also by the sides,
which hath a small white flower in the midle devided into five
parts. — MS. f. 102.

Bartsia Odontites Huds. var. alb.
Euphrasia 2 Dod. flo. albo. 24 Aug. 1621

Apud Bellmere pond. — MS. f. 53 v.

* The MS. has ' 6 including the two descriptions not printed in Gei'. emac.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

Climbing Fumitory. Corydalis claviculata DC.
Fumaria claviculis donatis. Phyto 246 (4). 30 Aug. 1621

At Southsea Castle in flower 30 Augusti 1621. — MS. f. 53 V.

? Lapsana Zacintha L.
Cichorium verrucatum. i Sept. 1621

Hath at the first many longe iagged greene leaves like those of
Cicorie but smaller, a little hairy & very bitter, amongst which
springe uppe round straked stalks 2 or 3 foot high, hairy belowe,
smooth above, devided into branches, bearinge leaves on the lower
parte like the former, but smaller towards the toppe. The flowers
are like those of Cicorie but very small, yealowe & growe on very
short footstalks, forth of the bosomes, on the sides, and on the
topps of the branches, which turne not into downe but into hard
hedds, with a little tuft at the toppe, composed commonly of eight
knotts, corners or bunches sett orderly round, wherein is the seed.

The root is white and short not much unlike that of Rapunadus,
full of small branches & little thredds. || The whole herbe perisheth
when the seed is ripe. — MS. f. 102.

Scorpiuriis stibvillosa L.
Scorpioides multiflorus Boelii. i Sept. 162 1

This Plant is in creeping branches and leaves like the common
Scorpioides btipleuri folio: the flowers are also alike, but a little
bigger, and grow foure or five together on one foot-stalke : the
cods are rougher, and very much turned round, or folded one
within another : in all things else alike. — MS. f. 102 ; Ger. emac.
1627.

Scorpiurus vermiculata L.
Scorpioides siliqua crassa Boelii. i Sept. 162 1

This is also like the other in creeping branches and leaves : the
flowers are something bigger than any of the rest, and grow not
above one or two together on a foot-stalk : the cods are crooked,
without any rough haire, yet finely checkquered, and seven times
bigger than any of the rest, fully as big as a great Palmer- worme,
wherein is the difl'erence : the seed is almost round, yet extending
somewhat in length, almost as big as small field Peason, of a
browne or yellowish colour. This also perisheth when the seed is
ripe. — MS. f. 102 ; Gei'. emac. 1627.

Sea Heath. Frankenia laevis L.
Polygonum alterum pusillo vermiculato, serpilli folia Penae. Ger.
453(3). 3 Sept. 1621

Hath many small round smooth hard woodie branches, somewhat

JOHN GOODYER

reddish, traylinge on the ground 9 ynches or a foot longe : whereon
by short distances on small ioynts grow tufts of very small short
blunt topped smooth greene leaves, in a manner round, like those
of the smallest time, but much smaller and without smell, devidinge
it self at the bosom es of those leaves into small branches, on the
topps of which branches growe small flowers, one flower on a branch
and no more, consistinge of fower small round topped leaves a peece,
of a faint or pale purplish color. I observed no seed. The root
is woodie blackish without, very bitter with some tast of heate and
groweth deepe into the ground. The leaves are nothinge so full
of iuyce as Aizoon.

I found it flowringe the 3 of Sept. 1621 on the diches bancks at
Burseldon Ferrey by the seaside in Hampsheire. — MS. f. 89 and
Ger. emac. 567.

Glasswort. Salicornia herbacea L.
Kali album. Dodo. p. 81. minus, Adversar. p. 170. 3 Sept. 1621
Ger. hath it not.

Hath many small round straked branches sometimes standinge
upright, sometimes traylinge on the ground, devided into other
smaller branches, sett full of small longe narrowe whitish greene
leaves, very full of saltish iuyce. The bosomes of the leaves are
thick fraught with very small bunches, husks or little buttons,
v/hich opened there appeare very small short pale yealowe cheives,
which are the flowers. The seed followeth which is [a blank
space]. The root is verie small white threddie and perisheth at
winter. This plant doth at the first viewe before you come very
neere it appeare like yonge broome. — MS. f. iii.

Nigella sp.

Nigella flore albo pleno. [3 Sept. 1621]

is the fourth in Ger. p. 925 accordinge to the description. — MS.
f. III.

Nigella Damascena L.
Nigella multiplex. Sept. 1621

Melanthium Damascenum flore pleno Clus.

The doble damaske Nigella hath small round smooth tough
stalks, devided into verie many branches, whereon growe the leaves
which are exceedinge small like thredds, verie finelie iagged and
of a darke greene color : at the toppe of ech stalk and branch
groweth one faire doble flower of a pale or whitish blewe color, and
close underneath ech flower groweth five iagged leaves altogether
like those on the stalks. The seed is inclosed in a head like the

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

153

former and is [a blank space]. The root is small and yealowe with
some threeds. The whole plant (except the doblenes of the flowers)
is like the single Damaske Nigella. — MS. f. 111.

Nigella hispanica L. 5'° Sept. J 62 J

Nigella elegans ex Hispania.

This beutifull Nigella hath small round straked upright stalks,
devided into branches, whereon growe lagged leaves of a pale greene
color, whose iaggs are not so broad as those of Nigella flore albo
plc7to, nor so narrowe or small as those of Nigella Damascena. At
the toppe of ech stalk and branch groweth one greate pleasant
flower, bigger then anie of the other sorts of Nigella, made of
5 sharpe pointed wrinckled leaves, everie leafe beinge about anynch
both in lenght and bredth, of a beutifull purple color above, and of
a whitish greene with a little shewe of purple underneath. In the
midle of the flower groweth the head havinge sometimes but 7 or 8
most comonlie 12 or 13 homes, at the first small of a deepe
murrey or obscure browne redd color, about which groweth manie
cheives of the same color, next and close above the leaves of the
flower, there groweth spread abroad 8 small forked leaves of a blewe
color, with a reddish line crossinge them at the first, and afterwards
havinge a white line close adioyninge, and one small short pointell
appearinge neare the midle of ech of those leaves. The leaves
of the flowers beinge readie to fall away, the heads appeare greater,
and are rough sett as it were with fine redd spotts, and the homes
are wound or turned round in the end. — MS, f. iii.

[Both of these descriptions of Nigellas were sent to Johnson but
were not included in the Herbal, cf. p. 1085.]

Convolvulus purpureus L. var.
Convolvulus coeruleus Bryoniae nigraefolio. 7 Sept. 1621

flos Noctis. non script.

Hath manie small weake round hairie browne redd branches,
growinge from one root, windinge wrappinge and turninge them
selves against the sunne, round sticks or poles that are sett by them
for that purpose : whereon by certaine distances growe greate
broad leaves, in a manner round, yet picked at the toppe, without
anie corners like Ivie leaves, verie like those of Bryonia nigra but
rounder, somewhat rough above and smooth underneath. Forth of
the bosomes of the leaves growe longe slender hairie footstalks, on
the toppe whereof growe 2 or 3 most beutifull flowers, not flowringe
all at a time but one after another, those that will open in the
morninge make some small shewe overnight, onlie wound together,
and not of half their growth, erlie in the morninge they appeare in

154 JOHN GOODYER

their full lenght, but ioyned close together with 5 corners, which
after in a short time open and are round like a little bell, like those
of white Bindweed, but of a delicate Azure or as it were a color
of blevve and redd mixed together, with five straight strakes or
lynes in the inside like redd darke colored crimson velvet. This
glorious shewe continueth but awhile, for towards night the same
daie that they open, they beginn to vade and fold themselves in
together at the toppe, and never open againe, and the next daie fall
quite away. Quaere, whether they do always so. — MS. f. no.

Centatirea salmantica L.
Stoebe Salmantica j^^^ Clusii foHis Cichorei. 8 Sept. 1621

Hath at the first large leaves about a foote and a half longe
spread abroad uppon the ground unorderly iagged even to the midle
ribbe and those iaggs are indented about the edges sawe fashion,
but not devided into other iaggs, ech small indentinge endinge
with a weake sharpe prickley point verie thick sett with fine softe
cotton-like hairines somewhat like the devided leaves of Cichorie
amongst which riseth uppe a round straked stalk 5 or six foot high,
devided into many branches, of a browne reddish color, with a softe
hairines like that on the leaves towards the root, whereon growe
leaves like the former but lesser and lesser upwards on the stalk,
the stalk and branches beinge very little or nothinge at all hairy
towards their topps, and bearinge very narrowe prickley topped
leaves almost without haires, not devided like the former, but onlie
deepelie indented, endinge with sharpe but weake pricks. At the
toppe of ech stalk and branch groweth one head sett on the outside
with smooth scales, ech scale endinge with a very small short harme-
lesse prickle, out of the toppe whereof groweth abundance of pale
purple cheives very like the flowers of Cardtms vulgatissimus, or
Carduus biilbosus moTispel. and not unlike the flowers of Jacea, but
havinge no larger spreadinge flowers on the borders like it, or like
the flowers of Cyaniis. — MS. f. 92.

Anthemis tinctoria L.
Buphthalmum vulgare. primum Matthioli. 9 Sept. 1621

Hath manie small round straked brittle branches cominge from one
root about 2 foot high, and those againe devided into other branches
covered with a little thinne white cottonlike woollines whereon
growe the leaves of a whitish greene color, spread abroad devided
into many parts and those small devisions are finelie iagged or
minced like the leaves of Tansie but much smaller. On the topps
of the stalks and branches growe the flowers somethinge like those

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

of Chrysantheminn scgctum but smaller no bigger then Camomill
flowers not onlie havinge a greate yealowe ball or dish in the midle
but also those small leaves which compasse the ball and likewise of
a bright yealowe color and are finely nickt at the toppe and comonlie
two, three, fower or five & twentie in number. — MS, f. no.

? Papaver hybridttm L.
Argemone Pavio. 9 Sept. 1621

Hath manie round hairie stalks or branches proceeding from
one root about 3 foot longe whereon growe longe iagged leaves
full of white milk-like iuyce as are also the branches. At the
topps of the branches growe greate flowers havinge 4 greate round
topped leaves a peece of a light redd or crimson color. The heads
or seed vessells are small smooth three quarters of an ynch longe,
wherein is contayned plentie of exceedinge small seed of a yealowish
redd color. The root is small and perisheth when the seed is ripe.
This herbe is like Papaver Rhoeas in leaves, stalks, flowers & milkie
iuyce, but the stalks are longer, the flower much paler & the seed
vessels longer. — MS. f. 113.

Papaver Rhoeas (3 setigerum Boenn.
Papaver Rhoeas Baeticum. [9 Sept. 1621]

I cannot discerne wherein it differeth from our comon Papaver
Rhoeas.— f. 113.

Achillea nobilis L.
Achillea sideritis. Tanacetum minus Dodo: Achillea Math: p. 213.
Achillea, sine millefolium nobile Gerardo, p. 915. 9 Sept. 1621
Hath sometimes 4, 5 or more round hard stiffe straked stalks
proceedinge from one root, and those sendinge forth even from the
root to the toppe many small side branches, whereon growe very
manie small iagged leaves, devided into many smaller parts, some-
thinge like those of Buphthalmum Matthioli but not so finelie
minced or iagged, the small side branches of the leaves verie well
resemblinge Cornu Cervinum Lobelij, of a whitish greene color and
of a stronge smell but not unpleasant, verie hott and bitter in tast.
On the topps of the stalks and branches growe large umbells of
small white flowers verie like those of Comon yarrowe in smell like
the herbe.— i]/5. f. 113.

} Alchemilla alpina L,
Heptaphyllum maius. Phyto. 651. (8). 11 Sept. 1621

The stalks growe upright and are round firme somethinge
hairie of a reasonable bignes 2 or 3 foot high devided neare the
toppe into many small branches, the leaves growe on longe hairie

156

JOHN GOODYER

footstalks out of order, everie leafe beinge usuallie devided into
7 leaves deeplie notched or indented by the sides, and those that
growe next the ground are comonlie 4 or 5 ynches longe and neare
1 ynches broad altogether like in color and fashion to the Comon
Cinckfoile. The flowers growe on the branches of a pale yealowe
color, made of 5 broad topped leaves, with a Iplunt nick at the toppe
of ech leafe, and are manie in number and flower one after another,
whereby it continueth longe in flowringe: the seed is small and
browne contayned in leafie husks or hedds. The root is short and
small brown without and white within with many strings or small
roots growinge from the upper parte thereof, and is perennis. — MS,
f. 113.

Lamhim Orvala L.
Lamium Pannonicum 1^ exoticum Clusij, p. xxxviij. 11 Sept. 1621
This strange Lamium the first yere after it is sowen, hath leaves
almost round, very like nettle leaves, but for the most parte much
bigger, with a fine softe hairines, and whilest they are yonge covered
with a fatt clammie matter as it were a dewe, indented by the
sides, growinge on longe softe hairie footstalks ; amongest which
leaves, the springe after the sowinge, there groweth uppe hollowe
stalks, 3 or 4 foot high, eyther fower square or with six corners
(for there are comonlie of both sorts growinge from one root) also
covered with a softe hairines, alongest which by certaine distances,
on short footstalks, growe sometimes 2 sometimes 3 leaves, allwaies
one right against another lesser and shorter then the other: out
of whose bosomes growe sometimes 2, sometimes 3 (accordinge
to the number of the leaves) small hairie footstalks, an ynch longe
bearinge 3 or 4 flowers or more, of the bignes of a pease, which are
of a pale yealowish greene color, hollowe within, with a small hole
at the toppe, out of which groweth a fewe small short cheives ;
after the flowers there succeed small sharpe pointed heads almost
like those of flax, but more like those of the Common Scrophularia,
full of very small black seed. The root is crooked with many
small, hairie threeds like that of the nettle, whose stalks perish
in the winter sendinge forth other againe at the springe, and some-
times before winter, and flowringe againe as at the springe.

j| I receaved the seeds which produced this plant, with many
other from the most worthie English Herborist, my very good frend
Mr. William Coys often remembred. — MS. f. 112.

Clary. Salvia Verticillata L.
Horminum silvestre tercium Clusij, p. xxix. ? [13 Sept. 1621]

Hath at the first hairie leaves spread uppon the ground about

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

157

five ynches broad and 5 ynchcs longe, bluntlie indented by the
edges, almost round at the toppc : amongest which rise uppe square
hairie kneed stalkes about a foot or cubite high, bearinge leaves
by cooples one opposite against another, like the former but lesser
and more sharper pointed, sometimes with two little leaves like
eares growinge on the footstalks of the leaves, of no ill or stronge
smell, the stalks devide them selves into braunches at the bosomes
of the leaves. The flowers are of a blewish purple colour (lesser
then the flowers of Clarie, and scarce bigger then Lavender flowers)
growinge in whorles to the verie toppes of the stalks and braunches
makinge longe spikes, which comonlie bowe or turne their toppes
downewardes, without anie leaves growinge amongest them. The
seed [blank]

The roote is greate of a finger bignes growinge downeward into
the earth, a foot deepe or more, with a fewe side braunches, black
without, hard lastinge, yerelie sendinge forth newe braunches.

It groweth not wild in England, the seed hereof I receaved from
Mr. William Coys with many other, in Anno 1620. — MS. ff. 11, 115.

[Rough draft of a description sent to Johnson, March 5, 1633, but
not acknowledged by him.] — MS. f. 11.

Cynosurus echinatus L.
Gramen cristatum Baeticum Boelij. 13 Sept. 1621

Hath many round ioynted stalks growinge from one root,
a cubite or 2 foot high, and greate longe leaves like Barley.
At the toppe of ech stalk groweth one eare or rather a one sided
bunch, an ynch broad and somethinge above an ynch longe, onlie
growinge on one side of the toppe of the stalk, so that it maketh
as it were half an eare, with small queveriiige cheive-like flowers,
like those of other grasse, and, verie thick sett with small whitish
haires makinge the whole eare appeare like a catts beard ; the seed
is small longe and brownish somewhat like that of Psyllium, but
nothinge so black, inclosed in very small whitish bearded husks.
The root is verie small beinge nothinge but verie small white
threddie strings, and perisheth when the seed is ripe. || This grasse
is not yet described that I find of. The seeds were gathered by
Boelius a lowe Contrey man in Baetica a parte of Spaine and
given to that diligent preserver of simples Mr. William Coys often
with very good cause remembred, who imparted seeds hereof to
me in Anno 1620. — MS. f 99.

[Goodyer himself noted that this species was ' Gramen alopecu-
roides spica aspera ' and that it was found ' by y® adiacent pts of
Shepey'. 11, f. 133. See p. 59.]

158

JOHN GOODYER

Briza maxima L.
Gramen tremulum maximum. 13 Sept. 1621

an Phyto. p. 10. No. xxxviii. Gramen lupuli glumis Boelij.

This hath many small round smooth ioynted stalks, 2 or 3 foot
high, with longe broade smooth leaves like those of otes or barley,
at and neare the toppe of ech stalk groweth scatteringlie or some-
what farr apart, about 7 or 8 flatt eares the topps hanginge down-
wards, about 3 quarters of an ynch longe, and a quarter of an ynch
broad, made of 2 rowes of fine thinn scales, curiouslie foldinge one
within another, verie like those of the comon Phallaris pratensis
but 8 times bigger, which eares in a close roome you cannott hold
so still, but they will wagge and tremble, their footstalks beinge so
longe and small, no bigger then small haires. The seed is verie
small, flatt and browne, in a manner round, one seed and no more
inclosed at the inner end of ech scalie huske. The root is made
of small white thredds, and perisheth when, the seed is ripe.
II The seeds also of this grasse were given by Boelius to Mr. William
Coys by the name of Gramen lupuli glumis, who afterwards in
Anno 1620 sent seeds thereof to me. — MS. f. 99.

Lactuca vivos a L.
Lactuca silvestris vera ingrato odore. 13 Sept. 1621

Hist. lug. p. 547, optima figura. Phyto. p. 202 N^ xii.

This wild lettise hath at the first many broad leaves spread
uppon the ground, like to garden lettice leaves, whiter on the
underside then above, sometimes a foot longe and 5 ynches broad,
broadest neare the toppe, with a greate ribbe or sinewe underneath
full of sharpe pricks, and many other small branches sinewes full
also of little pricks, very little nicked and crisped by the sides,
but nothinge at all gashed, yet also full of small pricks, amongst
which groweth uppe a greate upright round stiff prickley browne
reddish stalk, full of white pith like that of the elder, usuallie 5 or
6 foot high, (sometimes 10 foot high as I observed this yere 1621)
devided into many parts or branches, on the lower parte whereof
groweth leaves like the former, but upwards on the stalk they are
smaller shorter without footstalks, gashed or devided with deepe
devisions. The topps of the stalks and branches are garnished
with manie small yealowe flowers, like in forme and bignes to those
of the common lettice, flowringe one after another, which maketh
it longe in flowringe : the flowers past there succeed flatt blackish
seed like to lettice seed, with downe at the toppe and is caried
away with the wind and reneweth itself by the fallinge thereof,

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

159

which quicklic grovveth and sendcth forth such broad leaves as
aforesaid spread uppon the ground and remaine greene all the
winter, sendinge then forth such stalks as is aforesaid. The root
is hard woodie sometimes devided into branches yealowe without
& groweth deepe into the earth. The whole herbe and root
is full of clammie white iuyce like milk, and of a very loathsome
stinkinge smell, which on the stalks sometimes turneth into a
yealowish gummie matter.

II This wild stinkinge lettice I found wild on the walls and dry
bancks of earth at Southampton. Anno 161 8. — MS. f. 99.

Lactiica agrcstis L.
Lactuca agrestis. 13 Sept. 1621

This hath not leaves spread abroad uppon the ground like the
former, but riseth uppe presentlie with a small round stiffe stalk
prickley only belowe 3, 4 or 5 foot high, devided into very manie
branches, whereon growe manie pale greene plaine smooth leaves with
many pricks on the midle ribbe on the lower side and also by the
edges, the sides or edges are somewhat indented but not at all
crisped gashed or devided, sometimes 6 or 7 ynches longe and
3 ynches broad or broader, broadest comonly in the midle and
narrowe towards the toppe. The flowers are also yealowe like
those of the lettice, and turne into a small grey seed with downe
at the toppe which is caried away by the wind, by the fallinge
whereof it encreaseth and sendeth forth other yonge plants, with
short tender stalks, which remaine greene all the winter, and in the
springe growe uppe as aforesaid. The root is hard threddie and
yealowe without. The whole herbe is also full of white, milk-like
iuyce and of little or no smell at all, and perisheth when the seed
is ripe. — MS. f. 100.

Oenothera biennis L.
Lysimachia virginiana. 13 Sept. 1621

This riseth uppe with a stalk about 3 foot high, which is round
straked firme hard brittle full of pith within, reddish neare the root,
devided into manie branches, and spotted with very small purple
spots : whereon growe the leaves out of order without footstalks
5 or 6 ynches longe and above an ynch broade, smooth sharpe
pointed verie bluntlie indented about the edges, with a whitish
midle ribbe, hott in tast and bitinge the tonge. The flowers are
yealowe and growe forth of the bosomes of the leaves neare the
topps of the stalk flowringe upwards by degrees, whereby it continueth
longe in flowringe, and growe uppon longe tender stems everie

i6o

JOHN GOODYER

flower havinge 4 broad topped leaves, and a short yealowe pointell
not appearinge above the topps of the leaves of the flower, devided
in the toppe into 4 parts, everie part beinge bigger then the lower
parte of the pointell, and also yealowe cheives growinge from the
nailes of the inner partes of leaves of the lenght of the pointell,
which flowers are of a strong fulsome smell, and both they and
their tender stems fall away, and there groweth uppe greate
longe blunt topped, round straked codds, without anie footstalks,
makinge a longe spike of codds, wherein is contayned much small
round wrinckled seed which when it is ripe the codd openeth
into 4 or 5 parts at the toppe and the seed falleth forth and at
the next springe groweth uppe whereby it mightelie increaseth. —
MS. f. ICQ.

Nicotiana Tabactim var. hrasilieiisis Comes.
Petum indicum folio pene obtuso. 13 Sept. i5ai

Ye figure in Hist. Lug. p. 1895 resembleth it well. Peti primum
genus Clusii, p. ex: 309.

This groweth uppe with a greate round stalk devided into many
braunches, five or six foot high, verie hairie fatt and clammie ;
whereon growe greate broad leaves, somewhat round towards the
toppe yet endinge with a sharpe point, narrower & crompled
towardes the stalkes, without footstalkes, imbracinge or growinge
2 or 3 ynches downeon both sides of the stalk, belowe the fasteninge
or growinge of the midle ribbe to the stalke, about 20 ynches longe,
and above a foot broad, also verie fatt clammie and rough, of
a yealowish greene color, of a good savor and verie sharpe tast.
The flowers growe on the toppes of the branches, and are longe,
hoUowe, in manner of a little pipe or bell, broad at the toppe,
endinge with corners most comonlie 5 sometimes 4 somewhat
blunt not verie sharpe, of a pale or whitish purple colour ; which
fallen there cometh small longe round sharpe pointed heddes or
seed vessels lesser longer and sharper pointed then those of yealowe
Henbane, in which is included abundance of exceedinge small
blackish redd seeds, much lesser then poppie seed. The roote
is thicke, woodie, branched and yealowish. The whole plant
perisheth at the first approach of winter, if it be not planted in an
earthen pott or other fitt vessell, and putt into a close place to
defend it from the iniurie of the cold.

The seedes of this Tabacco I receaved Anno 1620 from my
worthie friend, and most diligent observer and preserver of simples
Mr. William Coys of North-okington in Essex. — MS, ff. 93^ 114.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

i6i

Nicotiajia Tabaciim vd^x. fniticosa Hook. f.
Petum indicum folio Hydrolapathi acuto. 13 Sept. 1621

The stalkes are also round and branched, somewhat hairie and
clammie, the leaves i^rowe also without footstalkes half compassinge
the stalkes, yet sometimes exceedinge narrowe towards the stalkes,
generally much narrower and longer then the former, comonly
2 foot, 2 foot and a half and sometimes 3 foot longe, and usuallie
6 or 7 ynches broad or broader, not round towards the toppe like
the former, but verie sharpe and slender pointed, smoother greener
and nothinge so clammie as the other, also of a sharpe bitinge
tast, and are in forme like the leaves of the greate water docke,
the flowers are also of a light purple colour, but smaller endeinge
with 5 sharpe pointed corners, much sharper then the former.
The seed is like the former inclosed in the like huskes, but some-
what sharper pointed. The roote is also like and must be preserved
from the cold as the other.

In Anno 161 9 I receaved the seedes hereof from Mr. Anthony
Uvedale who that yere intended to plante greate store hereof, and
was hindered of his purpose by a proclamation sett forth by
Authoritie.— ff. 93, 114.

Nepeta ttiberosa L.
Cattaria tuberosa radice Boetica Boelii. non scripta.

14 Sept. 1621

Hath 2, 3 or more square upright stalks, somewhat hairie, two
foot high or higher, sometimes leaninge towards or lyinge flatt on
the ground, devided into many square branches growing allwaies
one right against another, whereon growe leaves by cooples one
right against another, sometimes with short hairie footstalks, but
most comonly espetially on the upper parte of the stalk, with very
short or no footstalks at all, full of crumpled vaines or sinewes, and
large blunt notches by the sides, like those of the comon neppe,
but not so broad, of the same pleasant smell, but not so stronge,
and but a little hott and bitinge the tonge, sometimes covered
all over with a softe hairie cottonie whitenes, as though a white
frost laie thereon. On the upper parte of the stalks and branches
growe by certaine distances one from another crownetts or whorles
of manie small scalie leaves, somewhat reddish at the topps and by
the sides, compassinge the stalks : whereof two that are lowest and
biggest, and growe allwaies one right against another, amongst
which on the upper parte growe many blewish purple flowers
(those small scalie leaves and flowers makinge the entier whorle
or crownett) in fashion like those of the comon neppe, but neare as

l62

JOHN GOODYER

bigge againe, of verie little smell : the severall whorles makinge
a spike sometimes of above a foot longe.

The seeds hereof I receaved from Mr. Coys in A*'. 1620. — MS. f. 96.

Nepeta media. — MS. f. 96. (? = Nepeta Cataria L. var.)
[No description.]

? Sinapis alba L.

Sinapi sativum alterum Penae. [? 14 Sept. 1621]

Adversar, p. 68. Lob. icon. p. 277. pte 2^

Hath one stalk growinge from the root, which is round hollowe
straked hairie or rough 2 or 3 foot high, without knees devided into
verie many branches even from the root. The leaves are greate
and growe at the devisions of the stalk, with a verie little roughnes,
torne and devided into many partes even to the midle ribbe. The
flowers growe on the topps of the branches floweringe upwards and
are yealowe, very like those of comon musterd but bigger, and so
like those of comon cherlock that they are hard to be knowne the
one from the other, contayninge 4 broad topped shrivelled leaves
apeece : after the flowers cometh rough hairie codds growinge all
alongest the upper parte of the stalk and branches, bigger and more
spreading abroad then those of Cherlock, half whereof in lenght
towards the toppe is broad and flatt like to the point of a speare
yet blunt topped, and in the lower parte thereof towards the stalk
is contayned 2 rowes of seedes, havinge 3 or 4 round seeds in ech
rowe, either of a white grey or reddish color ; three times bigger
then comon musterd seed, and sometimes neare as bigge as Radish
seed, hott and bitinge the tonge like pepper, bunchinge out the
codd where they lie, and when they are ripe doe fall out with
a light touch leavinge behind on the stalk the midle (?) devision
which is a thinn cleare membrane or skinne and the speare like
point of the codds which continueth on a longe time after. The
root is small white threddie and perisheth when the seed is ripe,
and reneweth it self yerelie by the fallinge thereof. — MS. f. 96.

Blue Fleabane. Erigeron acre L.
Conyza coerulea acris, C. Bau. Conyza odorata. 20 Sept. 1621
Hath at the first many hairie leaves 2, 3 or 4 ynches longe,
spread uppon the ground without footstalks, verie slender and
narrowe belowe, and half an ynch broad towards the toppe, plaine
and not indented by the edges, hott in tast and bitinge the tonge,
of a reasonable good smell: amongest which rise uppe 2, 3 or more
small round browne redd straked hairie stalks, full of white pith
within, a foot or a cubite high seldome devided into branches on

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

163

the lower ptc, whereon growe hairy leaves out of order without
footstalks, like the other but much shorter and smaller, about an
ynch and a half longe, and a quarter of an ynch broad comonly
turninge downewards, with other very small short leaves growinge
forth of their bosomes, or els very short stubbed branches. On the
upper pte the stalke is devided into many small short branches,
bearinge at the toppe of ech branch one little head, made on the
outside of many verie slender narrowe hairie stalks comonly reddish,
on the upper parte of the head groweth verie manie small narrowe
short leaves no bigger than cheives of a pale or light purple color,
seldome spreadinge abroade, but growinge upright, which together
with the head are about half an ynch in lenght : next within these
leaves and verie neare of their lenght even at their first openinge,
appeareth a round circle of pale yealowish downe, which in the midle
of the flower is of a dark browne color and in the ende spreadeth
abroad and contayneth underneath much small yealowish seed,
which together with the downe is caried away with the wind. The
whole head rubbed betwene the fingers is of a good smell. The
root is nothinge but small white thredds and dyeth not at winter.
II I first found this herbe growinge wild on the walls at Winchester
in Hampsheire, afterwards in other places on dry bancks, but very
seldome. — 31 S. f. 95.

Ivy-leaved Toadflax. Linaria Cymbalaria Mill.
Cymbalaria Italica. 20 Sept. 1621

Cymbalaria with us in England, where it is so wen runneth and
spreadeth on the ground and clymeth and hangeth on walls even
as Ivie or Chickweed doth, the branches are verie small round and
smooth, limmer and pliant neare like the hampering threeds of
Cuscuta devidinge it self plentifullie into other branches and
sendinge forth other small threddie roots takinge hold therewith
on the earth or walls. The leaves growe on long round footstalks
and are like those of Ivie smooth and devided into moe corners,
the flowers growe also on longe footstalks forth of the bosomes
of the leaves like single violetts but smaller, nearer like the flowers
of Elatine consistinge of % leaves, whereof the uppermost is on the
upper parte of a light purple color and devided at the toppe into
a parte, the lower leafe is three times bigger, of a pale or whitish
color with a verie light dash of purple, and the midle or chappe is
yealov/e, devided belowe into 3 pts, with a small purple taile behind
hanginge downewards, which fallen there succeedeth in the place of
the flower some little round knappe or button contayninge small seed.

M %

164

JOHN GOODYER

II I never saw this growinge but in the garden of my faithful! good
frend Mr. William Coys in Northokington in Essex, and in my
garden at Droxford of seeds receaved from him in Anno 1618. —
MS. f. 95.

[The first mention of English Cyinbalaria is in Coys' Garden-List
of 1617, p. 317. It is a pleasure to note that after the lapse of
245 years the original station for this plant in Great Britain should
be noted by Gibson, Flora of Essex, 1862, on the authority of Edw.
Forster, as ' Old wall at Stubbers ', and we ourselves found it there
in 1921. Parkinson noted the plant 'about Hatfield' in 1640.]

Scabiosa atropurpiirea L.
Scabiosa flore rubro. Scabiosa sexta Indica Clusii. 8 Oct.

Hath one round tender stalk proceeding from the root, about
3 or 4 foot high, devided into branches ymediately from the root :
whereon growe leaves by cooples much devided as it were leaves
sett uppon a midle ribbe and are verie narrowe towards the toppes
of the stalk and branches, almost smooth yet havinge a little soft
hairines as have also the stalk and branches, in forme like those of
Scabiosa minor sive Columbaria lobelii. The flowers growe on the
toppes of the stalk and branches like the said Scabiosa media, but
of a delicate redd color like to redd velvett, with many small cheives,
with quaveringe topps, at the first of a light purple, after of a dustie
whitish color, ech head beinge composed of many small flowers
closelie thrust together, and ech flower is devided into 5 ptes or
leaves those that growe on the outside or border of the head are
greater and longer then those in the midle, allwaies having close
underneath ech head, a rowe or circle of small short narrowe greene
leaves growinge starr fashion. The seed

The root [MS. incomplete].

II This plant I sawe flowringe and bearinge ripe seed in the
garden of my most worthie friend and diligent preserver of plants
Mr. William Coys, in Northokington in Essex, the 29 of September
1622. Seeds hereof I also receaved from him in Anno 1620. —
MS, f. 94.

Jacea palustris Baetica Boelii. — MS. f. 94. 10 Oct. 1621

[No description.]

Centatirea nevadensis Boiss. & Reut. ?
Jacea capitulis hirsutis Boelii. 10 Oct. 1621

This hath many small cornered straked hairie trayling branches
growing from the root, and those again divided into many other
branches, trailing or spreading upon the ground three or foure foot

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

long, imploying or covering a good plot of ground, whereon grow
hairy leaves divided or iagged into many parts, like the leaves ot
lacea maior, or Rocket, of a very bitter taste : at the top of each
branch groweth one scaly head, each scale ending with five, six, or
seven little weake prickles growing orderly like halfe the rowell of
a spurre, but farre lesser: the flowers grow forth of the heads
of a light purple colour, consisting of many smal flowers, like
those of the common lacea, the bordering flowers, being bigger and
larger than those of the middle of the flower, each small flower
being divided into five small parts or leaves, not much unlike
those of Cyamis : the seed is small, and inclosed in downe. The
root perisheth when the seed is ripe.

II This plant hath not been hitherto written of that I can find.
Seeds of it I received from M'. William Coys, with whom also
I observed the plant, lo October. 1621. he received it from Boelitis
a Low countrey man. — MS. f. 94; Ger. emac, 729.

Cnairbita Pepo L. var.
Macocks Virginiani. 10 Oct. 1621

The Virginian Macocke, or Pompion.

This hath rough cornered straked trailing branches proceeding
from the root, eight or nine foot long, or longer, and those againe
divided into other branches of a blackish greene colour, trailing,
spreading, or running alongst the earth, covering a great deale of
ground, sending forth broad cornered rough leaves, on great grosse,
long, rough, hairy foot-stalks, like and fully as big as the leaves
of the common Pompion, with clasping tendrels and great broad
shriveled yellow flowers also like those of the common Pompion :
the fruit succeedeth, growing alongst the stalkes, commonly not
neere the root, but towards the upper part or toppes of the
branches, somewhat round, not extending in length, but flat like
a bowle, but not so bigge as an ordinarie bowle, beeing seldome foure
inches broad, and three inches long, of a blackish greene colour
when it is ripe. The substance or eatable part is of a yellowish
white colour, containing in the middest a great deale of pulpe or
soft matter, wherein the seed lyeth in certaine rowes also, like the
common Pompion, but smaller. The root is made of many whitish
branches, creeping far abroad in the earth, and perish at the first
j approch of Winter. — Ger. emac. 919.

Citrtillus vulgaris Schrad.
i M clones Aquatici. The Virginian Water-Melon. 10 Oct. 1621
This Melon or Pompion is like and fully as bigge as the common

i66

JOHN GOODYER

Pompion, in spreading, running, creeping branches, leaves, flowers,
and clasping tendrels : the fruit is of a very blackish greene colour
and extendeth it selfe in length neere foure inches long, and three
inches broad, no bigger nor longer than a great apple, and grow
alongst the branches forth of the bosomes of the leaves, not farre
from the root even to the toppes of the branches, containing a sub-
stance, pulpe, and flat seed, like the ordinary Pompion : the root is
whitish, and disperseth it selfe verie farre abroad in the earth, and
perisheth about the beginning of Winter. — Ger, emac, 921.

Basil. Ocimum Basilicum L.
Acinos odoratissimum. 11 Oct. 1621

This herbe hath foure, five, or more, foure square hard wooddy
stalkes growing from one root, divided into many branches, covered
with a soft white hairinesse, two or three foot long or longer, not
growing upright, but trailing upon the ground ; the leaves grow on
little-short footstalkes by couples of a light greene colour, some-
what like the leaves of Basill, very like the leaves of Acinos Lobelij,
but smaller, about three quarters of an inch broad, and not fully an
inch long, somewhat sharpe pointed, lightly notched about the
edges, also covered with a light soft hoary hairinesse, of a very
sweete smell, little inferiour to Garden Marjerome, of a hot biting
taste : out of their bosomes grow other smaller leaves, or else
branches ; the flowers also grow forth of the bosomes of the leaves
toward the tops of the stalkes and branches, not in whorles like the
said Acinos, but having one little short footstalke growing forth of
the bosome of each leafe, on which is placed three, foure, or more
small flowers, gaping open, and divided into foure unequall parts
at the top, like the flowers of Basill, and very neare of the likenesse
and bignesse of the flowers of Garden Marjerome, but of a pale
blewish colour tending towards a purple. The seed I never
observed by reason it flowered late. This plant I first found
growing in the garden of M'^' William Yalden in Sheete near
Petersfield in Hampshire, Anno 1620, amongst sweete Marjerome,
and which by chance they bought with the seedes thereof. It is
to be considered whether the seedes of sweete Marjerome degenerate
and send forth this herbe or not, 11 October 1621. — Ger. emac. 677.
[See 1620.]

Jerusalem Artichoke. Helianthus tuber osus L.
Heliotropium Indicum. 17 Oct. 1621

Flos soils Pyramidalis, parvo flore, tuberosa radice.

This wonderful 1 increasing plant hath growing up from one root,

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

167

one, sometimes two, three or more round green rough hairy straked
stalks, commonly about twelve foot high, sometimes sixteene foot
high or higher, as big as a childs arme, full of white spungious pith
within. The leaves grow all alongst the stalkes out of order, of
a light green color, rough, sharp pointed, about eight inches broad,
and ten or eleven inches long, deeply notched or indented about
the edges, very like the leaves of the common flos solis Pervanns^
but nothing crompled, and not so broad. The stalkes divide them-
selves into many long branches even from the roots to their very
tops, bearing leaves smaller and smaller toward the tops, makinge
the herbe appeare like a little tree, narrower and slenderer toward
the top, in fashion of a steeple or Pyramide. The flowers with us
grow onely at the toppes of the stalkes and branches, like those of
the said flos solis, but no bigger than our common single Marigold,
consisting of twelve or thirteene straked sharpe pointed bright
yellow bordering leaves, growing foorth of a scaly small hairie
head, with a small yellow thrummie matter within. These flowers
by reason of their late flowering, which is commonly two or three
weeks after Michaelmas, never bring their seed to perfection, & it
maketh shew of abundance of small heads neere the tops of the
stalkes and branches forth of the bosomes of the leaves, which
never open and flower with us, by reason they are destroyed with
the frosts, which otherwise it seemes would be a goodly spectacle.
The stalke sendes foorth many small creeping roots, whereby it is
fed or nourished, full of hairie threddes even from the upper part
of the earth, spreading farre abroad : amongst which from the
maine root grow forth many tuberous roots, clustering together,
sometimes fastened to the great root it selfe, sometimes growing on
long strings a foot or more from the root, raising or heaving up
the earth above them, and sometimes appearing above the earth,
producing from the increase of one root, thirty, forty, or fifty in
number, or more, making in all usually above a pecke, many times
neere halfe a bushell, if the soile be good. These tuberous roots
are of a reddish colour without, of a soft white substance within,
bunched or bumped out many waies, sometimes as big as a mans
fist, or not so big, with white noses or peaks where they will sprout
or grow the next yeare. The stalkes bowed downe, and some part
of them covered over with earth, send forth smal creeping threddie
roots, and also tuberous roots like the former, which I have found
by experience. These tuberous roots will abide alive in the earth
all winter, though the stalkes and rootes by the which they were
nourished utterly rot and perish away, and will beginne to spring

i68

JOHN GOODYER

up againe at the beginning of May, seldome sooner. — MS, f. ii6;
Ger. emac. 753-54*

[For Goodyer's descriptions of The Place and The Vertues which
follow see p. 24, also p. 109.]

Yew. Taxus baccata L.
Taxus gland ifera baccifera. 19 Dec. i6ai

The Yew bearing Acorns & berryes.

The Yew tree that beareth Acornes and berries is a great high
tree remaining alwaies greene, and hath usually an huge trunke or
body as big as the Oke, covered over with a scabbed or scaly barke,
often pilling or falling off, and a yong smooth barke appearing
underneath ; the timber hereof is somewhat red, neere as hard as
Box, universally covered next the barke with a thicke white sap
like that of the Oke, and hath many big limmes divided into many
smal spreading branches : the leaves be about an inch long, narrow
like the leaves of Rosemary, but smooth, and of a darker greene
colour, growing all alongst the little twigs or branches close
together, seldome one opposite against another, often having at the
ends of the twigs little bunches composed of many leaves like
the former, but shorter and broader, closely compact or ioyned
together : amongst the leaves are to be scene at all times of the
yeare, small slender buds somewhat long, but never any flowers ;
which at the very beginning of the Spring grow bigger and bigger,
till they are of the fashion of little Acornes, with a white kernell
within : after they are of this forme, then groweth up from the
bottomes of the Acornes a reddish matter, making beautiful reddish
berries more long than round, smooth on the out side, very
clammie within, and of a sweet taste, covering all the Acorne,
onely leaving a little hole at the top, where the top of the Acorne
is to be scene : these fallen, or devoured by birds, leave behinde
them a little whitish huske made of a few scales, appearing like
a little flower, which peradventure may deceive some, taking it to
be so indeed : it seemes this tree, if it were not hindred by cold
weather, would alwaies have Acornes and berries on him, for he
hath alwaies little buds, which so soone as the Spring yeelds but
a reasonable heate, they grow into the forme of Acornes : about
the beginning of August, seldome before, you shall finde them
turned into ripe berries, and from that time till Christmasse, or
a little after, you may see on him both Acornes and red berries. —
MS, f. 119; Ger. emac, 1370.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS 169

Male Yew. Taxtis baccata L. o^.
Taxus tantum florens. The Yew w*** only flowers.

The Yew which onely beareth flowers and no berries, is like the

Goodyer's description of the Yew with additions in
Johnson's hand* *.

other in trunke, timber, barke, and leaves ; but at the beginning of
November, or before, this tree doth beginne to be very thicke set or
fraught on the lower side or part of the twigs or little branches,

170

JOHN GOODYER

with small round buds, verie neere as big, and of the colour of
Radish seed, and do so continue all the Winter, till about the
beginning or middle of Februarie, when they open at the top,
sending forth one small sharpe pointell, little longer than the huske,
divided into many parts, or garnished towards the top with many
small dusty things like flowers, of the colour of the husks ; and if
you shall beate or throw stones into this tree about the end of
Februarie, or a good space after, there will proceed and fly from
these flowers an aboundance of dustie smoke. These dusty flowers
continue on the trees till about harvest, and then some and some
fall away, and shortly after the round buds come up as aforesaid.

The Place,

Theis trees are both very comon in England, in Hampsheire
there is good plentie of them growinge wild on the Chalke hills,
and in Church yards where they have byn planted.

The Time.

The time is expressed in their descriptions. — MS. f. 119; Ger.
emac. 1370-71.

[The first record of the Male Yew in Hampshire.]

Calathian Violet. Ge^ttiana Pneumona7ithe L.
Pneumonanthe. [After 9 Nov. 1621]

hath a small round stalk 3 or 4 ynches high, on wch growe
small narrow leaves, half an ynch long, which are curvd in the
midle very like y® leaves of savery, sett thick but orderly by
cooples one opposite ye other on y® toppe of ye stalk groweth one
flower an ynch longe of the fashion of a bell, devided at y® brim
into 5 sharpe pointed corners of a perfect blewe color, except 5
plates or strakes wh. are only to be scene before y^ flower openeth,
extending from y® bottome of ye flower to corner, which are not so
pleasant a blew color, the seed I observed not. Ye root is small
divided at ye upper parte into a fewe small (yet of a sufficient
bignes for ye stature of y® herbe) yealowish lyner branches or
fibres. Both leaves and rootes are bitter, and ye root more bitter
than the leaves & bitinge ye tonge. — MS. f. 9 v.

Marsh Cinquefoil. Poteutilla Comarum Nutt.
Quinquefolium palustre. [After 9 Nov. 162 1]

The stalks are lyner bendinge pliant round smooth a foot long
as bigg as a wheate straw of" a reddish color towards ye root,
ioynted, at ech ioynt groweth a [leafe] foot-stalk which whooly be-
clippeth the knott or ioynt, on whose toppe groweth five leaves of

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

ye fashion of other cinckfoyles nicket about ye edges, of a mealish
greene colour above and whitish underneath, ye 5 leaves not
growing on the very upper parte of the footstalk like ye other
cinckfoyles, but 2 of them growinge lower about a quarter of an
ynch from y'' 3 which growe at the extreme part, y^ flowers
I observed not. The root creapeth in y° water & mire, besett with
thousand of very small haires, thicker & smaller then the haires
of ones head. — MS. f. 10 v.

[Roughly drafted descriptions on back of Laurence Davis' letter
of 9 Nov. 1 62 1.]

? \c. 1620-1622.]

round buttons or knapps, as bigge or little bigger then the
pease wherein in each button is 2, 3 or 4 3-winded seeds almost
as bigg as Radish seed. The root is small white, single and
groweth downright, with a fewe threddie shoots with side branches.
Both herbe and root doe perish at winter. — Fragment of a
description^ MS, f. 1 1 v.

'Capon's Tail Grass.' Not Festuca Myurus L."^
Gramen dXeKTpvopvpos. Alectryonurum. 10 Feb. 1622

[Mentioned with date but without locality. — MS. f. 54.]
Gramen murorum spica longissima.

* I cannot omit this elegant Grasse, found by M. Goodyer upon
the wals of the antient city of Winchester, and not described as yet
by any that I know of. It hath a fibrous and stringy root, from
which arise leaves long and narrow, which growing old become
round as those of Spartum or Mat-weed : amongst these grassie
leaves there growes up a slender stalke some two foot long, scarce
standing upright, but oft times hanging down the head or top of
the eare : it hath some two ioints, and at each of these a pretty
grassy leafe. The eare is almost a foot in length, composed of
many small and slender hairy tufts, which when they come to
maturitie looke of a grayish or whitish colour, and do very well
resemble a Capons taile ; whence my friend, the first observer
thereof, gave it the title of Gramen A\€KTpv6vovpo9, or Capons-taile
Grasse : by which name I received the seed thereof, which so wen,
tooke root, and flourishes". (Johnson) — Ger. emac. pp. 30, 29.

^ The correctness of the determination of this grass as Festuca Myurus L. by
Druce is doubted by D. Stapf.

1^2

JOHN GOODYER

CurledParsley.
Apium crispum. 17 Feb. 1622

At Idsworth, 17 Feb. 1622. — MS. f. 51 v.

[Hill in 1574 printed the following prescription for Parsley.
' If you will have the leaves of the Parcely grow crisped, then before
the sowing stuffe a tennis ball with the seedes, & beat the same wel
against the ground, wherby the seedes may so be a little brused, and
then sowe them in the ground, or when the Parcelye is well come up
go over the bed with a waighty roller, whereby it may so presse the
leaves downe, or els treade the same downe with thy feete." Th. Hill,
Arte of Gardening.]

Calamagrostis Epigejos Roth.
Calamagrostis. 27 Apr. 1622

This sedge sendeth forth many 3 cornered straked stalkes, about
2 foot high, beareinge at ye toppe a spike or eare about 3 ynches
longe devided into 12 or 13 lesser scaly eares, and those againe into
smaller, the whole spike not spreadinge abroad, but growinge neare
together, so that the thicknes is not above an ynch, of a brownish
color before the flowers come forth, which appearinge are nothinge
but an infinite many of small dustie things like cheives, at ye first
opening whitish afterwards yealowe like ye flowers of other grasses.

[The seed is small contayned in chaffie scales, of a brownish
chestnutt color, neare 3 cornered & broad belowe and sharpe
pointed without any manifest tast. 8 Julii 1622.]

The leaves are narrowe about 2 or 3 foot longe growinge
ymediatelie from ye root, as it were 3 cornered, and very rough
espetially if you slide your fingers from their topps downewards,
and so sharpe that they cutt one's fingers even as a knife, as doth
also y® stalk ; which usually is without leaves, yet sometimes hath
one very small one growinge close belowe ye spike, neare a foot
longe. The rootes are infinite of the bignes of ye rootes oi gramen
caninum (couch gras) or bigger of a reddish color without, closely
mattinge together, and gathering the mudd or dirt amongst them .
Growinge downeright of a greate lenght, and makinge a great e
stronge tuft, no herbe or gras like it, for they are so stiffe &
stronge, that growinge in ye middest of water, a man may goe
on them & steppe from tuft to tuft, ye water & mud beinge of
a good depth betwixt them. — MS. f. 121.

Oak. Qiiercics robiir.
Cachrys quercus. 28 Apr. 1620 & 9 May 1622

The Cachryes^ are conceived eyther in a budd with the leaves, or

^ The term cachrys is one that appears to have been used for the young cone^

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

173

in a budd alone by them selves. Those that are conceived within ye
leaves come forth together with them, and growe at the ioynt stoppe
or knott betweene the last yeres twigge and the newe shoot, some-
times on the lower part of the newe shoot, those that are conceived
by themselves, soe come forth without any leaves or shoot, and
these growe by the sides of y® last yeres shoot. This cachrys is
composed of small yealowish crudled bunches or clusters grow-
inge a little asunder, on a footstalk about 2 ynches longe, 3 or 4
forth of one budd, and some wither and fall away, seldome continu-
inge above a weeke or two. When there are plentie of these
cachryes, it is a signe there will followe good store of Acornes.

9 Maii. Forth of the bosomes of the leaves on the newe shoot
come forth small foot stalks on y"" toppes whereof growe 2 or 3 or
more very small redd flowers : ech flower beinge no bigger then
a small pinnes head, and devided into 3 ptes (not worth the
name of leves) at the toppe, in the place whereof cometh uppe
the Acornes.

4 Maii. In the springe when the leaves first beginn to come
forth there often groweth from the topps and sides of the last
yeres shootes certaine swellinges as bigge as little apies, not alto-
gether round but bunched out here and there, reddish on that part
towards the sunne, contayninge an austere or harsh spongie matter

of conifers, for catkins, and for the winter buds of the deciduous trees. Though
much used by the early botanists, it appears to have dropped out of use at the
end of the seventeenth century, and is not even included in many later lists of
technical words. Fuchs in 1542, in his Exphcatio of difficult words, defined the
term as follows :

Cachryes sunt oblonga panicularum modo nucamenta, quae squamatim
compacta propendent e ramis. Crescunt hyeme, vere dehiscunt in flavescentes
squamulas, et folio prodeunte, decidunt : qualia in abiete, picea et aliis permultis
videre licet. Plinius pillulas nominat. — Fuchs, Hist. Stirp. f. /3 3.

* The Birch, the Nut, the Walnut, and the Plane Tree have on them things
in Greek called Cachryes in English Catkines or Catstailes, if I mistake not
which are there the most part of the winter. They are of a burning quality
in Physick' (Coles, Art of Siinpling, 1656). And this is the meaning given in
the New English Dictionary. According to Parkinson (1642) Cachrys is the
fifteenth ' Excrescence of the Oke '. It was borrowed from Theophrastus iii. 7
to mean ' a round conception or gathering together of leaves, growing betweene
the last yeares shoote, and the young bud for the next to come And they are
borne on ' the Firre tree, Larch, Pitch, Line, Nut, and Plane trees * as well as on
the Oak, all of which ' doe beare a Cachrys after the leaves are falne, abiding
on all the winter '. Elsewhere he defines it as ' a scaly tuft of leaves growing in
winter, and falling away, say some, in the Spring : but others think that it is but
the bud, which spreadeth into branches with leaves after Winter, when the
Spring is come on' (Park. Theatru7n^ 882).

^74

JOHN GOODYER

within, and towards Autumne hath eyther maggotts, flies or some
livinge creature within it, this hangeth many times two yeres on
the twiggs, and then also have had maggotts within them as I have
scene.

Gallae foh'orum quercus.

There is often to be seene in Autumne on that part of the
leaves which is next the ground a round pill or ball without a foot-
stalke, sometimes 8, lo or more on one leafe, reddish on that parte
next the sunne, smooth on the outside, or with little sharpe extuber-
ances, verie like both in forme and bignes to the trewe galls, onlie
wantinge hardnes, but contayninge a softe spongious matter within,
and often a maggott, and a hole by the side. These beginn to
appeare most comonlie about the middest of July, of the bignes of
a pease, sometimes by the middest of May of that bignes, as the
15 of May 1622 when I only sawe them. — MS, f. 85.

Walnut. Jnglans regia L.
Cachrys Juglandis.

The Cachryes beginn to appeare in Aprill a little before the
leaves are seene, and doe thrust themselves forth of the sides of the
last yeres shootes, but one in a place, a little above the place where
the footstalks of the leaves were fastened and are at the first
closelie compacted and finelie chekered without anie footstalke or
leaves cominge about or neare them ; afterwards they growe more
rare or looser, about two ynches in length neare as bigge as the
little finger, not continuinge two weekes before they wither and fall
away.— J/vS. f. 85.

Chestnut. Castanea sativa Mill.
Cachrys Castaneae.

The Cachryes begin to springe about the midle of May together
with the newe shoots forth of the bosomes of the yonge and tender
leaves, but one out of the bosome of one leafe ; composed of a midle
ribbe or footstalke about 7, 8 or 9 ynches longe when they are at
their full growth about July, which midle ribbe is thick sett by the
sides with small scalelie bunches, which about the middest of July
open, and there appeareth out of ech bunch many small short
cheives of a very pale or light yealowish color as are also their
topps,- they appeare very slender in respect of their length, and
soone after their cheives open or appeare they wither and fall
away. These begin to come forth about the beginning of July,
like rough hedgehog-like pills or husks, without any flowers, only
bearinge at ye toppe a fewe whitish things like cheives, theis

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS 175

husks growe cluster-wise 7 or more together, on one newe shoot. —
MS. f. 85.

Alder. Almcs glutinosa Medic.
Alder. 15 Maii 1622

The strobilus or fruite of the Alder cometh forth at the beginning
of the springe when the leaves first appeare, they growe from the
toppes of the last yeres twigges, clusterwise though not so neare
together as the berries of the vine, about 8 or 9 in a cluster, at
the first small, yet of their full length which exceedeth not half an
ynch, in shewe like Cachryes, afterwards growinge like in fashion to
an olive not fullie so bigge as a sparrowes egge, composed of many
brownish scales standinge verie neare one another betwene which
the seed lieth. These usuallie hange on a yere or more. — MS. f. 86.

B i r c h.^ Betula alba L.
[Unnamed by Goodyer.] Undated.

Ye leaves are small, smooth broad below, growing to a large
point nicked by the sides, in some like those of the black poplar but
smaller.

At y® very first coming forth of the leaves, there cometh forth
with them a round thinge like a Cachryes, but is indeed the fruite,
about 3 quarters of an ynch longe, and nere a quarter of an ynch
over, composed of flatt scales closely sett together, each scale con-
tayning one seed of a browne color with a white kernell within.
The scales with a light touch fall apart when y® seed is ripe, the
seed being neare ripe then cometh forth at y® toppe and by the
sides of y® same yeres shoot small Cachryes.

The leaves and fruite come forth towards y*" later end of Aprill,

the seed is ripe at ye later end of July, the Cachryes beginn to
appear at ye begining of July. — MS. f. 3 v.

Tribulus. 2 June 1622

[The year * 1622 ' may be an error of Johnson. Goodyer's own
MS. has * 2 June 162 1 ', which see.]

Wood Club Rush. Scirpus sylvatictts L.
Cyperus gramineus Lobelii. 8 Julij 1622

• This hath about 7 or 8 smooth leaves growinge from y® roote
3 foot longe, half an ynch broad, as it were 3 cornered, sharpe on
ye edges especially, if you drawe your fingers on them downewards,
amongest which growe uppe one ioynted smooth stalk, belowe neare
bigge as ye little finger, three cornered, but obtuse, blunt or

^ Identified by A. H. C.

176

JOHN GOODYER

roundish, not sharpe cornered like galangall. Whereon at everie
ioynt is placed one leafe cloathinge or inclosinge ye stalk upward
above ye ioynt an ynch and a half or more, about a foot and a half
longe, and somewhat broader then y® former, at ye toppe of which
stalks growe usually 3 like leaves but much shorter, from which
spring forth 6 or more little stalks or branches, after ye manner of
galangall, 4, 5 or 6 ynches long except ye midle branch which
usually growes not an ynch above ye divison, and all these are
againe at their toppe diversly devided into many parts, bearinge
little knobbs, scales or buttons very like those of Rushes, contayn-
ing very small yealowish 3 cornered seeds sharpe pointed at both
ends, which together with ye little buttons in ye beg[inninge] of
July fall off. The rootes at ye upper parte next ye leaves, are
infinite of small white threddy strings, sendinge forth underneath
other rootys (?) bigger then wheate strawes like those of Arundo
vallatoria ioynted, white at ye first after of a brownish yealow,
without smell, by which the plant exceedingly increase, growing
high in aboundance together. — MS. f 7 v.

On ye west parte of Gloster Hall by Oxford. 5 Julii 1622

The stalk is round rough or hairy, ioynted, neare as bigge on ye
lower parte as ye little finger devided towards the toppe into a
fewe branches, bearinge at everie ioynt one sharpe-pointed leafe
without or with a very little footstalk about 5 ynches long and
an ynch and half broad or hairy like ye stalk, not indented
by ye sides, but sometimes with small excrescens as may be
seen on ye leaves of Plantans stand inge farr apart. Ye flowers
growe at ye topps of ye stalks & branches on long slender foot-
stalks, of a yealowe color, ech flower beinge composed of 5
greate broad topped leaves, which beinge full blowne is neare
2 ynches broad, contayning within many small yealowe chives.
The roots growe forth at certaine ioynts on ye lower parts of ye
stalks within ye water and mudd, made of many small hairy
strings. This herbe at ye first tastinge seemeth not to be hott,
but beinge held in a little space in ye mouth heateth & burneth
little inferior to ye rest of his kind. — MS. f. 7 v.

Great Water Parsnip. Sium latifolium L.
Pastinaca aquatica latifolia at Oxford. 5 Julii 1622

[Rough draft for the next description.] — MS. f. 7 v.

Pastinaca aquatica maxima. 5*° Julii 1622

Sium maius Gerardo Phyto. p. 270. N°. 11.

The stalkes are greate upright straight and tall, not inferior to

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

177

the garden parsneppe beinge neare as bigge as a mans arme, and
as high as a tall man, with greate corners deepe chamfers, and
hoUowe within, devided into many braunches ; whereon growe
greate broad leaves like those of the garden parsneppe, composed
of 5 or 6 sometimes 7 or 8 indented smooth leaves sett on ech
side of a longe midle ribbe, and one at the toppe, of a stronge
smell. The flowers were not come forth.

[Two lines left blank, perhaps for a description of the flowers.]

The rootes are infinite growinge at the lower ptes of the stalkes
within the water and mudd, white, as bigge as wheatestrawes, and
they againe sendinge forth abundance of threddy strings, by which
rootes the plant encreaseth, usuallie 3 or 4 stalkes together from
one tuft. This I found growinge wild plentifully by the Rivers
sides and in the water diches about Oxford, 5*° Julii 1622. — MS.
f. 82 v.

Stachys germanica L.
Stachys. Wild Horehound. [? 8 Julii 1622]

564 Stachys. — Wild Horehound is also like to comon horehound.
There rise from the root hereof a greate number of stalks high
or ioynted, and out of everie ioynt a coople of leaves, opposite
or sett one against another, somewhat hard, a little longer than
those of comon horehound and whiter, as also ye stalks are sett
with soft haires and of a sweet smell. Ye flowers doe compasse
ye stalk about as those doe of comon horehound, but they are
yealowe and y^ whorles be narrower. The root is woodie and
durable.— f. 7.

Calamagrostis. 8 Julii 1622

[See 27 Apr. 1622.]

Sweet Flag. Acorus Calamus L.
Acorus legittimum Clus. 231. Acorus, Ger. 56. 6 Julij 1623

Acorus hath the leaves all most of the greater narrowe leaved
Iris \Iris angiistifolid\, but much longer, and of a most pleasant
greene, the midle nerve or rib somewhat appearinge forth on
both sides as in ye leaves of Xiphium whose forme they
sufficiently resemble ; and like them or that moorish plant which
brings forth yealowe flowers like ye flowers of Irisy which some
call Iris palustris^ the better skilled more trulie Butomiis.
They come one out of another, but the midle leafe is most
comonlie longer than the rest ; but although they be of a tast
somewhat bitter, yet not unpleasant, and beinge crushed they
yeld a pleasant and aromaticall smell, which also they retaine

JOHN GOODYER

manie yeres after beinge dryed and without iuyce. About the
beginning of winter they wither and are dryed, but in the
beginninge of springe they shoote anewe as in narrowe leaved
Iris, moreover it produceth not a stalk betwene the leaves
as the Irtdes, but out of the side of y^ root comes a leafe *
stalk of the same lenght with y^ other leaves, that is sometimes
from the midle unto y® toppe is plaine and like the rest, but
and narrower, and as it were fashioned into a triangular stalk
it beginns to be extenuated and made plaine it sends forth out
(sometimes but very seldome two) not greater in ye beginning
appearinge and stanndinge up a pright [little
partinge (or cutting) themselves acrosse when it opens itself full of
consistinge of fower small leaves,
afterwards untill it gett the lenght and thic
greene knobbes, in such a comelie order
cone of the wild pine. It hath
upper parte when it lies hid in ye earth,

exceedinge white in the inner parte, distinguished *
stronge, of a good smell, of a somewhat bitter and sharper tast,
endewed with many and whitish and sweet smellinge threeds

growinge to it in ye lower parte, but it creeps and spreads
itself on the toppe of the earth, sendinge forth from the sides and
almost everie ioynt or knott yonge ones, one after another,
obliquely (or crookedlie) so that in a short time it takes uppe
a greate space.

a I Julij [161^4]

a. two corners standing so neare together that they make a

hollowe like a furrow.

b. at the upper end of the furrowe.

c. without any footstalk. — MS, f. 12^5.

* [Page torn.]

[The date shows that this description was made from the Acorus
' in flower in Mris. Mervin's garden 6*^ Julii 1623'. — MS. f. 51.]

Papaver Argemone L.
Argemone capitulo longiore Ob. p. 144. 24 Julii 1623

In Durford garden.

S a n f o i n. Onobrychis sativa Lam.
Caput Gallinaceum Belgarum. 24 Julii 1624

In flower 24 Julii 1624 between Langford & Stapleford in Wiltes
by ye way on ye south side of ye river. — MS. f. 52.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

179

Shrubby S u a e d a. Suae da fruticosa Forsk.
Chamaepytis vermiculata. 10 Sept. 1624

The stalks are woodie not fuller of a finger bignes, a cubite or
2 foot high of a blackish or dark ash color devided into many
branches whereon grow multitudes of small round fatt leaves of
y® fashion of w . . es very like those of comon stone croppe full of
iuyce, of a salt tast, of a darke green colour. The rootes are also
woodie branched of a blacker color then ye stalks. This plant
continueth greene continually as it seemeth, and increaseth by the
root growinge in thick tuffets close together. I observed no flowers
nor seed.— f. 127.

[A roughly written note on the back of the statement of ' Tenth

mony ' received by Edward Cole in 1608. See p. 373.]

Common Spleenwort. Aspleitiiim Trichomanes L.
Trichomanes mas. — Jan. 1624

* Mr. Goodyer saith that in January 1624, he saw enough to lade
an horse growing on the bancks in a lane, as he rode between
Rake and Headly in Hampshire neere Wollmer Forest' — Ger.
emac, 11 46.

C o w b a n e. Cicuta virosa L.
Sium alterum olusatri facie. 16 Sept. 1625

Found by Mr. Goodyer in the ponds about Moore Parke [Ger.
emac. 257) and at Denham in Hertfordshire in standinge motes sine
caule.— f. 58.

Knotted Pearlwort. Sagina 7iodosa Meyer.
Alsine palustris foliis tenuissimis. 12 Aug. 1626

This hath a great number of very small grasse-like leaves,
growing from the root, about an inch long, a great deale smaller
and slenderer than small pinnes ; amongst which spring up many
small slender round smooth firme branches some handful! or
handfull and halfe high, from which sometimes grow a few other
smaller branches, whereon at certaine ioynts grow leaves like the
former, and those set by couples with other shorter comming forth
of their bosomes ; and so by degrees they become shorter and
shorter towards the top, so that toward the top this plant somwhat
resembleth Tkymum durius. The flowers are great for the slender-
nesse of the plant, growing at the tops of the branches, each flower
consisting of five smal blunt roundish topped white flowers, with
white chives in the middest. The seed I observed not. The root is
small, growing in the myre with a few strings. This groweth
plentifully on the boggy ground below the red Well of Welling-

N 2

i8o

JOHN GOODYER

borough in Northampton shire. This hath not beene described
that I finde. I observed it at the place aforesaid, August 12
1626. — Ger. emac. 568.

Grass of Parnassus. Parnassia palustris L.
Gramen parnassi. 12 Aug. 1626

In the boggy ground below the Red Well of Wellingborough in
Northamptonshire. — Ger, emac, 840.

Cerinthe minor L.
Cerinthe minor flore albo veris luteis. 23 Sept. 1628

This in stalks and leaves dififereth verie little from the other, the
flowers in shape are like, the color from the midle to the brim
is of a whitish or pale yealowe, the brim itself a much deeper
yealowe, the midle hath a ringe or circle of a reddish purple from
that circle backward that is to the fasteninge of the huske, of a
deepe yealowe, the seeds are like the other but as small againe. —
MS, f. 120.

[The 'other' is Cerinthe flore rubro, 9 July 1621.]

Golden Lungwort. Hieraciiim murorum L.
Pulmonaria Gallica sive aurea latifolia. 27 May 1631

' I received some plants of this from Mr. John Goodyer, who first
found it May 27, 1631 in flower; and the 3 of the following May
not yet flowring in a copse in Godlemen in Surrey, adioyning
to the orchard of the Inne whose signe is the Antilope.' — Ger.
emac. 305.

Triticum vulgare L.
Wheat ear with Oats. — Ger. emac, 65. See p. 62. 1^32

Water Plantain. Damasonium stellatum Thuill.
Plantago aquatica stellata. 2 Julij ^()'^'^

The roote is nothinge but a multitude of very small white
thredds like hairs growinge in the myre amonge which springe the
leaves, their footstalks are about 3 ynches longe, at the toppe of
ech groweth igrosse plaine smoth leafe, not indented, an ynch long,
a quarter of an ynch broad or somewhat broader, sharpe pointed,
with two eares belowe sometimes, but most comonly without.

The stalks growe uppe amongest them, in number 5 or 6 plain
smooth round firme not hollowe, small, as bigge as a small straw,
on ech stalk groweth an umbell, consisting of 7 footstalks, 6 of
them having at the toppe of ech a starr-like fruite, of six sharpe
pointed husks like the rowell of a spurr, the seaventh footstalk
beareth an other umbell, with 3 or 4, 5 or 6 footstalks & starr-like
husks like the former.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

i8i

Neare London highwaie in the watery plashes at the east end of
the greate Comon bctweene Sandie Chappell and Kingston, neare
the bridge as you ride out of the Comon by a small Cottage there.
I saw no flowers. — MS. f. 137.

[A note scribbled on the back of a list of men of the Tithing of
. . . [name obliterated], p. 381.]

[Goodyer first found this plant in 161 8 growing on Hounslow
Heath, the station quoted by Johnson. — Ger. emac. p. 418.]

Fern s.

Filix mas varietates & difTerentiae. 4 Julii 1633

I have observed foure sorts of Ferne, by most writers esteemed
to be the male Ferne of Dioscorides : by Anguillaria, Gesner,
CcEsalphius, and Clnsius, accounted to be the female, and so indeed
doe I thinke them to be, though I call them the male, with the
multitude. If you looke on these Femes according to their severall
growths and ages, you may make many more sorts of them than
I have done ; which I am afraid hath beene the occasion of
describing more sorts than indeed there are in nature. These
descriptions I made by them when they were in their perfect
growths. — MS. f. 138; Ger. emac. 11 29.

Broad Shield-fern. Aspidium dilatatum Sm.
Filix mas ramosa pinnulis dentatis. 4 Julii 1633

The roots are nothing but an aboundance of small blacke hairy
strings, growing from the lower parts of the maine stalkes (for
stalkes I will call them) where those stalkes are ioyned together.
At the beginning of the Spring you may perceive the leaves to
grow forth of their folding clusters, covered with brownish scales
at the superficies of the earth, very closely ioyned together:
a young plant hath but a few leaves ; an old one, ten, twelve, or
more : each stalke at his lower end neere the ioyning to his
fellowes, at his first appearing, before he is an inch long having
some of those blacke fibrous roots for his sustenance. The leaves
being at their full growth hath each of them a three-fold division,
as hath that Ferne which is commonly called the female : the
maine stalke, the side branches growing from him, and the nerves
growing on those side branches bearing the leaves : the maine
stalke of that plant I describe was fully foure foot long (but there
are usually from one foot to foure in length) full of those brownish
scales, especially toward the root, firme, one side flat, the rest
round, naked fully one and twenty inches^, to the first paire of side
branches. The side branches, the longest being the third paire
from the root, were nine inches long, and shorter and shorter

JOHN GOODYER

towards the top, in number about twenty paire ; for the most part
towards the root they grow by couples, almost opposite, the neerer
the top the further from opposition : the nerves bearing the leaves,
the longest were two inches and a quarter long, and so shorter and
shorter toward the tops of the side branches ; about twentie in
number on each side of the longest side branch. The leaves grow
for the most part by couples on the nerve, eight or nine paire on
a nerve ; each leafe being gashed by the sides, the gashes ending
with sharpe points^ of a deep green on the upper side, on the under
side paler, and each leafe having two rowes of dusty red scales,
of a browne or blackish colour : toward the top of the maine stalke
those side branches change into nerves, bearing only the leaves.
When the leaves are at their full growth, you may see in the
middest of them at their roots the said scaly folding cluster ; and
as the old leaves with their blacke threddy roots wholly perish,
they spring up ; most yeares you may finde many of the old leaves
greene all the Winter, especially in warme places. This groweth
plentifully in the boggy shadowie moores neere Durford Abbey in
Sussex, and also on the moist shadowie rockes by Mapledurham
in Hampshire, neere Petersfield ; and I have found it often on the
dead putrified bodies and stems of old rotten okes, in the said
moores ; neere the old plants I have observed verie many small
yong plants growing, which came by the falling of the seed from
those dusty scales : for I beleeve all herbes have seeds in them-
selves to produce their kindes, Gen. i. ii. & 12. — MS. f. 138-9;
Ger. emac. 1129.

[I thought to have called this Dryoptei^is^ but that is described by
Cordus and Tragus to be a very small tender ferne not above
9 inches high with creeping roots like those of Polypodium
(^r^Wj.]— MS. f. 138.

The three other have but a twofold division, the many stalks and
the nerves bearing the leaves. The roots of them all are blacke
fibrous threds like the first, their maine stalks grow many thicke
and close together at the root, as the first doth : the difference is
in the fashion of their leaves, and manner of growing, and for
distinctions sake I have thus called them :

Male Shield-fern. A spidium Filix-mas S w.
Filix mas non ramosa pinnulis latis densis minutim dentatis.

4 Julii 1633

The leaves are of a yellowish greene colour on both sides, set

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

very thicke and close together on the nerve, that you cannot see
betweenc them, with marvellous small nickes by their sides, and on
their round tops : each leafe hath also two rowes of dusty seed
scales ; the figures set forth by Lobel^ Tabern., and Gerard^ under
the title of Felix mas, do well resemble this Ferne. This growes
plentifully in most places in shadowie woods and copses. — MS.
f. 139; Ger.emac. 1129-30.

Nephroditim Filix-mas, Sw., var. affinis (Newm.).
Filix mas non ramosa pinnulis angustis, raris, profunde dentatis.

4 Julii 1633

The leaves are of a deepe greene, not closely set together on the
nerve, but you may far off see betwixt them, deeply indented by
the sides, ending with a point not altogether sharpe : each leafe
hath also two rowes of dusty seed scales. I have not scene any
figure well resembling this plant. This groweth also in many
places in the shade. — MS. f. 140 ; Ger. emac. 1 130.

Prickly Shield-fern. Polystichum aculeatum S w.
V2ix. lobatum Sym^', or Angular Shield-fern. P.
angulare Presl.
Filix mas non ramosa pinnulis latis auriculatis spinosis.

4 Julii 1633

The leaves are of a deeper greene than either of the two last
described, placed on the nerve not very close together, but that
you may plainly see between them ; each leafe (especially those
next the stalke) having on that side farthest off the stalk a large
eare or outgrowing ending, with a sharp pricke like a haire, as doth
also the top of the leafe : some of the sides of the leaves are also
nicked, ending with the like pricke or haire. Each leafe hath two
rowes of dusty seed scales. This I take to be Filix mas aculeata
maior Bauhini. Neither haue I seene any figure resembling this
plant. It groweth abundantly on the shadowie moist rockes by
Mapledurham neere Petersfield in Hampshire. — MS. f. 140 ; Ger.
emac. 1130.

Marsh Shield-fern. Dryopteris Thelypteris Asa Gray.
Dryopteris Penae & Lobelii. 6 Julii 1633

The roots creepe in the ground or mire, neere the turfe or upper
part thereof, and fold amongst themselves, as the roots of Poly-
podium do, almost as big as a wheat straw, and about five, six,
or seven inches long, coal blacke without, and white within, of
a binding taste inclining to sweetnesse, with an innumerable com-

JOHN GOODYER

panie of small blacke fibres like haires growing thereunto. The
stalkes spring from the roots in severall places, in number variable,
according to the length and encrease of the root ; I have seene
small plants have but one or two, and some bigger plants have
fourteene or fifteene : they have but a two-fold division, the stalke
growing from the root, and the nerve bearing the leaves : the
stalke is about five, six, or seven inches long, no bigger then
a bennet or small grasse stalke, one side flat, as are the male
Femes, the rest round, smooth, and green. The first paire of nerves
grow about three inches from the root, and so do all the rest grow
by couples, almost exactly one against another, in number about
eight, nine, or ten couples, the longest seldome exceeding an inch
in length. The leaves grow on those nerves also by couples, eight
or nine couples on a nerve, without any nickes or indentures, of a yel-
lowish greene colour. This Feme may be said to be like Polypodiiim
in his creeping root, like the male Feme in his stalke, and like the
female Feme in his nerves and leaves. I could finde no seed-scales
on the backesides of any of the leaves of this Ferne. Many yeares
past I found this same in a very wet moore or bog, being the land
of Richard Austen^ called Whitrow Moore, where Peate is now
digged, a mile from Petersfield in Hampshire ; and this sixth of
luly, 1633, I digged up there many plants, and by them made this
description. I never found it growing in any other place: the
leaves perish at Winter, and grow up againe very late in the
Spring. — MS. f. 340 ; Ger, emac. 1135-6.

[There is a sketch by Goodyer of a fern on the same page as this
description].

Ulmus campestris Sm., U. moiitaiia Stokes, U. glabrayWW^x^
U. minor Miller.

Elms. 1633
[For Goodyer's descriptions of the four species of Elm see p. 38.]
Among the undated notes and species contributed by Goodyer
to Johnson's second edition of Gerard were the following. The
descriptions must therefore be earlier than 1633 several may
date from c. i6ai.

Marsh Helleborine. Epipactis palustris Crantz.
Palma Christi, radice repente. [Before 1633]

' It growes also plentifullie in Hampshire within a mile of a
market Towne called Petersfield, in a moist meadow named Wood-
mead, neere the path leading from Petersfield, towards Beryton.'

[Johnson [Ger. emac. 227) prints this locality without acknowledge-
ment, but it was doubtless communicated to him by Goodyer. The

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

description of the species is unfortunately illustrated by a wood-block
of Goodyera repens, an orchid of a genus named by Robert Brown in
honour of Goodyer, thus unfortunately connecting his name with a plant
which he had probably never seen. Goodyer's ' Palma Christi ' or
* Creeping-rooted Satyrion ' has been identified by Canon Vaughan as
Epipactis palustris, a species to be found in boggy situations in several
parts of Hampshire. Brown, thinking that it was the same as a rare
northern orchid, found in certain fir-woods in Cumberland and Scotland,
gave it the name of Goodyera repens in honour of our Hampshire
botanist, who, it is suggested, might possibly have met with a specimen
of this rare northern plant in the low-lying grounds between Petersfield
and Maple-Durham.]

R a m p i o n s. Phyteuma orbiculare L.
Rapunculus corniculatus montanus. [Before 1633]

Johnson ' received seeds and roots hereof from Mr. Goodyer who
found it plentifully growing wilde in the inclosed chalkie hilly
grounds by Mapledurham '. — Ger. emac. 455.

Sea Bindweed. Convolvulus Soldanella L.
Soldanella marina. n. d.

[The local Isle of Wight name, 'Scurvy Grass,' given to this
plant, supports the truth of the following remark of Johnson :] ' My
friend Mr. Goodyer hath told me that in Hampshire, at Chichester,
and thereabout, they make use of this for Scurvie-grass, and that
not without great errour, as any that know the qualities may easily
perceive. — Ger. emac. 839.

Golden Saxifrage. Chrysospleniiim oppositifolium L.
Saxifraga aurea. [Before J 633]

Mr. Goodyer hath also observed it abundantly on the shadowie
moist rockes by Maple Durham in Hampshire. — Ger. emac. (S42.
[The first record for Hants.]

Geranium lucidum L.
Geranium saxatile, Thalii. [Before 1633]

Master Goodyer found it growing plentifully on the bankes by
the highway leading from Gilford towards London neere unto the
Townes end. — Ger. emac. 938.

[First record for Britain.]

Phyllitis Scolopendrium, Newm., var. multifida,
Phyllitis multifida. Finger Harts-tongue. [Before 1633]

Mr. Goodyer found it wilde in the banks of a lane neere
Swaneling, not many miles from Southampton. — Ger. emac. 1139.

JOHN GOODYER

Digitalis ferrtiginea L.
Digitalis ferruginea. 21 Sept. 1633

This is a verie comely plant growinge like a pyramide.

The maine stalk is 3 or 4 foot high, greene, smooth, with some
edges, not hollowe but filled with a white spungie pith, growinge
upright as strait as an arrowe, not farr from the lower part it
sendeth forth many branches, not growinge so high as the stalk.

The leaves are many, & spread uppon the ground before the stalk
groweth uppe, greene & smooth on both sides, without nicks by the
sides, usuallie with 5 ribbes, like those of quinque nervia plantayne,
about — ynches long & — ynches broad. Also such leaves growe
on the stalks and branches, but small and shorter towards the toppe,
not by cooples but heare and there.

The flowers make a comely spike, & as the stalk and branches
growe so they flower still upwards nere their topps hollowe, of the
bignes of the toppe of the little finger, the upper side half an ynch
longe, the lower side hath lipps stickinge forth of a quarter of an
ynch, & on ech side of the flower ther is one excrescence or —
like the toth of a sawe, in the inside there is usually 4 cheives
growinge to the upp part of the flower, the whole is of a rustic
iron color, with many purplish strakes, & somewhat hayrie both
without & within.

The flowers fallen, the seed vessels playnely appeare makinge
a longe spike, besettinge the stalks and branches round about, in
forme round and sharpe pointed, but half as bigge as the flower
half an ynch large at the lower part of ech seed vessell groweth
fower scalie leaves, half as bigge but fully as longe as the nayle of
the little finger. — MS. i. 137 b.

Tooth cress. Dentaria bulbifera L.
Dentaria baccifera v. bulbifera. 6 Aug. 1634

At May field in a wood of Mr. Stephen Penckhurst called High-
reed and in another wood of his called ffox-holes. — MS. ff. 53, 62.

Procumbent Pearl wort. Sagina apetala L.

20 June 1634

Perianthos 4 greene blunt-topped leaves hollowed sherie fashion,
spreading open, one opposite against another crosse-
wise.

I'he flower 4 very small white blunt-topped leaves, not so bigg
as a small pinnshead a quarter as bigg as ye
perianthos spreading iust between them, making
a duble crosse.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

187

pointell Small white & short open at y** toppc into 4 pts, one

parte lyenge iust over ech flower.

chives 4 white chives standing just as farr out as the top of

ye pointell and ech pointell standinge iust opposite
to ech leafe of ye perianthos.

pericarpium hath 4 greenish leaves in form of those of the
periantos, closed fast together till the seed is ripe.

seed the seed is small, smaller than that of sweet margerom

and ... of colour like it, many lyeng in one peri-
carpium. — MS. f. 14.
[The identification of this unnamed description has been due to my
friend Mr. A. H, Church. It is the earliest English account of the plant.]

Horse-shoe Vetch. Hippocrepis comosa L.
Ferrum equinum Germanicum siliquis in summitate. 9 Aug. 1634
On Buttersworth Hill, 9 Aug. 1634 : ripe seed. — MS. f. 53 V.

Marsh Isnardia. Litdwigia pahistris Ell.
Herba aquatica rubescens, facie Anagallidis Acre luteo.

39 Aug. 1645

The stalks are smooth almost round, sometimes some parts of
them a little square, reddish, firme within, not hollowe, sometimes
allmost a foot longe, of the bignes of those of orgamen.

The leaves growe by cooples, on the stalkes & branches, on short
footstalks somethinge like those of Anagallis Jio. hiteo} The
biggest are nere 3 quarters of an ynch longe & half an ynch
broad, also reddish, smooth, nothinge at all indented by the
edges ; those on the toppes of the stalkes & branches are
shorter and smaller ; the ioynts about the middest of the stalkes
are allmost an ynch apart but towards the topps of the stalks &
branches, they are very neare together. The branches come forth
at the bosomes of the leaves, & thereby increase very much. The
roots are like small threeds & come forth at the ioynts of the stalks
& branches, & take hold in the mudd.

The flowers come forth at the bosomes of the leaves towards the
toppes of the stalks & branches, usually forth of ech bosome but
one, sometimes two, in one bosome & but one on that opposite to
them ; they are small, scarce to be called flowers, but are like the
huskes of many herbes that containe the flowers before they be
opened, this huske or flower is not half a quarter of an ynch longe,
and is divided into 4 parts, or leaves at the toppe, ech leafe beinge
sharpe pointed & little bigger then a small pinnes head of a greenish

* Lysimachia nemoru7n L.

i88

JOHN GOODYER

colour, & does not fall offe as the leaves of other flowers doe but
continue on till and after the seed is ripe.

The seed is contayned in that huske, & is white & as small as
dust.

The whole herbe is of a reddish colour, and flotes in or uppon
the water and prospers well when all the water is dryed from it,
& then flowers, seldom before. I could never observe any flowers
but on those plants from which the water was dryed away, and that
in August.

I have long observed this plant, as I found it growinge in the
rivulett on the east side of Petersfield, runinge and a heathy comon
about the middest thereof. I cannot yet tell what genus it is, nor
what name is most proper for it. — MS. f. 141.

[The Marsh Isnardia is one of the very rarest of Hampshire plants,
and Goodyer's description has not been printed before ; indeed it was
not known that he had noted it about a quarter of a century before
the date of the first ' record ' given by Townsend. After Merrett had
recorded Goodyer's discovery in 1666, the plant does not appear to
have been seen again until about 1835 ? when it was rediscovered by
Miss Rickman and J. Barton; 'and in the moist summer of 1848,
Dr. Bromfield found it plentifully (he had searched for it unsuccess-
fully in previous dry summers) in marshy spots, into which expanded
at intervals the shallow stream which drains the great pond at Peters-
field. I am not aware of the plant having been found at Petersfield
since 1848, though it has been repeatedly searched for. The shallow
stream above described is now so circumscribed that even during the
wet summer of 1S79 it expanded into no marshy spots in which Isnardia
could have a chance of growing. I searched the stream through the
Common and along its course downwards for about a mile, but without
success. The plant is now extinct in Sussex, the only other county in
which it has been found in Great Britain.' ' Mr. Bolton King's patient
determination to rediscover the plant [in the Brockenhurst neighbour-
hood, where it had been found by Borrer in 1843] was rewarded by
finding it abundantly in 1878 in another spot in the neighbourhood.']^

Beech. Fagus sylvatica L.
Fagus. Before 1650

I found one much varying in his leaves, some were whole as those
of the ordinary, others much jagged or divided. — Goodyer quoted
by How, Phytologia, p. 40.

I 650-1 656

The notes on the following nine plants occur in How's handwriti7ig
in his interleaved copy of the Phytologia Britannica. They must
therefore have been written between i6jo., when the book was
published, and 16^6, when he died,

^ Townsend, Flora Hampshire^ p. 158.

<:
<:

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

189

Cardamine ivipatiens L.
Cardamine flosculis minoribus, sive impatiens.
From rills and ditch sides about Bath.

Dr. Johnson was mistaken in saying yt this was Sitmt minimum,
Alp. I have both ye plants. I admonished him of this error but
he lived not to amend it. J. Goodyer. — p. 21.
[Johnson died in 1644.]

Polypodium Dryopteris L.
Dryopteris, Trag. Tree-fern.

It growes on a bottome called Rogers Deane in ye parish of
Faringdon in Hampshire, about a mile and a half from ye church,
a furlong from one John Trybes dwelling house on ye north east
part of ye house about 2 miles from Alton about a mile north east
from Dogford Wood. Great antient beeches kept ye sunne from
shining on ye Plants. Ann. 1654 many of those trees were cut
downe. The Plants ye sunna shone on y* summer '54 were short,
ye leaves growing on short stemms neere ye earth as Tabernaemont
pictureth it, p. 501 tom 2 under ye title of Filicula petraea fem. 3.
Those yt grew under ye trees were much higher agreable to Tragus
figure p. 538. John Goodyer.' — p. 35.

Ye least Furze. Ulex nanus Forst.
Park. des. of Genista spinosa minor p. 1003 accords not with
ye Least Furze ; ours beares no leaves at all. They are but ye first
sproutings of ye thornes or prickles, even as of ye great furze (bee
hee what hee will y* willes ye contrary) ye cods have furze, even as
ye cods of ye greater furze. I cannot find from whence Park, rec**
his fig. I suppose it was made by imagination. J. Goodyer. —
P- 45-

[Dr. Stapf, who has kindly assisted in the determination of Goodyer's
furzes, writes that in his opinion and in that of Mr. Sprague Genista
spinosa minor Park., p. 1003, is entirely dubious. The figure in
Parkinson goes back to the 1588 edition of Tabernaemontanus, where
it is meant to illustrate Nepa Theophrasti of Pena and Lobel, but
Tabernaemontanus himself says he is not sure whether it fits that plant.
There is no indication where it was drawn from. Lobel's Nepa Theo-
phrasti is evidently Ulex parvifiorus^ and it may be that the figure is
just a very bad illustration of that species. This UleK would probably
not be hardy in England.]

Gorse. Ulex Europaeus L.
Genista spinosa flore albo Park, j 003.
[A whitish flowered variety.]

I90 JOHN GOODYER

Ulex parvifloTus,
Genista spinosa major brevibus aculeis Bauh. Pin. p. 394.

This I suppose groweth not in England. Pena and Lobel in
Adv. p. 354 had seene it nowhere but in Province wch is a hott
country, and Lob. lived time enough in England before ye Adv,
was vi^ritten to have observed it if it had growne but half so common
as ye lesser Furze. ^ Cam[erarius] in hort. med. pag. 106 saith ' in
fichlibus asservanda' wch argues yt it will not endure abroad in
a cold countrie in ye winter. The Icons yt were made for Nepa
in Adv. p. 354, in Tabern. Ic. p. 408, in Hist. Lugd. p. 164 agree
not with ye lesser Furze. Parkinson sayes yt his Genista spinosa
minor p. 1003 is ye Nepa of Lob. This duly considered I am
confident to affirme yt our lesser Furze is not yet described. John
Goody er. — p. 45.

[Druce [Goody er^ p. 26) is all at sea in the transcription of this
paragraph. Dr. Stapf writes, *The Bauhinian species is evidently
a mixture. To judge by the first synonyms (Anguillaria and Pena and
Lobel) it was very probably meant for Ulex parvijiorus, but through
the additions (Tabern. &c.) it got confused. See my observations sub
U. nanus. ^\

Toad rush. Junciis bufofiius L.
Gr[amen] holosteum Alpinum minimum. Bauh. Prod.

' Male a Johnsono Holosteum pumilum non descriptum, pervenit
in ericetis. Job. Goodyer.' — p. 53.

? {See p 171.)

Gramen murorum spica longissima. Capons taile-grasse.
* Mr. Goodyers upon ye walls of Winchester.' — p. 54.

Oenanthe angustifolia. — p. 81. {See under 18 June 1620.)

Pulmonaria angustifolia L.
Pulmonaria maculosa.

How substitutes the name of Goodyer for that of Loggins as the
authority for the locality. 'Neer Kings-wood in Hampshire.' — p. 100.
[See under 25 May 1620.]

Vicia sylvatica L.
Vicia maxima sylvatica.

Great wood Vetch from a wood nigh Bath.

How has changed name to V. max. sylvatica ' spicata Bathoniensis
Goodyeri — p. 129.

[How's MS. note in his Pkytologia.]

^ Ye lesser furze. Parkinson uses the term ' lesser furse bush ' for Genista
spinosa minor. Does not Goodyer use it in the same sense, just as an English
translation of that name ? — O. S.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

191

Geraniitni coltnnbimim L.
Geranium columbinum foliis magis dissectis, pediculis longissimis.

Aug. 1654

I found it wild in ye beginning of August 1654. It is not
described or pictured yt I find. John Goodyer.

Ou[ery] ye place of growth and des[cription] for this and [the
next plant] following.

^ In several places of Hampshire. J. Goodyer.' Merrett, Pinax 45.

[Druce's reading of the passage giving the locality as White
Chapell is not justified.]

Sisymbrium Irio L.
Erysimum ii Tab. Ou[aere] locum. [Before 1656]

Grows in ye streets near White Chappell east from Aldgate,
London. J. Goodyer.

[Note in How's handwriting at end of his Phytologia.]

Buiiias orientale L.
Rapistrum aliud non bulbosum. P. 862. [Before 1656]

' In the broad street by White Chappel, Mr. Goodyer.' Merrett,
Pinax 103.

[Although this record was not printed before 1666, it is probable
that Goodyer found the plant with ' Erysimum ii * on the same visit to
London. If this be so, it must have been before the date of How's
death in 1656.]

Wild Madder. Rubin peregrina,
Rubia sylvestris. 12 Aug. 1655

[Recorded by Turner, 1551-68.]

The stalks are fower square, hollowe within smooth, one, two,
three foot high, sometimes higher, with ioynts three or fower
ynches apart : at the ioynt somethinge about the ground growe
forth two side branches & the like side branches at everie ioynt
upward on the maine stalk, and those branches at the ioynts send
forth other side branches after the same manner. At each ioynt
of the greater stalk growe the leaves in a circle which are smooth,
6, 7, 8 sometimes 9 at ech ioynt, the biggest leaves sometimes are
about 3 quarters of an ynch longe, and broad, at ech ioynt

also of the branches growe such leaves, but are smaller & smaller
towards the toppes of the stalkes & branches.

The flowers growe abundantlie neare the toppes of the stalkes
and branches, racematim, and are white, everie flower havinge 4 small
sharpe pointed leaves. The seeds are small, round, manie times
two growinge together. The rootes are small, with some threeds.

192

JOHN GOODYER

creepeth farr in the earth, the bai ke thereof beinge of a yealowish
redd color, & stickie hard in the midle.

The stalks & branches die everie yere, the rootes continue manie
yeres.

It usuallie growes in drie chalkie grounds, in barren places the
stalks are short, a foot or little longer, & needes no supporter, in
richer grownds they are much longer, in hedges & amongest bushes,
longest and needs supporters, as doe Gallium albttni. — MS. f. 142.

Apium inundatum Reichb. f.
Sium pusillum foliis variis. 2 Junij [656

The leaves before the plants have stalkes are like those of fennell
but much smaller, growinge in abundance in the mudd within the
water. The stalkes are hollowe as bigge as a wheate strawe, greene
for the most parte sometimes reddish & a foot long or longer &
growe uppe amongest the leaves not upright but swimming sidelonge
in the water, the toppes only appearinge above it, wch at the ioynts
devides into severall branches. At each ioynt on the stalk within
the water growes one leafe, like fennell as the former, but shorter
& smaller, towards & on the toppes of the stalkes & branches with
eyther and a little above the water, or swimminge on it are leaves
much broader then the former, in forme & fashion to those of
Eruca pahistri's minor [Water-Rocket^]. Tab[ernaemontanus]
pictured in his Icons p. 447 ; only these have not above 2 or 3 paire
of small leaves on the midle ribbe of ech leafe, & that hath 4, 5 or
more.

At the ioynts of the stalks towards their toppes growe the foote-
stalks about an ynch of length, ech footstalk for the most parte
devided towards the toppe into 2 parts, on ech of which parts
comonly groweth 2, 3, 4 or 5 small white flowers, clusterwise
together, ech flower havinge 4 small sharpe pointed leaves, ech leafe
beinge no bigger then a small pins head.

In their places come 2, 3, 4 or 5 seeds as bigge, and of the forme
of Caraway or parsley seeds clusteringe also together.

The rootes are as small as threeds & growe at the ioynts of the
stalks & fasten them selves in the mudd whereby it mightelie
increaseth. It flowers about the beginninge & midle of May.

This plant growes comonly in small lakes, & water plashes, but
not described before that I know of. 2 Junij 1656 I made this
description when the plant hadd almost done floweringe, & much
of the seed was of its full growth. — MS. f. 143.

^ Nasturtitwi sylvestre R.Br.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

193

Holosteum. 2 Junii 1656

See ' Herba aquatica' 19 Aug. 1645.

Marsh Ragwort. Se^tecio paludostis, L.
Conyza aquatica laciniata. 19 July 1656

Growes in greate plentie in the fenns in Norfolk near Downam
marjcett neare Linn, by the relation of John Header of Downam
markett, a grocer. — MS. 9, f. 186 a.

Samphire. Crithmum maritimum L.
Crithmum chrysanthemum Ger. em. [i^5^]
Grows by Hurst Castle, Hants, by relation of John Meader of
Downham. — MS. 9, f. 201 a.

?Smooth Tare. Vicia tetrasperma Moench.
Viciae sive Craccae minimae species cum siliquis glabris Joh.
Bauhini. Tom 2, p. 315. JG. 626. An Vicia segetum singu-

laribus siliquis glabris. Pin. C. Bauh. p. 345 (b. 3). 4 Junii 1657
The stalk, a verie little above the ground & so upward sendeth
forth at the bosomes of the leaves severall other stalkes or branches,
angular not round, a foot, a foot & half high or longe, little more
or lesse.

The Leaves growe on the stalkes or branches, about an ynch
apart not by cooples, but one in a place, ech leafe beinge composed
of a midle ribbe, endinge with a tendrell with which it taketh hold
of what groweth neare it and on ech midle ribe 3 or 4 paire of
leaves, ech leaf being about half an ynch longe and not fuUie
one eight part of an ynch broade.

The flowers growe on footstalks forth of the bosomes of the leaves,
usuallie one footstalk out of ech bosome & no more, ech footstalk
beinge about an ynch longe as small as a small threed. The flowers
come forth in May & June & growe on the toppes of the footstalkes,
one, two or three at the most, yet seldome above one on ech footstalk,
a quarter of an ynche longe, of a blewish or purple violett color,
of the fashion of those of Aracus sive Cracca minima Lobelij.

The codds succeed the flowers, ech codd beinge about half an
ynch longe, half a quarter or the eight part of an ynch broad, & are
smooth not hairie or woollie.

The seeds are contained in the codds, 2, 3 or 4 seeds in ech codd,
and are [unfinished].

The roote is small accordinge to the proportion of the plant
devided into severall strings or thredds & perisheth when the seed
is ripe.— 7^/5. f. 145.

[? First evidence for Hants.]
O

194

JOHN GOODYER

The 7text seven records are from Goodyers MS. entries in How's
interleaved copy of his Phytologia {MS. i8) received by Goody er
on 30 Apr. 1659.

Rumex Acetosa L.
Acetosa maxima After 30 Apr. 1659

Goody er MS. iti How, Phyt. MS. 18, p. 2.

Alsine aquatica verna. Springe chickweed.
MS. 18, p. 4.

Arctium Lappa L.
Arctium montanum et Lappa minor Galeni Lob. Button Burre.
Mangerfield in Master Langlie's Yard.^ MS. 18, p. 10.

Galeopsis Tetrahit L., var. bifida Boenn.
Cannabis spuria altera flo. purp^ Netle Hempe.

C. spuria altera sylvestris, Lamium quorundam Lob. Icon. 537.
In agris. — MS. 18, p. 20.

Carex vulpina L.
Gramen palustre Cyperoides Lob. Ger. Great Cyperus Grasse.
MS. 18, p. 54.

Viola tricolor L.
Viola sive Jacea tricolor sylvestris parva. Wild Pansies.
In agris. — MS. 18, p. 130.

Common Ragwort. Senecio Jacobaea.
Jacobaea Pannonica 2 Clus. 4 June 1659

Mr. Tho. Bartar^ of Petersfeild, schoolemaster gathered this
imagined Pulmonaria Gallica Lobelii, on Ladle Hill in flower and
brought it to J. G. the 4 of June 1659.

^ Druce, Goodyer, p. 25, notes that this- record is not included in the Flora of
Hampshire. Why should it be The Manor of Alangotsfield was purchased
in 1612 by Mr. Philip Langley who lived in Rodway Hill Manor House, still
a fine survival of the time of King Henry VHI, three of whose wives may
have visited it (Emlyn Jones, Oiir Parish : Mangotsfield). It was here that
Johnson and his socii were entertained in so grand a manner by ' that truly
noble and generous man Philip Langley ' when on their herborizing journey in
July 1634. Evidently finding his own words inadequate to describe the luxury
of the house and the sumptuous meal provided for his company, Johnson fell
back on Virgil, and quotes a passage descriptive of some similar occasion when
' laden tables crowned with wines huge goblets, drinking cups, &c., marked the
feast (White, Flora of Bristol, p. 54).

2 Druce has misread this name as ' Geo. Burton', in the Rep. Bat. Exch. Club
SuppL 191 6, p. 23.

DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS

195

It is Jacoboea Pannonica 2 Clus. C. Bauh. p. 131 (b. ^) & it is
Jacoboea angustifolia in this booke^ p. '2(So. — MS. 18, p. 10.

[Then follows a recipe taken from Parkinson, Theairum^ p. 518,
for an Alkanet ointment prepared by boiling 20 earthworms in good
sallet oil. — MS. in How, Phytologia^ p. 10.

Ladle Hill, crowned by a circular camp, is near Burghclere in the
north of Hampshire.]

Cloudberry. Rubtis Chamaemorus L.
Cloudberry. 15 Apr. 1663

Mr. Tho. Thornton parson of Sutton ats Sulton in Sussex in
Arundel Rape, borne at Bentham in Yorkshire, 2 miles from
Yngleborowe hill, 15 Apr. 1663 promised Cloudberry. — Goodyer's
MS. note in his copy of Ray, Catalog2is Plantarum circa
Cantabrigiam nasc.

Species of plants described in Goodyers MS. and included by Merrett

in his Pinax by permission of Edmund Yalden in 1666.
Alsine flosculis conniventibus. Montia fontaria L.

Anagallis aquat. flore parvo viridi caule rubro. Ludvigia palustris

Elliot.

Aria Theophrasti fol. obtusis. Pyrus Aria L.

Caucalis pumila segetum. Caucalis arvensis Huds.

Geranium columbinum fol. magis dissectis. Ger. columbinum L.
Gramen Paniceum. Bearded Panick grass. Panicum Crus-galli L.
Juniperus sterilis. Juniperus communis L.

Lathyrus maior angustifol. fl. pallide rubro. Lathyrus sylvestris L.
Lychnis sylv. flore carneo odorato. Lychnis dioica L.

' Ex Misto Gooderiano.'
Nidus avis. Neottia Nidus-avis Rich,

^enanthe angustifolia, Lob. Oenanthe Lachejialii Gmel.

Pulmonaria foliis Echii. Ptdmonaria angustifolia L.

Quercus serotina, procerior foliis fructuq. minoribus, Dor-Oak.

Linwood Hill, Bramshaw, Wilts. Quercus robur L. agg.

Rapistrum aliud non bulbosum. Bunias orientate L.

Rapunculus sylvestris flore rubro albescente. Campanula patula L.
• In the pastures & hedgesides on the North-west of the Moor

not far from the great bog neer Petersfield, Mr. Goodyer'
Sedum Divi Vincentii, ND. Sedum rupestre L. van minus.

Serpyllum foetidum. Thymus Serpyllum L.

Slum umbellis ad caulium nodos. Apium nodiflorum Reichb.

Taxus tantum florens. Taxus baccata L.

^ Gerard emacidatus.
O 2

196

JOHN GOODYER

Veronica mas recta. Veronica officinalis L.

Vicia Bathoniensis vel maxima sylvatica. Vicia sylvatica L.

Merrett also notes the following nine species as occurring in or near

Petersfield, a locality possibly supplied by Goodyer.
Caryophillus saxatilis Ericae fol. umbellatis corymbis, C. B.

Probably Arenaria tenuifolia L.^
In the middle way betwixt Lippock and Petersfield.
Chamaepeuce foemina seu polyspermos. Lycopodium clavatum L.

A mile on this side Lippock in Hampshire.
Esula minor seu Pithusa G. 502. Euphorbia sp.

In divers corn fields near Petersfield.
Fungus corallinus ad antiquarum arborum radices.

Clathrus cancellatus L.

In the Woods near Peters Field.
Gramen Paniceum procumbens. Panicum sanguinale L.

In a Lane & watery places and Ditches near Petersfield.
Gramen Piperinum, Pepper-grass. Pilularia globulifera L.

Near Petersfield.

Gramen Secalinum maximum. The greatest Rye grass. P. 1144.

Hordeum sylvaticum Huds.
In the Woods a mile west from Petersfield.
Holosteum repens junci folium. Probably Scirpus fluitans L.^

At the bottom of the Moor on the East side of Petersfield.
Rapunculus corniculatus montanus. Ger. em. 455.

Phyteuma orbiculare L.
Between Selbury Hill and Beacon Hill in the way to Bath, and
in the Chalkey hills by Maple-Durham, Hampshire.

Species attributed to Goodyef^ by Ray, and not included in preceding

lists.

' Flea-grass.' Carex pulicaris L.

Cyperoides pulicare Merret, Pinax, 'observed first by Mr. Goodyer
and by him named Flea-grass, from the likeness of its seeds, both
for figure and colour Ray, Synopsis. The locality is given as
* a mile East of Oxford but whether Goodyer himself found it
there is not stated.

^ Species determined by B. D. J.

GOODYER'S LIBRARY

At his death in 1664 Goodyer bequeathed his collection of
books de Plantis to Magdalen College in Oxon, * to be kept
entirely in the library of the said College for the use of the said
College ' ; and one Compton, described in the College Accounts as
* auriga de Petersfield was paid £% for bringing the books to
Oxford. The librarian,^ who incorporated the bequest, inscribed
the greater number of the volumes with the words * Ex dono Joh.
Goodyer, generosi ', and entered a list of them in a Book of Bene-
factors : a few volumes were, however, left unmarked. At first
the books were more or less kept together, but the changing needs
and views of successive generations led to their being scattered
throughout the library, some being removed to a distant room in
the Founder's Tower. In about 1909 Canon Vaughan, the dis-
tinguished Hampshire botanist, when preparing an article on John
Goodyer, entitled 'A forgotten Botanist of the Seventeenth Century',
could get no adequate idea of his predecessor's library. Eventually,
however, the original list was discovered and copied. It is headed
thus :

' A. D. 1664. Johannes Goodyer generosus idemque Botanicus
celeberrimus libros sequentes (qui fere universes de re herbaria
tractantes complectuntur) ad valorem plus minus i:zo^^^ amoris
ergo moriens CoUegio Magdalenensi Legavit ',

which may be translated as follows : ' John Goodyer, gent., and
a most distinguished Botanist, bequeathed at his death to Magdalen
College as a token of his affection the following books (which com-
prise almost all the authorities on botany) to the value of about

Canon Vaughan at once realized the value of the books. But let
him speak for himself. ' The names and descriptions of the volumes,
reveal a most splendid legacy of botanical treasures. I had already
recognized in Mr. John Goodyer a botanist of high repute, but that
he possessed such a library I never for a moment suspected. The
discovery came to me as a revelation. With the exception
perhaps of the British Museum, the Bodleian Library, the Cam-
bridge University Library, and the Library of the Linnean Society,

^ In 1664 Trebbecke, a chaplain, was paid £(i io« 'pro cura Bibliothecae ',
and John Clitheroe received the customary salary of 'pro supervisione
Bibliothecae '.

198

JOHN GOODYER

there can be few, if any, such collections of botanical works of the
sixteenth and first half of the seventeenth centuries in this country.'

When appointed to the charge of the library in 19 19 I was
quite unaware of Canon Vaughan's correspondence with my pre-
decessor, and the transcript of the list of the Goodyer books was
not in the library. Using the old list in the Book of Benefactors
as a guide, the work of bringing the scattered volumes together
was begun, and with it the compiling of a new catalogue of those
works which are still in the library. It is a matter for congratulation
that the collection is far more extensive than a somewhat imperfect
list printed in the Supplement to the Botanical Exchange Club
Report for 1916 would lead one to expect, and that with few
exceptions most of the volumes mentioned in the original list can
be identified. All the books in the collection have now been
marked with serial numbers and with the canting crest of the
Goodyer family. There are about 239 separate printed treatises
bound up into 134 volumes which in size are about equally divided
into folio, quartos, and octavos. Of incunabula or works printed in
the fifteenth century there are a few examples, chiefly from the
famous press of Aldus in Venice ; about a hundred of the treatises
belong to the sixteenth, and the rest to the first half of the
seventeenth century.

The wealth and variety of the collection is clearly shown by the
catalogue, but the personal associations of particular volumes with
contemporary botanists, as well as the marginal annotations, indexes,
and notes, which Goodyer so freely added to the works he used,
give a unique value to many of the books.

Some sixty-four of his books have the day of their acquisition
and the price paid clearly written on the first fly-leaf. It is
moreover a matter of interest that of the twenty works published
and purchased by him between 1650 and 1660 no less than seven
were acquired by Goodyer in the year before publication : a clear
proof that his enthusiasm for his science led him to keep in the
closest touch with the booksellers.

He appears to have started the practice of dating his books on
31 January 16 15 when he acquired Bauhin's 1598 folio edition of
Matthiolus for 2Qs. The subsequent dated additions to his library
were as follows :

Date of acquisition.

Price. Title and Year of Publication.

s d

2 6 Clusius, Curae posteriores, 1611.

16 o J „ Rariorum plantarum, 1601.

13 Novemb. 1616
12 Decemb. 1616

\ Pona, Monte Baldo, fol. 1601.

LIBRARY

199

Date of acquisition.

15 fteb. 1616
28 tTeb. 1 6 16

10 Marcii 1616

12 Mar. 1616

17 Mar. 1616
9 April 1620

18 May 1623

Binding
7 September 1623

13 October 1623
30 Oct. 1623
30 Novemb. 1623
26 Junii 1624

17 Novemb. 1627
10 Novemb. 1627

18 April 1629
ID Novemb. 1631

14 Novemb. 1631
13 Novemb. 1632

2 October 1632
10 Octob. 1632
18 Maij 1633

bindinge
28 Oct. 1634

Price.
s d

4
4
I

16
6

Title and Year of Publication.

Clusius, Exoticorum, 1605. Paged by G.
Bauhin, Phytopinax, 1 596. Full of G.'s notes.
Lobel, Plantarum, 1605.

2^'^ part. )

l^t part [98 6d

the binedinge them together. )
Dodoens, Stirpium, 1616.

2 o. Sprecchis, Antabsinthium, 1611.

Theophrastus, Opera, 1541.
Columna, Minus cogn. stirpium, 1616.
Lobel, Kruydtboeck, 1581,

30 April 1634 4
24 Aug. 1640 36
In quires

The bindinge 3
27 April 1641
? 1648

19 ffeb. 1651 5
15 March 165 1

22 March 165 1 32

receaved this booke from bindinge. Bauhin, Pinax, 1623.

3 6 Bauhin, Prodromus, 1620.

4 o Caesalpinus, De Plantis, 1583.
10 o de Passe, Hortus Floridus, 1615.

9 o Pona, Monte Baldo, 1617.
o 18 Dioscorides, de curationibus, 1 565.
o 12 Thevet, Amerique, 1558.
o 6 Plat, 1608.

20 o Matthiolus, Comment. 1583.
4 o Matthiolus, Compendium 1571.
4 6 ) 48 7^1. Donati, de semplici di Venetia,
o I i 1631.

Johnson, Mercurius, 1634, ex dono Th.

Johnson.
Dodoens, De Frugum. 1552.

15 July 1652
I Decemb. 1652

5 10

3 6
14 o

II Aug. 1653

ID Feb. 1653
7 Septemb. 1654
7 Septemb. 1654

19 Februarij 1654

15 June 1654

16 Apr. 1654

30 Marcii 1654

31 Augusti 1634
7 Sept. 1654.

14 „ „ 3

20 Marcij 1655 I
4 Aprill 1655 25

19 Aprill 1655 3

4 6

10 o

7 6

8 6

2 6

39. Parkinson, Theatrum, 1640.

Johnson, Mercurius Pars altera.
Thurneiser, 1578, bound.
Culpeper, English Physician, 1652.
Bauhin, Historia plantarum.

Sent Dr. Dale for Johes Bauhin 3 volumes,
for the portage to & from Dr. Dales,
to John Symonds to carry up the money,
to William Mychell for bringing the
bookes down.

Pemel, Simples, 1652.

Hernandez, Planta Mexicanorum, 165 1.

' to a porter for carriage to Dr. Dale.
Portage down in Mris Elz. Heathes
Trunck.'— II Dec.
Renealmus, Specimen, 161 1. [Purch. by
How.].

Bauhin, Theatri botanici, 1658.
Duval, Phytologia, 1647.
Laurenberg, Horticultura, 1654.
Lobel, Stirpium illustrationes, 1655.
Dioscorides & Nicander, 1499.
Lonicer, (imp.).

Matthiolus, Les Commentaires, 1566.
Aristotle & Theophrastus, 1552.
Amatus in Diosc. 1558.
Binding Dioscorides MS.
Coles, Art of simpling, '56.
Matthiolus, Kreutterbuch, 1590.
Brunyer, Hort. Blesensis, 1653.

200 JOHN GOODYER

Date of acquisition.

19 Aprill 1655

5 Aprill 1655

1 Junij 1655

10 May 1655
25 May 1655
25 May 1655
25 May 1655

25 May 1655 unbound
28 Junij the bindinge

25 May 1655 in quires

28 Junij 1655 the bindinge

6 Sept. 1655 2
15 Julij 1657

15 Julij 1657

16 Decemb. 1657
16 Decemb. 1657

11 Mar. 1658

2 Dec. 1658
30 Apr. 1659
30 Apr. 1659

1659
21 March 1660
10 May 1660

26 Sept. 1661

Price.

Zi//^ and Year of Publication.

Vigna, Animadversiones.
Cooke, Chirurgery, 1648.

„ Supplement, 1655.

Muffet, Health, 1655.
Troxiten, 1595.

Dioscorides, Laguna transl. 1555.
Curtius, 1560.

5s 8^. Guilandinus, Theon, 1558.

15^ 4^^ Lonicer, Kreuterbuch, 1630.

Tabernaemontanus, 1625.

Theophrastus, ed. Gaza, 1644.

Moscardo, 1656.

Langham, 1633.

Coghan, Health, 1636.

Neander, Tobacologia, 1626. [Ex dono

R, Downes.]
Everartus, Panacea, 1659.

Dodoens, Herbarius, 1563 | ^ Basingstoke.'

Dorsten, Botanicon, 1540 ) °

[How], Phytologia, 1650.

Lovel, Hist. Animals, 1661.

Ray, Cat. PI. Cantabrigiensis, 1657.

Binding Theophrastus MS.

Signatures or Personal Memoranda in Goodyer's

Books.

The numbers are the reference numbers stamped on the backs of the volumes.

Hendrik Alberts.
Guilielmus Barloits Anghis.
JB ex dono CB coitsmig.

Evidently a gift from Caspar
O. Bilson.''
He7iry Blount.
Magister Bowden.
De Brina

Lancelot Browne^ M.D., Ijg8.^
F. Bust IS77'
Jacob ColeJ^

D. Daile in Long Aker.
Dr. Dale.''

Dodoens. 11.
Dioscorides. 113.
Thurneiser. 37.
to Jean Bauhin.^
Turner. 13.
Neander. 67.
Dodoens. 11.
Clusius. 106.
Caesalpinus. 59.
Joubert. 128.
Dodoens. 96.
Hernandez. 26.
Hernandez. 26. Bauhin. 43.

^ Jean Bauhin, 1541. Caspar Bauhin, 1560-1624. Converted the chaos
of plant nomenclature into order in 1623. Goodyer entered biographical notes
on Bauhin on a fly-leaf of his Phytopinax.

2 O. BiLSON. See p. 96.

3 Lancelot Browne, M.D. Fellow of Pembroke Hall and of the College
of Physicians, 1584 ; first physician to Queen Elizabeth. He is quoted on the
subject of the Balsam tree by Gerard, to whose Herbal 1597 he contributed a
eulogistic epistle. He died in 1605.

* James Cole. Son-in-law of Lobel, see p. 247.
^ Dr. Dale. See p. 294.

LIBRARY

20I

Neander. 67.
Kyber. 105.
Caesalpinus. 59.

Caesalpinus. 59.
Dioscorides. 5.
Dodoens. 11.
Porta. 130.
Lonicer. 14.
Monardus. 126.
Passe. 81.
Turner. 13.
Stephanus. 95.
Cooke. 118.

Matthiolus. 38. Renealmus. 14.
Johnson. 99. Tabernaemonta-
nus. 46. How MS. 18.

Dodoens. 97.

Brunfels. 29.

Ric. Dozvnes}
Joaimes Freame.
Ricus Garth.'^

Rob. Garth, Juris Nat. Consult.

2^ Martij i^gS.
Alexis Gaicdin.

Rich. George, pharm. of Reading.
JL Gilbou\rne'\> .
John Gooche.
Jo: Gceoodier.
Jo lies Goodyer.

E. Gray, * heboriste \^
Hen. Harvey et amic.
Tho. henry.

W. Howe.

R. Huchenson.
Susa7i Ironsmitk.
Thomas Johnso7t.^
Johan Jul. ?
Bartho: Kempe.
G. Le Fevre.^
Matth. de Lobel. ^
Alexander Massa.
Geo. Medeleye.
W. Motmt?

Dr. Martin Ramerius.^

G. Rondelet.
Anth. Rous.
Antony Swalms.

H. W. (? Henry Wotton, M.D.^)
John Yates, barber & chirurgion.

^ The Samuel Downes, M.D., who made the collection of dried plants
presented by J. Downes in 1731 to Shrewsbury School, may have been related
to Richard Downes.

^ Richard Garth. See p. 237.

^ E. Gray, * heboriste'. It would be interesting if he should turn out to be
Gray the apothecary (fl. 1570), who introduced Pistacia officinalis (Lobel, Adv.
413) and had trees of Diospyros Lotus L. and of Celtis aiistralis L. in his
garden under London Wall {Ger. 1308, 13 10).

* Thomas Johnson. See p. 273.

G. Le Fevre. At a later date two of this name appear on the Roll of the
R. College of Physicians. Sebastian Le Fevre, L.R.C.P., 1684, Joshua Le Feure,

F. R.C.P., 1687.

^ Lobel. See p. 246. ' W. Mount. See p. 253.

* Martin Rhamneirus, M.B., a Spaniard, a native of Cordova and
a Bachelor of Medicine, was admitted a Licentiate of the R. College of
Physicians, 1584.

^ Henry Wotton, M.D., Student of Christ Church and Fellow of Corpus
Christi College, Oxford, F.R.C.P., 1571-2.

Matthiolus. 32.
Johnson. 105.
Fuchs. 35.
Dodoens. 12.
Hess. ICQ.
Lobel. 17.
Fuchs. 112.
Dorsten. 9.
Lobel. 79.
Lobel. 17.
MS. 13.
Soranus. 6.
Fuchs. 8.
Ruellius. 34.
Dodoens. 10.

JOHN GOODYER

Persons from whom Books were Acquired.

Vendor.
Dr. Dale

Humphrey Robinso7t^ \ ^ ^/'^^^!f^ Mychell
Bernard Robinson I ^"'"^ ^y""""^'
John Martin
Octavian Pulleyn ^
William Wells
Mr. Allestre

Carrier.
Eliz. Heath

Donor.
Richard Downes

Dr. William How
Perhaps a vendor

Thomas Johnson

Na77ie of work.
Hernandez. 26.

Bauhin, Hist. PL 43-45.

Bauhin, Theatr. 52.
Tabernaemontanus, 46-47.
Matthiolus. 38.
Renealmus. 68.

Neander. 67.

I Renealmus. 68.
Tabernaemontanus. 46-47.
Matthiolus. 38.
How & Lobel. 72.
How, Phyt. MS. 18.
Johnson, 99.
Mercurius. 105.

Books CoNTAiNirNTo Goodyer's Notes.
Goodyer wrote notes in almost all the books with which he
worked. Chief of these were

Tabernaemontanus, Eicones, 1590.
[Lobel], Icones, 1591.
Bauhin, Phytopinax, 1596.
And doubtless his copy of Gerard's Herbal.^ ^597, was similarly
annotated and corrected, but it is unfortunately no longer in the
Library.^ He numbered the pages or chapters of

Bauhin, Hist, plantarum, 1650. G. numbered 6524 columns.
Besler, Hort. Eystettensis, 1613. To p. '854'.

„ Fasc. rariorum, 1616.
Clusius, Exotica, 1605.
Dioscorides, 1499.
Theophrastus, 1497.
He numbered or named plants described or figured in
Bauhin, Animadversiones, 1601.

^ Humphrey Robynson of London appears in a book of Richard Napier's
astrological practice in 1606. MS. Ashmole 181.

^ Octavian Pulleyn described himself as inercator libroriim Italicoriijn
in an inscription inside the cover of a book (Tower F. l) given by Sam. Lee to
the Wadham library. An Octavius Pullin (? the same man) had been a student
at Padua in 1638-9 (Andrich, Be Natione Ajtglzca, Pataviis 1892). See p. 294.

^ I shall be most grateful for any information which will enable me to trace
the whereabouts of the lost volume. It should be readily recognizable by
Goodyer's notes.

LIBRARY

203

Johnson, Iter, 1629. de Passe, Hort. Horidus, 1615.

„ Mercurius, 1634. Thalius, Sylva Hercynia, 1588.

1641. Tragus, 1552.

Goodyer was an indefatigable indexer. In some cases, in which
several works are bound up together in the same cover, he not only-
corrected the pagination of the separate works, but carried the
page-numbers right on. He made indexes to the combined works
of Turner (No. 13), to de Bry's Anthologia^ 1626, and to Clusius,
Rariorum Plantarum (MS. 8. iii). His index to Gerard's Herbal
(1597) is in a small 8vo parchment -bound volume (MS. 16). The
manuscript indexes to the following works are bound with MS. 11.
Johnson, Mercurii i and 2, MS. 11, ff. 29-32.
How, Phytologia, MS. 11, fif. 33-7.

Catalogue of the Goodyer Library.

The notes quoted in small type are mostly in Goodyer's hand.

Albucasis.

6 Libri tres Chirurgicorum. fol. Argent. Schott 1532

Bound with Horatianus.

Alpinus, Prosper.
^ j De plantis Aegypti. ^ ^
^ i De balsamo dialogus. ^' ^^^'^

With notes to plates.
62 De plantis exoticis, libri duo ; ed. ab Alp. Alpino auctoris
fil. 4. Ven. 1627

With G.'s references to Parkinson.
92 De rhapontico disputatio. 4. Patav. 1612

* Bauhinus transmisit nova Pipera Indicam — Pinax 103 (a 7).'

Amatus, Lusitanus.
82 In Dioscoridis . . . de Materia Medica. 8. Lugd. 1 558

'7 Septemb. 1654— 5s.'

Apuleius, Lucius.
86 De medicaminibus herbarum, lib. i. Edited with a com-
mentary by Gabriel Humelberg. 4. Isinae 1 537
De herbarum virtutibus historia ; at end of SORANUS, q.v.

[fol. Basil. 1528]

Aristotle.

2 Problemata, Mechanica, Metaphysica. fol. Aid. 1497

Bound with Theophrastus, De historia plantarum.
138 Historia animalium etc. 8vo. Lugd. 1552

Alexander Aphrodisiensis.
2 Problemata. fol. Aid. 1497

Bound with Theophrastus, De historia plantarum.

204

JOHN GOODYER

Bauhinus, Caspar.

55 ^vTOTTiva^, seu Enumeratio plantarum ab herbariis nostro

saccule descriptarum cum earum differentiis etc. et cum
iconibus ; [libri octo]. 4, Basil. 1 596

'28 ffeb 1616— 3« 6^.'

Numerous notes by G., including notes on Bauhin's life.
/ Animadversiones in historiam generalem plantarum Lugduni
editam. Catalogus plantarum circiter quadragintarum eo
in opere bis terve positarum. 4. Francof. 1601

,De homine oratio in medicorum Lycaeo 1614.

4. Athen. Rauracis [16 14]

Plants numbered by G.
IC9 De remediorum formulis Graecis, Arabibus et Latinis usi-
tatis. J 2. Francof. 1619

De corporis humani partibus externis. 12. Basil. 1588

69 Ylpobpofxos theatri botaniqi. 4. Francof. 1620

' 26 Junii 1624— 6^'

56 ritmf theatri botanici ; sive index in Theophrasti, Dioscori-

dis, Plinii et aliorum qui de plantis scripserunt ; [libri
duodecim]. 4. Basil. 1623

' Receaved this booke from bindinge 30 Novemb. 1623.'
Interleaved. A few notes on pp. 2, 52, 96, last leaf.
123 Catalogus plantarum circa Basileam sponte nascentium.

8. Basil. 1622

52 Theatri Botanici, sive historiae plantarum liber primus.

fol. Basil. 1658

, ' 10 ffeb. 1653 — iqs a Johanne Martin.' Marginal references by G.

Bauhinus, Joannes.

J De plantis a divis sanctisve nomen habentibus. 8. Basil. 1591

\ De plantis absynthii nomen habentibus. 8. Montis Belg. 1 593

^„ f De aquis medicatis libri quatuor. 1 . ^ ,

88 \^ . .... ^. . 4.MontisBelg.i6i2

i De varus fossilibus, stirpibus et msectis. ) ^ ^

Reference on p. 194 by G.

71 Historiae plantarum generalis prodromus.

(With Cherler, J. H.) 4. Ebrod. 161 9

Reference on p. 71 by G.

43-5 Historia plantarum universalis, quam recensuit et auxit Dom.

Chabraeus, juris publici fecit Fr. Lud. a Graffenried.

3 vols. fol. Ebrod. 1 650-1

* March the 15*** 165 1
bought of my Master Humphrey Robinson
the 3 vollumes of J. Bauhinus which I do warrant
to be pfect per me Bernard Robinson.'
Columns numbered i to 2064 and i to 2172 and i to 2288.

LIBRARY

Inscription by Goodyer
1651 22 March

sent Dr. Dale for Johes Bauhins 3 volumes 3^' 2^ 6^

for the postage to and from Dr. Dales 010

to John Symonds to carry up the money 010

to William Mychell for bringing the bookes down 014

Bayfius, see Stephanus, C.
Bellonius, p.
41 Observationes.

Translated & edited by C. Clusius. fol. Plantin, 1605

Bellus, Honorius.
39 Epistolae de rarioribus quibusdam plantis agentes. fol. i6ot
(With Clusius, No. 39.)

Besler, Basil.

29* Hortus Eystettensis. large fol. s. 1. 1613

Paged by G. to 854. Plant names written on some plates, e.g. 540.
80 Fasciculus rariorum et aspectu dignorum, varii generis etc.

fol. Norib. 161 6

Pages numbered.

Blesensis, see Brunyer.

Bock, H., see Tragus.

Brasavolus, Ant. Musa.
103 Examen omnium simplicium medicamentorum ; with Aris-
totle's Problemata quae ad stirpium genus et oleracea
pertinent. 8. Lugd. 1537

86 De herba Vetonica ; with a commentary by Gabriel Hum-
melberg; with L. Apuleii libro De medicaminibus
herbarum. 4. Isin. 1^37

Two ff. of Latin MS. with marginal notes. No notes by G. A bill of
4 items on p. I ' Coyse 3^ o^, Fan 3^ 2^, Apuleius 2^ o^, Plato 6^ '.

Breda, see Brosterhusius.

Brosterhusius, Joh.
134 Catalogus plantarum horti medici illustris scholae Auriacae,
quae est Bredae. 8. Bredae, 1647

Brosse, Guy de la.
71 Description du jardin royal des plantes medicinales.

4. Par. 1636

108 De la nature, vertu et utilite des plantes, divise en cinq livres.

8. Par. 1628

On back of title ' i^^ o '.

2o6

JOHN GOODYER

Browne, W., see Stephens, P.

[Browne, Sir T.

Hydriotaphia. Missing. London, 1658]

Brunfels, O.

1^9 Onomasticon medicinae continens omnia nomina herbarum.

fol. Argent, ap. Jo. Schottum, 1534
' 20 Nov. 1634 Tho. Johnson bought him for 3^.'
Bound with Hildegard, Physicae. G. has added names to the list
of writers on fo. k iii.

On the title-page is an inscription in the handwriting that we have
called that of Dr. Dale, who may have owned the book after Johnson's
death in 1644.

7 Herbarium. Vol. i. Herbarium. 2. Novi Herbarii, 1536.
3. Tomus Herbarii HI, 1536. Appendix, 1539.

fol. Argent, ap. Jo. Schottum, 1537

' 1537 Hen. 28.'

Brunyer, Abel.
20 Hortus regius Blesensis. fol. Par. 1653

' 19 Aprill 1655— 3^'

Bruyerinus, Joannes.
124 De re cibaria, lib. xxii. 8. Francof. 1600

Bry, J. T. DE.

25 Anthologia Magna. fol. Francof. 1626

MS. Index by G.

[BUMALDUS, MONTALBANUS.

Bibliotheca Botanica. Missing, 12 Bononiae, 1657]

Caesalpinus, Andreas.
59 De plantis, lib. 16. 4. Florent. 1583

' 17 Nov. 1627— 4V
On title : — * Ricus Garth praeciij

Sum Lanceloti Brunii medici Reginei ex dono amicissimi viri
Mri. Rob. Garthii Juris Nationalis Consult 25 Martij 1598.'
2 Titles of books (Durante & Rondelet) noted.
65 De metallicis, lib. 3. 4. Romae, 1 596

Ref. at end to p. 152 'liber de questionibus Peripat. c. Magnet'.
In binding is a writing relating to — Scott of Sutton, 1608.

Caesar, see Cornarius.
Calceolarius, F.
58 Iter Baldi. 8. Francof. t 586

With Matthiolus.

Camerarius, Joachimus.
85 EKAe/cra yecopytKa, sive opuscula de re rustica, partim collecta,
partim composita a J. Camerario. 4. Norib. 1577

LIBRARY

207

89 Hortus medicus et philosophicus, in quo plurimarum stirpium
breves descriptiones etc. continentur. 4. PVancof. 1588
89 Icones accurate delineatae praecipuarum stirpium, quarum
descriptiones tarn in Horto quam in Sylva Hercynia suis
locis habentur. 4. Francof. 1588

References to ' Icones
Kreutterbuch 1590, sec Matthiolus, No. 38.

[Cato, M. Porcius.

De re rustica. Missing. 12 Col. 1536]

Probably disposed of as a duplicate of the copy presented by
A. Throkmorton.

Chemnitz, Joannes.

92 Index plantarum circa Brunsvigam nascentium : Appendix

continens icones plantarum. 4. Brunsvigae, 1652

Cherlerus, see Bauhin, J.

Clavenas. Nicolaus.

f Historia absinthii umbelliferi.)
02 i TT. , . r • 1 4- Venet. 1610

^ 1 Histona scorzonerae Italici. ^

Clusius, Carolus.
07 Historia rariorum aliquot stirpium per Hispanias obser-
vatarum. 8. Ant. 1576

06 Historia rariorum aliquot stirpium per Pannoniam, Austriam
et vicinas quasdam provincias observatarum. 8. Ant. 1583
Stirpium nomenclator Pannonicus (Beithii). „ 1584

On title, ' huius libri pretium — 3^ 4^. De Brina '. Name of an
owner erased. On last p. ' Costa soldi tre, dico 53 moneta sterlinga
1583, 25 Decemb.'

41 Exoticorum libri decern, quibus animalium, plantarum,
aromatum aliorumque peregrinorum fructuum historiae
describuntur ; item P. Bellonii observationes C. Clusio
interprete. fol. Plantin. 1605

With a copy of the Curae posteriores, and Oratio fiinebris at end.
' 15 ffeb 1616-15^'

Pages numbered by G., beginning p. '825 '. Marginal references.
I Rariorum plantarum historia. j^^j j()q\

t Funcrorum in Pannoniis observatorum historia.)

This work has been repaged by G., who also compiled an index
to it.-Goodyer MS. 8.
39 Curae posteriores. fol. Plantin, 16 11

With G.'s references to Phyto. and Pinax.
' 13 Novemb. 1616. Cur. poster. 2^ 6<^.
12 Decemb. 1616 16'.'
41 Oratio funebris in obitum C. Clusii (by E. Vorst).

fol. Plantin, 161 1

208

JOHN GOODYER

CoGHAN, Thomas.
132 The Haven of Health, chiefly gathered for the comfort of
students ; hereunto is added a preservation from the
pestilence, with a short censure of a late sickness at
Oxford. 4*^ edit. 8. Lond. 1636

' 16 Decemb. 1657.'

Coles, W.

121 The art of simpling ; an introduction to the knowledge of
gathering plants ; whereunto is added a discovery of the
lesser world. 8. Lond. 1656

* 20 Marcij 1655 — 4^^.'

In binding a fragment of deed mentioning * Lady Jane late Queene '
and * Lady Ann ' at ' Bower '.

CoLLAERT, Adrian.
80 Florilegium. oblong 4*^. n. d.

Columella, Lucius J. M.
110 De cultu hortorum. 12. Argent. 1530

COLUMNA, FaBIUS.
87 ci>vTo^aaavo9, sive plantarum aliquot historia ; accessit etiam
piscium aliquot historia. 8. Neap. 1592

Refs. to Pinax.

( Minus cognitarum rariorumque nostro coelo Orientium
stirpiurn cKc^pao-c?, item de aquatilibus aliisque animalibus
quibusdum paucis libellus. In two parts. 4. Rom. 16 16
[ Purpura ; et aliorum aquatilium observationes. „ ,,

* 13 Octob. 1623 — 16^'

'Fabius Columna was but 25 yere old when he sett forth his
Phutobasanos p. 210 & he set forth his P. ten yers before he wrote
this story, p. 219. Diosc. graecus codex MS. p. 71.

Johannis Carbonarius of Naples hath many old Manuscripts p. 71.

Johannis Baptista Raimundi idem p. 72, 142.' G.'s notes.

Contarini, see Pona.
Cooke, James.

118 Melleficium chirurgiae, or the marrow of many good authors

on the art of chyrurgery. 8. Lond. 1648

' 5 Aprill 1655— 2^ 4'^'

Name of former owner * Tho ' ' Thenry ' on front page.

' Frog-spawne p.431' 1 on back cover in G.'s hand.

' Lucatellas Balsam, p. 467 J

119 Supplement to the marrow of chyrurgerie. 8. Lond. 1655

* I Junij 1655 — 2^ 4'>.'

' Swellings of the lunges 228.' ' Ricketts— 243.'
[Select observations on English bodies. Missing. 8. 1657]

LIBRARY

209

CORDUS, EURICIUS.

J 02 Botanologion. 8. Col. ap. J. Gymnicum 1534

[CoRDUs, Valerius.

Annotationes in Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de materia

medica libros quinque.
Historiae stirpium, cum iconibus, libri quatuor.
Sylva de fossilibus in Germania.
De artificiosis extractionibus.

Compositiones aliquot medicinales rariores. fol. Argent. 1561]
Missing : perhaps duplicated by the copy in the Gibbarde Col-
lection and sold.

Cornarius, J.

123 Constantini Caesaris selectarum preceptarum de agricultura
libri viginti, interprete Jano Cornario. 8. Basil. 1540

With marginal notes (cut by binder) in early hand.
' DUUM em C. h. g. o' on last p.
' the orderig of vynes // liber quint / fo.'

CORNUTUS, Jacobus.
61 Canadensium plantarum aliorumque nondum editarum his-
toria ; Enchiridion botanicum Parisiense. 4 Par. 1635
Notes to figures : refs. to Parkinson.

CosTAEUs, Joannes.
90 De universali stirpium natura. Libri duo. 8. Aug. Taur. 1578,

Crescentius, p.
I De plantis, animalibus et agricultura. fol. Lovan. 1473

In contemporary Oxford stamped leather binding.
Pagination added by G. MS. list of ten goodwives. See p. 381.

Cuba, Johannes de.
9 Hortus sanitatis de animalibus et reptilibus, de avibus et
volatilibus de piscibus et natatilibus, de gemmis et in
venis terrae nascentibus.

fol. Argent, p. Matth, Apiarium 1536

With Dorsten.

CULPEPER, NiCH.

23 The English Physician. fol. London 1652

' 19 ffeb. 1651— 5«.'
' Vale et diu vive.*

CURTIUS, BeNEDICTUS.
.36 Hortorum, libri triginta. fol. Lugd. 1560

' 25 May 1655— 15V

2IO

JOHN GOODYER

Dalechampius, Jacobus.
135-6 Historia generalis plantarum. 2 vols. fol. Lugd. 1586-7
The copy in the Sherardian Collection in the Botanic Garden has
the name of Goodyer's great friend Williajn Coys written on the
title-page.

DiOSCORIDES, PeDACIUS.

4 Opera Gr. fol. Ven. Aid. 1499 Ed. pr.

'15 Junii 1654—88 6^'

Paged, and chapters numbered.

5 Opera trad, de lengua Griega en la vulgar Castellana por

Andres de Laguna.^ fol. Anvers. 1555

*25 May 1655 — 25^'

'Alexis Gaudin' (owner's signature on title). Silver stamp on
binding.

113 De materia medica, ab Andr. Matthiolo emendata.

12. Lugd. 1554

* Guilielmus Barlous Anglus 6^ bats 1 567.'
Prescription ' contra pestem D. Cratonis ' on last page.

83 De medicinali materia Gr. Lat. 8 libb. cum castigationibus.

8. Paris 1 549

Lat. transl. by J. Ruellius.

With Paragraphs numbered throughout and cross references to
Matthiolus by Goodyer.

|De simplici medicina. ) j a

IDe naturis et virtutibus aquarum.) ^' -^51^

With medical prescriptions at end in an old hand.

84 De curationibus morborum per medicamenta paratu facilia

lib. II. 8. Argent. 1565

With Latin translation, partly by J. Moibanus, partly by C. Gesner.
' 10 Nov. 1631 — iS"!.'

A few marginal notes by G., pp. 258, 593. At end 'Antidotus
Saxonica 830. Inflatio stomachi, 533.*

On title initials of former owner 'RS.' In binding, part of an
English theological MS. on parchment.

DODOENS, ReMBERT.
96 De Frugum Historia. 12. Antv. 1552

* 30 April 1634 — 4^.'

*Jacobi Colei.* His marginal notes on p. 14 v. ,

^ In the copy of this work in the Botanical Department of the British
Museum I found an inscription, presumably by the translator : —
Doctor Andreas Lagouna hunc librum Johanni
Mutier amico suo, dono dedit anno 1557.

LIBRARY

211

10 L'histoire des plantes ; traduite de bas Aleman en Fran9ois

par Charles de TEscluse. fol. Anvers. 1 557

With G.'s references and many old notes. At end * John Yates,

barber & chyrurgion '. * hope helps hevie harts.'
Of Lentiscus he notes :

* I se thys tre at benys marks in London at one M'. Hennege hys
howse of the previ chamber to quen elizabeth.' p. 547.

' The leves of saven mayd in powder & droken with alle kylleth
worms in the bellye.

* Also y® sayd powder cast uppon warts in ye yard of man kylleth
ye warts, & if it be swelled it wyll dyssolve it.* p. 538.

11 Herbarius oft Cruydt-boeck. fol. Antv. 1563

'30 Apr. 1559 — 38. Basingstoke.'

* Hendrick Alberts — 1570' on last page.

* Richardus George pharmacopeus de Reading est verus possessor
huius libri, ex dono Magistri Bowden, Julij 9 die 1619.'

With many MS. translations into English of the Dutch text, which
Mr. George evidently had difficulty in comprehending.
1% A neewe herball or history of plantes; first set forth in the
Doutche or Almaigne tongue, and nowe first translated
out of French into English ; by Henry Lyte.

fol. Lond. Gerard Dewes, 1578

* Bartho: Kempe.*

40 Cruydt boeck, met biivoegsels achten elck capittel . . .

Carolus Clusius. fol. Leyden, 1608

42 Stirpium historiae pemptades sex, sive libri triginta.

fol. Antv. 1 61 6

' 9 April 1620— 20^ the carrier i^.'
With a few references to Phyto. (p. 125) by Goodyer.
97 Purgantium, aliarumque eo facientium, turn et radicum,
convoluulorum. 8. Antv. 157 4

* R. Huchenson.'

DoNATi, Antonio.
92 Trattato de semplici, pietre et pesci marini, che nasceno nel
lito di Venetia. 4. Venetia 1631

'iSMaij i633-4«6d)
bindinge l^j

DORSTENIUS, ThEODORICUS.
9 Botanicon, continens herbarum aliquotque simplicium,
quorum usus in medicinis est, descriptiones et iconas ad
vivum effigiatas. fol. Franc. Christ. Egenolphus 1540
'30 Apr. 1659 — 48.' Basingestoke. Many old notes.
Name of earlier owner ' George Medeleye, vi^ viii'^ ' on title.

Durante, Castor.
21 Herbario novo, con figure. fol. Rom. 1585

p 2

212

JOHN GOODYER

Duval, Guillelmus.
98 Phytologia ; sive philosophia plantarum. 8. Par. 1647

* 7 Septemb 1654.'

Eder, Gulielmus.
110 Synonyma Plantarum seu Simplicium ut vocant, circa In-
goldstadium sponte nascentium ... in usum Scholae
Medicae Ingolstadiensis collecta. 12. Ingolstadii. 161 8

Egenolph, C.

' Plantarum arborum fruticum et herbarum effigies . . . Baume,
Stauden, Kreuter, etc., cum Indice sextuplici.
87 i 8. Franc. C. Egen. 1562

Animantium terrestrium, volatilium et aquatilium effigies.
I 19 pp. 8. Franc. C. Egen. 1562

At end is a Petition of Richard Chambers to ParHament c. 1644.

E[velyn], J.

24 Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest Trees. fol. Lond. 1664

EVERARTUS, AEGIDIUS.
120 Panacea, or the universal medicine ; being a discovery of the
wonderful vertues of tobacco taken in a pipe, with its
operation and use both in physick and chirurgery ; transl.
from the Latin with an introductory epistle : by J. R.

8. Lond. 1659

'2 Dec. 1658— IS 2^:

Purchased by Goodyer before publication.

FERRARIUS, J. B.
74 De florum cultura 4 libb, editio nova accurante Bern.
Rottendorffio. 4. Am.st. 1646

Fiera, J. Baptista.
lie Coena de herbarum virtutibus, et ea medicae artis parte,
quae in victus ratione consistit. 12. Argent. (1530)

Old notes on p. 22 and at end.

Fragosus, Joh.

95 Aromatum, fructuum et simplicium aliquot medicamentorum
ex India utraque in Europam delatorum, historia brevis,
Latine reddidit Israel Spachius. 12. Argent. 1601

FUCHS, Leonhart.
112 De historia stirpium commentarii, cum imaginibus ad naturae
imitationem effectis. 12. Lugd. 1555

' Alexandri Massa* * 47^ 6^.' English names of plants in margins.
35 Ditto. fol. Basil. Isingrin, 1542

* Johannis Jul . . ? ' ' Hen. 8. 34.'

LIBRARY ai3

8 New Kreiiterbuch. fol. Basell. Isingrin, 1542

Coloured copy.

Imperfect, title missing. Inside cover many verses and mottoes
in French, quoted from Rombout Martens and others.
At end * Sum Antony Swalms et Amicorum

Gansius, Joh. Ludovicus.
102 Corallorum historia. 8. Franc. 1630

' Charle Knolfts ' at end.

GESN.ER, Conrad.
117 Historia plantarum et vires ex Dioscoride, Paulo Aegineto,
Theophrasto, Plinio etc. 12. Par. Jo. Roigny 1541

102 Ditto. 8. Basil. Ro. Wynter 1541

loi Apparatus et delectus simplicium medicamentorum.

8. Lugd. 1542

93 Catalogus plantarum, Latine Graece Germanice et Gallice.

4. Tiguri 1542

In binding are two copies of an Order to Churchwardens and
Constables of Parishes to assess sum due for relief of maimed
souldiers of City of London according to Act of Parliament 43 Eliz.
and to pay same to W. Antrobus, Treasurer, at his house in Parish
of St. Gregory, S. Pauls Churchyard.
Mizaldus 104 contains a copy of the same document.
109 Epistolae aliquot a C. Bauhino editae. 8. Basil. 1591

Praefatio de rei herb, scriptores :

Preface to Tragus, de Stirpiu?n, q. v.

Gerard, John.

[Herbal. Missing. fol. Lond. 1597]

50 The herball, or general historie of plants ; very much en-
larged and amended by Thos. Johnson. fol. Lond. 1633

no GUEROALDUS, GuiLLERMUS, see MaCER.
GUILANDINUS, MELCHIOR

Theon, seu apologiae adversus Pet. Andream

Matthaeolum.
De Stirpibus aliquot epistolae quinque; item

descriptio manuco-diattae, seu aviculae Dei. ^
Commentarius in C. Plinii Majoris capita aliquot.

3rd edit. 4. Lausaniae 1576
*25 Maij 1655, vnbound 4^ 6^] ^ ,
28 Junij 1655, the bindinge 2^) ^
122 Papyrus, hoc est commentarius in tria C. Plinii majoris de
papyrocapita, recensente Henrico Salmuth.

12. Ambergae 1613

«-4. Patav. 1558

214

JOHN GOODYER

75 Herbarius in Latino cum figuris. 4. s. 1. et a,

[? 1485]

In original binding. English plant-names written in.

Hernandez, Franciscus.
26 Nova plantarum, animalium et mineralium Mexicanorum
historia ; in volumen digesta per N. Ant. Recchum, cum
iconibus ; et cum notis et additt. J. Terentii, J. Fabri. et
Fab. Columnae, cumque aliquot tabulis phytosophicis
principis Federici Caesii. fol. Romae 1651

*i Decemb. 1652 iH 14"

to a porter for carriage to Dr. Dale o 00

1 1 Decemb. portage downe in Mris Elz. Heathes Trunck 0/

In another hand:
* D. Daile in Longe Aker over agst ye freinte ordinary.'

Hess, Paul.

ICQ Defensio xx Problematum Melchioris Guilandini adversus
quae Petr. Andreas Mattheolus ex centum scripsit.

'G. Le Fevre.' 12. Patav. 1562

Hesychius.

3 Dictionarium. fol. Hagenoae 1521

HiLDEGARD.

29 Physicae. fol. Argent. 1533

Bound with Brunfels, Onomasiicon, q.v., and therefore presumably
one of T. Johnson's books.

HoRSTius, Jacobus.

Herbarium Horstianum, seu de selectis ^
plantis et radicibus, duobus libris edente
Greg. Horstio.

94 -/ Opusculum de vite vinifera ejusque parti- )■ 8. Marpurg 1630
bus.

Appendix cultori plantarum exoticarum
necessaria.

HORTO, Garcia ab. {G. del Huerto)
128 Aromatum, et simplicium aliquot medicamentorum apud
Indos nascentium historia ; ex lingua Lusitanica cum notis
per Car. Clusium. 8. Antw. 1574

[How, W.]
MS. 18 Phytologia Britannica.

* Rec. 30 Apr. 1659.'

The Author's interleaved copy with many notes by himself and by
G. This work is described in detail on pp. 276-294.

LIBRARY

Johnson, Thomas.
92 Iter plantarum investigationis ergo susceptum a decern sociis
in agrum Cantianum A.D. 1629. Ericetum Hamstedianum.

4. s. 1. (1629)

With list of plants added by Goodyer.
99 Descriptio Itineris plantarum investigationis ergo suscepti
a decern sociis in agrum Cantianum A.D. 1632. Ericetum
Hamstedianum, sive plantarum ibi crescentium observatio
habita. i2. s. 1. 1632

The author's own copy with his MS. index and additional notes by
How, MS. 19. See pp. 232 and 277.
50 The Herball of Gerard ' very much enlarged and amended '.

fol. Lond. 1633

{Mercurius botanicus. ) o t 1 ^

' 8. Lond. 1634
De thermis Bathonicis tractatus. j

*28 Octob. 1634.

Ex dono Thomae Johnson.' -G.

Plant names picked out with yellow colour.

95 Mercurii Botanici, pars altera. 12. Lond. 1641

* 27 Aprilis 1641.'

With G.'s notes. Several plant names picked out in colour.

JouBERT, Laurent.

IMedicinae practicae priores libri tres, edit. \
tertia. I 8. Lugd. 1577

Isagoge therapeutices methodi. j
' F Bust 1577*^ ptium iijs vid.'

Kyberus, David.
105 Lexicon rei herbariae trilingue. 8. Argent. 1553

With C. Gesner's Tabulae at end.
' Joannis Freame est verus possessor huius libri.'
Notes in his hand (?) on pp. 302, 303.

Langham, William.
76 The garden of health ; 2nd edit. 4. Lond. 1633

' 16 Decemb. 1657 pretiu 4« 2^.'

Laurenbergius, Petrus.
63 Horticultura, duobus libris. 4. Franc, ad Moen. 1654

Apparatus plantarius primus, duobus libris, i. De plantis
bulbosis ; ii. De plantis tuberosis. 4. Franc, ad Moen. 1654
' 7 September 1654— 7« 6^.'

End papers cut from a deed mentioning John Smith, Thomas
Marshall, and Thomas Read of Parish of St. Mary Hill.
Signature of Ja. Ireland.

Lemnius, Levinus.
129 De plantis sacris. See Vallesius. 8 Lugd. 1652

2l6

JOHN GOODYER

i8 ■{

Leonicenus, NIC.
86 De Plinii et aliorum in medicina erroribus liber ; accedunt
de herbis et fruticibus, animalibus, metallis, serpentibus,
tiro seu vipera. 4. Basil. H. Petrus 1529

Lerius, Joan.

125 Historia navigationis in Brasiliam, quae et America dicitur.

8. Genev. 1586

In original vellum binding, with title on back of binding in
Goodyer's hand.

LoBEL, Matthias de.
17 Plantarum seu stirpium historia: cui annexum est adversa-
riorum volumen per M. de L. et P. Penam.

fol. Antv. 1 576

' D. Doct. Martino Ramerio veteris amicitiae et perpetuae memoriae
ergo d. dedit Matth. de Lobel Insulanus.* On title.
Ditto — with Animadversiones in G. Rondeletii methodicam
pharmaceuticam officinam. fol. Lond. 1605

Balsami, opobalsami, carpobalsami et xylobalsami cum suo
cortice explanatio.
' 10 Marcij 1616 Adversa. 2^^ pars— 4^
12 Mar. 1 616 Adversar. pars — 4^ ■ 9^ 6'^'

17 Mar. 1616 the binedinge them together — V 6^
19 Kruydtboeck, oft beshrijuinghe van allerleye ghewassen,
kruyderen, hesteren ende gheboomten.

fol. Antv. Plantin. 1581

*3o Oct. 1623— 6^'
79 Plantarum seu Stirpium Icones. 2 vols.

Obi. 4. Antv. Plantin. 1581
Purchased by Gulielmus Mowntius (= William Mount) for 9^ on
May 20, 1582, and inscribed with numerous notes in his hand. The
binding bears his stamp 'W. M.'. It was acquired by Goodyer
before 1633, probably long before.

A few notes in another hand are extracts from W. Bullein's Bi^l-
ivarke of Defence agamst all Sicknesse, 1562.
78 Icones stirpium seu Plantarum tam exoticarum quam indi-
genarum. In 2 parts, with an index.

Obi. 4. Antv. Plantin. 1591
With full notes in Goodyer's hand, including transcripts of Mount's
notes in the 1581 edition (No. 79). On p. 647 Goodyer noted that
'Potatoes' = Batata Hispanorum, Camotes sive Amotes et Iguanes.
He acquired this volume before 1633.
72 Stirpium illustrationes, plurimas elaborantes inauditas plantas
subreptitiis Joh. Parkinsoni rapsodiis sparsim gravatae ; ejus-
dem adjecta sunt ad calcem Theatri botanici dfiaprrj/xaTa;
accurante Guil. How. 4. Lond. 1655

' Rec. 19 ffebruarij — 1654.'

LIBRARY

217

LoNiTZER, Adam.

14 Naturalis historiae opus novum ; 2 volL fol. Francof. 1551

*Joh. Gooche.'

15 Kreuterbuch. fol. Francof. 1557

Title missing.
*Rec. 16 Apr. 1654.'

16 Kreuterbuch der baume, stauden, hecken, krauter, etc. ; item

von den furnembsten gethieren der erden, vogeln, fischen
und gewiirm ; deszgleichen von metallen, ertze, edelge-
steinen ; corrigirt und verbessert durch Pet. Uffenbachium.

fol. Franc. 1630

'25 Maij 1655 in quires 12^ ) g ,
28 Junij 1655 the bindinge 3^4^f ^ '

LovELL, Robert.
115 A compleat history of animals and minerals. 8. Oxf. 1661
'21 March 1660—6^.'
[A compleat Herball.] Missing.

Probably replaced by the 2nd edit., 1665, pres. by Ernes.

LuLLY, Raymond.
Id Secreta secretorum in libros tres divisa. 12"^^. Colon. 1592

Lyte, Henry. See Dodoens.

Macer, Floridus.
no De herbarum viribus ; cum commentt. Guillermi Gueroaldi.

12. [Franc. 1540]

96 De herbarum viribus ; cum schol. G. Pictorii. 12. Basil. 1559

Manelphus, Joannes.
96 De helleboro disceptatio. 8. Rom. 1622

Maranta, Bartholomaeus.
85 Methodi cognoscendorum simplicium libri tres. 4. Ven. 1559

Marcgravius, Geo. de Liebstadt.
53 Tractatus topographicus et meteorologicis Brasiliae cum
eclipsi solari. fol. Lugd. 1648

With W«i Piso, Hist. Nat. Brasiliae.

Maronea, Nicolaus.
65 Commentarius in tractatus Dioscoridis et Plinii, de Amomo.

4. Basil. 1608

64 Descrittione dell' Amomo indiano; trad, dal Latino da
Francesco Pona. 4. Venet. 161 7

2l8

JOHN GOODYER

Matthiolus, Petrus Andreas.

32 Commentarii aucti in libros sex Pedacii Dioscorides de

materia medica, adjectis quam plurimis plantarum et
animalium imaginibus.
De ratione distillandi aquas. fol. Venet. 1 583

'1 Octob. 1632— 20S.'
Note on Sig. b. 2. " A harde kernel or impostumi in ye bodye."
At end (erased).' ... In yeare . . . lord 1624.

7*^ of June, be my munday
cost of this booke 4^ . . ,
two month after . . .
Susan Ironsmith.

31 Les Commentaires de M. Pierre Andr^ Matthioli, sur les
six livres des Simples de P. Dioscorides ; trad, de Latin
en Francoys. Edit. 2. ^ fol. Lyon 1566

'Rec. 30 Marcij 1654.'
Figs, crudely coloured.
137 Compendium de Plantis omnibus. With Calceolarius, F.

Iter Baldi montis. 8vo. Venet. 157 1

* 10 Octob. 1632—48.'

This volume was sold out of the Library about 1745 by the
Librarian T. W.[est], whose note to that effect is written below the
College book-plate on the back of the title. As these pages were in
process of being made up, the owner of the volume, Mr. Gilbert R.
Redgrave, spontaneously wrote to inform me that it was in his
possession. He has since generously restored it to the College to
be once again placed among Goodyer's book's, after an absence of
a century and three-quarters.

33 Opera quae extant omnia, ed. Caspar Bauhino. fol. Basil. 1598

* 31 Januarij 1615 — 20^.*

Goodyer's marginal references throughout, and notes on end papers.
Defensio : see Hessus.
38 Kreutterbuch verfertigt durch Joach. Camerarium.

fol. Franc. 1590

Figures coloured.

* Aprill ye 4*^ 1655.
Sold then to Dr. How this Mathiolus in Dutch and colored for w*^**
I have twentie five shillings per me William Wells at the Princes
Armes in Little Brittaine Bookseller.

William Wells.
Aloyis: Mundillu: 8<^: 0:1:6
Fragosa in Span: 0:0:6
Camerarius in marantham 0:1:0
Ye Camer: wanting the title and Fragosa the last page in ye
Index, if they displease, you may returne per next.'
58 Epitome utilissima de plantis . . . aucta ... a Joach. Came-
rario. 4. Franc. 1586

Perhaps Goodyer's first botany book. The marginal headings
and English names may have been added by him as a boy-

LIBRARY

219

MizALDUS, Ant.

Historia hortensium quatuor opusculis contexta ; i. Hortorum
curam ornatum et sccreta ostendit ; ii. insitionum artes
proponit ; iii. auxiliares et mcdicas hortensium utilitates
percurrit ; iv. medicamentorum hortensium olerum, radi-
cum et artificia explicat.
104 J Opuscukim de sena.

De hominis symmetria, proportione, et commensuratione.
An caseus edendo sit salubris. 12. Col. Agr. 1576

Alexikepus seu auxiliaris et hortus medicus.
Artificiosa methodus comparandorum hortensium fructuum,
etc. 12. Col. 1579

In binding are two copies of the * Order ' described under Gesner
93, which must have been bound at the same time as this volume,
which also contains a Churchwarden's Receipt for maimed soldiers.

MONARDUS, NiCOLAUS.

128 De simplicibus medicamentis ex occidentali India delatis,
quorum in medicina usus est, interpr. Car. Clusio.

8. Antv. 1574

126 Joyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde, wherein is
declared the rare and singular vertues of diuerse and sundrie
hearbes, trees, oyles etc. Englished by lohn Frampton.

4. Lond. E Allde 1596

* Jo: Gaeoodier ' on title.

With a MS. index of fruits, &c.

I De lapide Bezaar et herba Scorzonera.
[ De ferro dialogus.

at end of Clusius,
Exotica, q.v.

MONTANUS, PETRUS.

J 10 De Morborum generibus, ex satyra imprecatoria. At end
of Columella de cultu hortorum, q.v. 12°'°. n. d.

MOSCARDO, LODOVICO.

27 Note overo memorie del museo di Ludovico Moscardo.

fol. Padoa 1656

* 15 Julij 1657— iqs.'

MuFFET, Thomas.
133 Health's improvement ; or rules comprizing and discovering
the nature, method and manner of preparing all sorts of
food used in this nation ; enlarged by Christopher Bennett.

4. Lond. 1655.

' 10 May 1655—38 6^.'

'John Mouffetts elder brother of Aldham hall in Essex.'

220

JOHN GOODYER

Mulberry Trees.
92 Instructions for the increasing of Mulberie-trees, and the
breeding of Silke-wormes, for the making of Silke in this
kingdome ; Whereunto is annexed his Majesties letters to
the Lords Liefetenants of the seuerall Shieres of England
tending to that purpose. 4. Lond. 1609

MuSA. See Brasavolus.

Myrepsus, Nicolaus, Propositus. 4. Lugd. 1512

73 Dispensatorium ad aromatorios.
' 20 Maij 1639 — 23.'

On title * Richard Hamon de London ge Will'" Bosone sc psn *
'maste Hamond prey Hyll mr. chr.'
Gerrad's Herball. Henry Jones, price iiijs.

Jos. Quercitanus. [Author of Diaeteticon, Paris, 1606.]

Oratio Salamonis fol xl. W™ Bofn ' (?= Bosum = Bossom).

Neander, Johann.
67 Tobacologia. 8. Lugd. 1626

Richard Downes 1658.'

' II Mar. 1658 Liber Johis Goodyer ex dono D. Rici Downes.'
' Si fa zara su'l Dado Henry Blount.'
'Liber Rici: Downes ; ex dono D. Henrici Blount.'
A Richard Downes was Vicar of East Meon and Steep in 168 1.

NiCANDER.

4 Theriaca. fol. Ven. 1499

Bound with DiOSCORIDES, 1499, q.v.

Odonus, Caesar.
85 Theophrasti sparse de plantis sententiae in continuatam
seriem ad propria capita revocatae, nominaque secundum
literarum ordinem disposita. 4. Bonon. 1561

' vide Vanderlinden p. 108.' G.

Olhafius, Nicolaus.
92 Elenchus plantarum circa nobile Borussorum Dantiscum sua
sponte nascentium. 4. Dantisci 1643

[Paaw, Petrus. [8 Lugd. 1601]

Hortus publicus Academiae Lugduno-Batavae. Missing,

[Parey, Ambrose. Chirurgery.]

This work was bequeathed by Goodyer to John Westbrook, a
witness to his will.

Parkinson, John.
22 Paradisi in sole paradisus terrestris ; or a choice garden of
all sorts of pleasant flowers. fol. Lond. 1629

With notes for the Theatrum, 1640.

LIBRARY

221

51 Theatrum botanicum, the theater of plantes; or, an universall
and compleate herball. fol. Lond. 1640

inquires 36M
The bindinge 3« f '

In many places, Goodyer has indicated the species described by
numbers in the margin, and has marked with a ' those which the
author claims as ' not having been remembered by any other (author)
before '. The chapter on The Elme (p. 1403) is marked ' JG
probably to note that it is based on a description by Goodyer, and
other passages in which the second edition of Gerard is quoted are
indicated by the marginal note ' 7y* for Thomas Johnson, the
'corrigider' as Parkinson styles him of Gerard.

There are a few notes in the hand which we have referred to
Dr. J. Dale.

At end is part of an account, dated 1572, relating to public preachers
attached to the parish of S. Martin in Leicester. Among the names
mentioned are Thomas Furner, a benefactor ; the mayors Richard
Davy, Richard Darker, John Eyrick (a kinsman of Herrick, the poet) ;
the preachers Th. Sparke, Fellow, and L. Humphrey, President of
Magdalen, and T. Sampson, Dean of Christ Church.

Passe, Crispian de. [Obi. 4. Utrecht 1615

81 Hortus Floridus, or A Garden of Flowers. In two parts.

' 10 Novemb. 1627 10/- Johes. Goodyer.' Figures numbered by G.

Payne, John.

80 Flowers, Fruicts, Beastes, Birds and Flies exactly drawne.
With their true colours lively described. [28 plates.]
Sold by Compton Halland over against the Exchange.

Obi. 4. \^c, 1620]

Pemell, Rob.

131 A treatise of the nature and qualities of such simples as are
most frequently used in medicines. 4. Lond. 1652

* 15 July 1652 — 3^ 6'^.' * Cambogia. Kap. 35. Yealowe Jaundice.'
The second part of the treatise on Simples. 4. Lond. 1653
92 A treatise of the diseases of children. 4. Lond. 1653

Philoponus, Joannes, Grammaticus.
3 Commentaria in Aristotelis libros de anima. fol. Ven. 1535
PiCTORIUS, GeORGIUS.
96 Scholia to ^milius Macer de herbarum viribus.

Carmen de quadam herba exotica cuius nomen mulier est
amara. 12. Basil. 1559

PiLLETERIUS, CASPAR.
114 Plantarum tum patriarum tum exoticarum in Walachria,
Zeelandiae insula, nascentium synonymia. 12. Mid. 1610
PiSO, GuL.

53 De Medicina Brasiliensi. ' iH 2^: fol. Lugd. 1648

222

JOHN GOODYER

Plat, Hugh.

134 Floraes Paradise. 12. Lond. 1608

* 13 Nov. 1632— 6<i.'

Platearius.

73 De simplici medicina. 4. Lugd. 151a

PONA, Jo.

39 Plantae seu simplicia, ut vocant, in Baldo monte, et in via
ab Verona ad Baldum reperiuntur. fol. Ant. 1601

With Clusius, Rarwrum, 1601.
65 edit, secunda. 4. Basil. i5o8

With notes to Pznax, pp. 87, 89.

Part of deed dated 1608 bearing name * Sutton' in binding.
64 Monte Baldo descritto da Giov. Pona, trad, dal Latino per
Fr. Pona. 4. Ven. 161 7

' 18 April 1629 — 9^' Notes and references to Pinax.

Porta, Jo. Baptista.
130 Phytognomonica, octo libris contenta. 8. Franc. 1608

'J. L. GiIbou[rne].'

60 Villae. 4. Franc. 1592

* Pret vj^' Notes, but not by G.

Propositi Dispensarium, se^ Myrepsus.
Ray, John.

98 Catalogus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium. 1657
Index Plantarum agri Cantabrigiensis. 12. Cant. 1660

Appendix ad Catalogum Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam
nascentium. 12. Cant. 1662

* 10 May 1660 — 29 6^:

'written (Mr. John Nid, who is dead
by 1 Mr. John Wray of Trinitie Colledge in Cambridge.

* Receaved this instruction of Mr. John Mapletoft, tutor to the
Earle of Northumberlans son and of Mr. John Snagge an Apothecarie
of Petworth 23 July 1659.

Mr. John Nid
Mr. John Wray
Mr. Thomas Pockley
Francis Willuby Esq.
Mr. Peter Curthop
All of Trinitie Colledge in Cambridge.

Francis Willughby Esq. of Midleton neare Coleshill in Warwick-
shire, S^ Francis Willughby's son.

Mr. Peter Courthop of Danny in Sussex on this side Lewes.

Mr. Tho. Thornton, parson of Sutton ats Sulton in Sussex in
Arundel Rape, borne at Bentham in Yorkshire, 2 miles from
Yngleborowe hill, 15 Apr. 1663 promised Cloudberry.'

LIBRARY

<>..^op ^T!iaKny mg^^

10 .^^o ^Qu^^^

Goodyer's Notes in No. 98.

224

JOHN GOODYER

Renealmus, Paulus.

(specimen historiae plantarum cum iconibus. 4. Par. 161 1
Crambe, viola, lilium a J. A. Thuano versibus illustrata a
P. Renealmo edita. 4. Par. 161 1

'II Augustj 1653 — 6^.'

' Dr. William Howe bought him of Mr. Allestre in Pauls
Churchyard.'

RuAEUS, Laurentius.
6 Hippiatria sive Marescalia. fol. Paris 1531

With MS. notes in an early hand on pp. 136, 139 and at end.

An early prescription on the first of 12 blank pp. at end.
*ffor the bargett

R. ffengreke black ornamet. long pep : annyse seed. rew. ros-
mary. sage, sethe al y^® to gether w*^ vergys. & iij or iiij heads of
garlek & put it to y« herbs & when al the herbes ar sodyn then
put to y® juse of ye same for every oon ij eggs shells & all. When
ye have geven y® best drynk, dryve hym up & down half a q*'^' of an
hour & put to evy dryk of a cowe an handful of salt & aft®^' ye best
have drnk rub y® tiig w^^ salt.'

At end, old prescriptions ' For a hors that ys seke '. ' Pro tussi
equine ' A soveren medicyn for achys, brokynes or swellyngs callyd
y® . . . oyntment ... It must be made in Maye or between y®
Lady days '.

RUBEUS, HiERONYMUS.
89 Disputatio de melonibus ; acc. responsum medicinale pro
asthmate cardinalis Bonifacii, auctore Vincentio Alsario
a Cruce. 4- Venet. 1607

RuELLius, Joannes.
34 De natura stirpium libri tres, fol. Basil. 1537

' H. Spes no cofudit. W.
Jy siletio et spe.'

With old notes in hand of H. W. (?) on pp. 342, 630. A similar
inscription is written in a copy of Aristotle, Hist. Anmialimn^ and
Theophrastus, de Plantis^ioX. Basil 1534, in the library of the Oxford
Botanic Garden. This copy afterwards passed to * Robt. Leedes
'N. Johnson', and Sherard.

RUEUS, Franciscus.
129 De Gemmis, 1652. Vallesius.

Ryff, Gualterus H.
102 De memoria artificiali quam memorativam artem vocant ;

item de naturali memoria quomodo medicinae beneficio
excitanda, augenda, et confirmanda, etc. 8. s. 1. 1541

Scaliger, Julius C.
JOG In libros duos, qui inscribuntur de Plantis, Aristotele
authore. 12. Marpurg. 1598

LIBRARY

225

SCHWENCKFELT, CASPAR.
90 Stirpium et fossilium Silesiae catalogus. 4. Lips. 1600

[Sharrock, R.

History of the propagation & improvement of vegetables,
by the concurrence of art and nature. Missing: 1666]

SORANUS.

6 In artem medendi isagoge; Oribasii fragmentum de victus
ratione ; C. Ph'nii Secundi de re medica libri quinque.

fol. Basil, in aed. And. Cratandri 1528

OSSesSOr) ^ fia-ayc^yr]

ous

j fLs in + aycoj duco

"^ho aycoyrj ductio.'

[Anthony Rous, armiger, co. Devon, matric. Broad gates Hall,
18 March i6o|.]

[SowERBY, Leonard.

The Ladies Dispensatory. Missing, 8 Lond. 165a]

Spigelius, Adrian.
go Isagoges in rem herbariam libri duo. 4. Patav. 1606

Sprecchis, Pompeius.
92 Antabsinthium Clavenae. 4. Ven. 16 11

* 18 May 1623 2 6) ,
Bindinge ij ^ ^'

Stengel, C.

Ill Hortorum, florum et arborum historia in duo tomos dis-
tributa. 8 Aug. Vind. 1650

' 14 Decemb. 1654 — 3V

Stephanus, Carolus.

De vasculis libellus, adulescentulorum causa ex Bayfio de-
' scriptus ; addita vulgari Latinaruni vocum interpretatione.
I Seminarium sive plantarum earum arborum quae post hortos
conseri solent.

103 / De revestiaria libellus ex Bayfio excerptus; addita vulgaris
linguae interpretatione ; secunda editio.
De re hortensi libellus, vulgaris herbarum, florum ac
fruticum qui in hortis contineri solent nomina Latinis
vocibus efferre docens. 8. Par. Rob. Stephanus. 1536

* Curtius ' on last page.

Stephanus, Robertus. [12. Lutet. 1545

95 De Latinis et Graecis nominibus arborum, etc., ex Aristotele.
On title ; ' Sum Henrici Harvey et amicorum
Quanto maior iminet nec
cit aut fac. tanto magis viget.'

226

JOHN GOODYER

Stephens, P., & Broune, Gul.
114 Catalogus horti botanici Oxoniensis. 12. Oxon. 1658

The second part of the Catalogue of the Trees & Plants of
the Physick Garden. 12. Oxford 1658

SwEERTius, Emanuel.
80 Florilegium amplissimum et selectissimum, quo non tantum
varia diversorum florum genera, sed et rarae quam-
plurimae Indicarum plantarum, et radicum formae, ad
vivum partibus duabus, quatuor etiam linguis, offeruntur
et delineantur. fol. Franc. 161 2

Tabernaemontanus, Jac. Theodorus.
46-47 Neuw kreuterbuch, mit schonen, klinstlichen und leblichen
figuren und conterfeyten, allerhand gewachs, blumen,
krauter, etc. 2 vols. fol. Frankof. 1625

* Rec^ this 6 of September 1655 of the right wor*^ Dr. How)
the summ of fifty foure shillinge in full for this bookej ^ ^4 o
I say Octavian Pulleyn.' With old deeds used as guards.

77 Eicones plantarum seu stirpium arborum nempe fructicum,
herbarum fructuum, lignorum . . . curante Nic. Bassaeo.

obi. 4. Francof. 1590
Annotated by Goodyer with modem names throughout, with cross
references to Lobel.

Thalius, Joannes.
89 Sylva Hercynia ; sive catalogus plantarum sponte nascentium
in montibus et locis vicinis Hercyniae, quae respicit
Saxoniam. 8. Francf. 1588

With refs. to Pinax.

Theophrastus, Eresius.

De historia plantarum, libri decem. \
De causis plantarum, libri sex \ fol. Ven. Aid. 1497

Metaphysica. J

Contemporary stamped leather Italian binding.
Chapters numbered by G., who probably used this copy for his
translation.

3 Opera omnia Gr. cum praefatione Joach. Camerarii.

fol. Basil. Operini 1541

' Sept^' September 1623 pr. 158 6'^:

End papers with account for timber and carpentr>', signed Thomas'
Herytage.

138 De historia plantarum. (With Aristotle.) 8. Lugd. 155^^
30 De historia plantarum, Gr. Lat. ex interpr. Theod. Gazae;
totum opus absolutissimis cum notis, tum commentariis,
item rariorum plantarum iconibus illustravit Jo. Budaeus

LIBRARY

227

a Stapel ; acc. Julii S. Scaligeri in eosdem libros animad-
versiones, et R. Constantini annotationes. fol. Amst. 1644

* 15*0 Julij 1657—308.'
104 De suffruticibus, herbisque ac frugibus libri quatuor, Theod.

Gaza interprete. 8, Argent. Sybold, s. a.

[With Mizaldus.']

Pagination added.

Thevet, Andre.
61 Les singularitez de la France antarctique autrement nommee
Amerique ; et de plusieurs terres et isles decouvertes de
nostre temps. 4. Par. 1558

' Novemb. 14 1631 — 12^'

' . . . anguinea vitae.' On title three names of former owners erased.

Thurneisser, Leonhardus.
37 Historia, sive descriptio plantarum onnnium, tarn domestica-
rum quam exoticarum, earundem virtutes et icones pro-
ponens ; atque una his partium omnium corporis humani,
ut externarum ita internarum, picturas, etc., complectens.

fol. Berlini. 1578

^ Vixi satis si Christe sat vixi tibi
JB ex dono CB consang.'

Evidently a gift from Caspar to his brother John Bauhin.

In binding is a folio Proclamation dated 24 May 1648 printed by
Cotes, London. And used as a guard is part of a letter ending
' millitia ' and endorsed ' Castle baynard the name of one of the
Wards of the City of London, to the south of St. Paul's Cathedral.

Tradescant, John.
134 Plantarum in horto Johannem Tradescanti nascentium cata-
logus. 8. s. 1. 1634

A unique copy. See p. 334.

Tragus, Hieronymus.
127 De stirpium, maxime earum, quae in Germania nostra
nascuntur, usitatis nomenclaturis propriisque dififerentiis,
etc., commentariorum libri tres, ex ling. Germ, in Lat.
conversi D. Kybero interprete. 4. Argent. 1552

With G.'s references to plants, cf. p. 73.

(Krautterbuch . . . verbessert durch Melchiorem Sebizium.
Teutsche Speisskammer. fol. Strasburg 1630

Treveris, Peter.
The grete herball.

4. Lond. in Southwarke by Peter Treveris 1526
The great herball newly corrected.

4. Lond. in aed. Tho. Gybson 1.532

Q 2

22S

JOHN GOODYER

Troxiten.

20 Horn des heyls menschlicher blodigkeit ; oder Kreutterbuch,
darinn die Krauter des Teudschenlands, ausz dem liecht
der natur, . . . beshriben durch Philomusum anonymum ;
nachmals durch doctorem Troxiten in truck geben.

'2S May i655-8«.' ^ol. Strasb. 1595

Turner, William.
13 The first and second partes of the herbal of William Turner,
lately oversene corrected and enlarged with the thirde
parte lately gathered and nowe set oute with the names
of the herbes, in Greke, Latin, English, Duche, Frenche,
and in the apothecaries and herbaries Latin.

fol. Collen, by Arnold Birckman, 1568
With a MS. index and notes by Goodyer.
A booke of the natures and properties, as well of the
bathes in England as of other bathes in Germanye, and
Italye. fol. Collen, by Arnold Birckman, 1568

* To Mr. O. Bilson from E. Gray heboriste.'

Valla, Georgius.
134 De simplicium natura liber unus. 8. Argentinae 1528

Vallesius, Franciscus.
1 29 De sacra philosophia, sive de iis, quae in libris sacris physice
scripta sunt; liber singularis. 6th edit. 8. Lugd. 1652
With Lemnius, de Plantis sacris, and Rueus, de Gemmis.
End papers are part of a printed Proclamation of the House of
Commons concerning spirits who steal children, dated 1661, printed
by Rich. Hodgkinson living in Thames Street over against Baynards
Castle 1 66 1.

Veslingius, Joannes.
85 Paraeneses ad rem herbariam. p. 85.

De plantis Aegyptiis observationes et notae ad Prosp.
Alpinum ; cum additamento aliarum ejusdem regionis.

4. Patav. 1638
Opobalsami veteribus cogniti vindiciae. p. 217.
With Prosp. Alpinus, de plantis Aegyptis, q. v.

ViGNA, DOMINICUS.
66 Animadversiones sive observationes in libros de historia, et
de causis plantarum Theophrasti ; addita fuit tabula
studio et opera Andreae Checcaccii. 4. Pisis. 1625

*I9 April 1655— iS'i.'
19 Apr. 1655 unbound— I" 6'^ | ,
28 Junij 1655 the bindinge — 2^f

LIBRARY

229

WoLPHius, Caspar.
101 De stirpium collectione tabulae. 12. Tiguri 1587

WORMIUS, Olaus.
54 Museum Wormianum. fol. Lugd. 1655

Two of the titles in the old list have hitherto proved untraceable. They are
*Anatomia Sambuci' and 'Alb. Montani Isagoge Physico-magico-medica

The Goodyer Manuscripts.

MS. 1-6. Goodyer, J., and Heath, J. Translation of DIOSCORIDES
into English with interlinear Greek text. 4,540 pages
4to, bound in six vols., dated 1653-5.
See p. 85.

MS. 6^. Goodyer, J., and Heath, J. Translation of Saracen,
Scholia on Dioscorides, into English. 300 pp. folio.
MS. ends abruptly on p. 292 with a note, * Joh. Heath clericus
obiit 25 Nov. 1656'. See p. 89.

MS. 7. Goodyer, J. Translation of Theophrastus, Trept (pvTcov,
into English. 494 pages, interleaved, one vol., sm. folio,
dated 1623.

De Plantis, pp. 1-238. De Causis Plantarum, pp. 239-494.
In the binding is part of a deed: 'Witherdon de Stone' in
Kent and ' Joh. Sharpe ' are mentioned. See p. 50.

MS. 8. [? Dale, J.] i. Descriptions of English Grasses. 80 pp.
folio.

Not in Goodyer's hand, but enlarged with additions by him.
Reasons for referring these MSS. to John Dale are given on
p. 296.

ii. Descriptions of Plants headed ' Ex manuscriptis Turn.
Annexis Lobelii Observationibus '. 30 pp. folio, dated
Jan. 22, 1651.

In the same handwriting as No. i. The date of Lobel's work
was about 1576.

iii. Goodyer, J. Index to Plants described in his copy of
C. Clusius, Rariorum Plantarum Historia and other
works bound up therewith. 20 pp. folio.

MS. 9. [? Dale, J.] i. Index of British Plants, c, \6^o-i6^6.

The work, written on about 250 leaves folio, is based on
C. Bauhin's Pinax Theatri Botanici^ 1 623, which Goodyer
acquired before 30 Nov. 1623. The handwriting is that of the
author of MS. 8. i and ii.

230

JOHN GOODYER

References are given to the following works : Bauhin, Pinax^
1623 ; [Lobel], Plantarujn seu stirpiujn icones, 1581 ; hones
Siirpium, 1591 ; Gerard, Herball, 1 597; Johnson's Gerard, 1633 ;
Parkinson, Theatrum, 1640; Y\.o\v, Phytologia, 1650; Johnson,
Mercurius Bota?iicus, 1634.

The entries from the last book have been marked with yellow
paint by Goodyer, who made a few additions to the two last
pages and to Pin. 81, 131, 155, 265, 288, the two last being dated
19 July 1656. The following extracts illustrate the author's
style and notes :
Rapunculus folio oblongo spica orbiculari. (Pin. 92.)

= Merc. 64 Rapuntium corniculatum montanum, Col.

' D^'' Goodyeerius semper suspicabatur haec duo novissime
proposita non ipse nisi ejusdem plantae, ratione soli vel Arigo-
sioris vel laeti, variantis diversa nomina.'

Melmnpyrum latifoluim. (Pin. 234.)

* Mali coniunxit emaculator Sideritium pratensem luteum
Lugd. et Crataeogonon, Lob. quae sunt diversae Plantae.
Sideritis pratensis lutea Lugd. non habetur apud Lobelium.
Inquirendum an Sideritis lutea Mri. Stonehouse ad hanc
Sideritem possit referri.'

Blattaria alba. (Pin. 241.)

* Hue etiam referimus Blattariam fl. viridi et Blattariam fl.
albo flavescente, indignus quae novam speciem facerat.'

ii. List of 153 British Plants. ' Plantae ad Methodum
Pinacis reducendae quibus Botanographi nostratis ortum
tribuere Britannicum.' Dated the last day of April 1659.
By John Dale?

The list is in the same hand as the Index, and like it has been
annotated by Goodyer, who was evidently in correspondence
with the writer, e.g. after No. '8. Gramen Parnassi ' Goodyer
adds, ' This you have putt into the draught of your Catalogue

MS. 10. Hortus siccus.

Among the MSS. received by Magdalen College from Goodyer
were two Herbaria, listed as ' Hortus hyemalis fol.' and ' Hortus
hyemalis minor fol.'. The former is missing, but the latter may
be represented by this small herbarium of 10 leaves folio.

It contained a small collection of Mosses and Ferns, made
c. 1620 and mounted on the leaves of a MS. Botanical Glossary,
English-Latin, beginning with ' Anise seade Anisum ' and ending
' Yerrowe Nose bleede. Stratiotes millefolia. Militaris Mille-
folium '.

All the dried plants have been removed, but the following
names on paper straps are legible :

f. 3. Lichen arborum. Lichen cinereus. Muscus peltatus.
Muscus pyxidatus. [ ] sylvestris, 3 Jul. 1620.

4. Phillitis digitata. Ceterach.

5. Filix palustris.

6. Polypodium.

7. Filix spinosa. Chamaefilix marina anglica.

MANUSCRIPTS 231

MS. II. Goodyer's Miscellaneous Papers.

The more important of these are published or referred to in
this volume as MS. 11, f. — , or more briefly as MS. f. — , with
the leaf number but without the number of the manuscript.

MS. 12. LOBEL. Stirpium Illustrationes ; plurimas elaborantes
inauditas plantas subreptitiis Joh: Parkinsoni rapsodifs
(ex codice MS. insalutato) sparsim gravatae : edited by
W"^ How. 37 leaves folio.

The original MS. from which the work was printed in 1655.
Seep. 252.

MS. 13-15- LOBEL. Stirpium Illustrationes.

An unpublished work in preparation about 161 2. About
835 plants are described. See p. 253.

MS. 16. GoODYER,J. Index to Gerard's Herbal (1597). Sm. 8vo.
With localities of British Plants.

MS. 17. [Stonehouse, W.] Catalogus Plantarum Horti mei
Darfeldiae. Anno 1640. With plan i2mo.
See p. 348.

MS. 18. How, W. Additional Notes to his Phytologia Britawiica
16^0. Written 1650-1656. See p. 276.

An interleaved copy with many corrections, notes, and MS.
lists of plants by the author who died 30 Aug. 1656. Goodyer,
according to a note inside the cover, received the book on
30 Apr. 1659, and then added marginal references throughout
and notes on six plants printed on p. 194.

On the inside of the cover is a receipt dated July 29 and
unsigned, probably written after 1659, when the book was in
Goodyer's possession. * Rec. of Mr. Goodier ten pounds for
Mr. Bold's use.' The Mr. Bold was probably Arch. Bold, one of
the witnesses to Goodyer's will.

The notes in How's handwriting are partly his own, and partly
from information received from Goodyer, Hunnibon, and William
Browne of Magdalen College. Their source is acknowledged
both where they occur and generally on the front page. ' Gaine
I was for Goodyers Plants and des. y® like for Brownes, Lobells
[and Pennyes MS. w^^ review for names etc.] ' (struck out).
Inserted are 7 coloured and 3 uncoloured drawings of plants.

Passages from this volume have been frequently quoted by
Druce, but we have not found any evidence for his statement
that * on the death of Goodyer the book probably came into the
possession of W" Browne '} It would have passed into the
possession of the College direct, with the rest of Goodyer's
library in 1664.

Druce, Flo^a Berks., p. ciii.

232

JOHN GOODYER

MS. 19. Johnson, T., and How, W. Additions to T. Johnson's
Descriptio Itineris Plantartim investigationis in agrum
Cantianum A. D. 1632.

Formerly in the possession of W. How, and previously Johnson's own
copy. See p. 276.

Additions in T. Johnson's handwriting :

On p. 3, 1. 10 'Alga membranacea ' has been struck out.
On p. 6 to the list of plants obtained in the Isle of Thanet, Absinthium
vulgare has been added. On p. 9 * Sarxifranga, Dod.' has been
added after * Serpillum ' in 1. 3. On p. 37, to the Flora of Hampstead
Heath are added

' Coronopus Ruellii, Cornu Cervi alt. vulg.
* Scabiosa minor sive ovina, Dod. Cam., media. Lob.
' Scabiosa media serrato angustifolio, flore Globularia. Adv., Ra-
puntium alterum leptophyllum capitatum. Col.*
At back of plate is a note of ' Trifolium pumilum . . . White dwarfe
Trefoile

All these are printed in the Fhytologia.

Eighteen leaves are bound in at the end.
ff. I and 2. Blank.

ff. 3-6. Index to genera mentioned, including the MS. additions.

In Johnson's hand with additions by How.
f. 6 V. Notes by How.

ff. 7-1 1. Alphabetical list of about 190 species of English plants

not included in Johnson's lists. In How's hand,
ff. 12-17. Blank,
ff. 1 7 v., 1 8. Notes by How.

This little volume has the great sentimental interest of being the germ
from which all British Floras are descended. The first index comprises
all the plants mentioned in Johnson's book, and is written, I believe, by
the author himself. The second list contains names of English plants,
including those quoted by How as derived from ' Dr. lohnfons. M/,\ in
How's hand, with additions by him at a later date. Unfortunately these
plants are not localized. How's rough notes on the last two pages are
evidently memoranda used when preparing the Fhytologia^ our first
British Flora.

If my interpretation of the handwritings be correct, this volume would
probably have passed from Johnson (d. 1644) to How, who would have
used it in the compilation of the Fhytologia (1650), and after How's
death in 1656 it would have passed to Goodyer, perhaps with How's copy
of the Fhytologia^ in 1659.

NOTES ON CONTEMPORARY BOTANISTS

MOSTLY FROM GoODYER's BoOKS AND PaPERS

In the England of John Goodyer, the stream of Botanical
learning was flowing along a very small channel. So small was it,
that viewed from the present time after the lapse of three hundred
years, the water appears confined to a few isolated pools and back-
waters with no certain channel between them. The number of true
men of science, as opposed to herbalists, could be counted on the
fingers of one hand, and the untimely death or defection of any
one of them might have put back the progress of botany for
a century.

The following notes on Goodyer's friends or contemporaries
were gleaned from, or suggested by, the study of his own manu-
scripts. By their publication we may perchance bring to light an
occasional fact which reveals the course of the stream of botanical
learning.

The names of previous owners of his books have been listed :
his manuscripts suggest material for more extended notes on some
of the following botanists, the others emerged during our research :
they are not to be found in the Biographical Index of British
Botanists, The identification of the handwritings of some of them
was by no means an easy matter : two are still doubtful.

i. Thomas Penny, ^. 1530-1589.

ii. The 1570 Botanist of Oxford and Winchester.

iii. Richard Garth, ^. 1597.

iv, V. William and Sir John Salusbury, 1567-1613.

vi. M. Lobel, 1 538-1616 and How.

vii. Wm. Mount, 1545-1602.

viii. Richard Shanne, 1561-1627.
ix. John Parkinson, 1567-1650.

X. Walter Stonehouse, 1597-1655.

xi. Thomas Johnson, c, i 600-1 644.

xii. William How, i 619-1656.

xiii. John Dale, d, 1662.

xiv. William Browne, 1629-1678.

234

PENNY

i. Thomas Penny, c. 1530-89.

Thomas Penny, M.D., of Trinity College, Cambridge, B.A. 1551,
F.R.C.P. 1582, contributed to a natural history of Insects, which,
begun by Edward Wotton and amplified with extracts from
Conrad Gesner, was finally completed by Thomas Muffett of
Oxford. MufTett died in 1604, leaving the book in manuscript.
It was eventually published in 1634 by Sir Theodore de Mayerne.

Penny's botanical reputation has been rescued ' from an almost
total obscurity ' by Pulteney, who points him out as * A second
Dioscorides, for his singular knowledge in plants '. He had resided
in Switzerland and had visited the island of Majorca. He was
personally acquainted with Gesner, Camerarius, and Clusius. From
Majorca he brought Geranium tuberosum , Swertia perennis, and
Hypericum balearicum, which Clusius named ' Myrtocistus Pennaei '
in his honour.^ Clusius ^ in 1583 thanked him for a drawing of
Cnicus heterophyllus Roth., sent in 1581, and noted ^ his discovery
of Cornus suecica L. in the Cheviots. We have Mount's statement
that he grew Acorus Calamus in his London garden before 1582,
Penny communicated the following plants to Camerarius, who
describes him as a leading London Physician ' rerum naturalium
peritissimus, amicus meus singularis '. Hort. med. 1588, p. 36.

Caryophyllata vulgaris or C. altera alpina with white flowers. Monte Lupo
in France. Geum reptans- L.

Lactuca sylvestris * odore prorsus Opii Lactuca virosa L.
Matricaria tertia fl. pi. in Anglia frequens. Matricaria partheniuin L.

Rhodia radix. Ingleborrow. Sedum Rhodiola DC.

And Lobel, Adv, 367, associates ' Myrrhis altera ' {Myrrhis odorata
Scop.) with him.

The mention of the name of Penny by How at a date subsequent
to 1650 in an erased passage quoted on p. 280 is of importance,
because it may throw new light on his botanical MSS. Pulteney's
account of the matter is that ' Dr. Penny died in 1589, and is said
by Jungerman to have left his papers to Moufet and Turner ; but,
in this account, there is surely a very striking anachronism since
Turner himself died in the year 1568*. It is clear, therefore, that
Penny's zoological MS. on Insects went to Muffett, and that his
botanical MSS. could not have gone to WiLLlAM, but to some other
Turner. As a possibility, a man who would have valued them
would have been the well-known astrological botanist, ROBERT

' Ger. emac. 434, 946, 1279. ^ Stirp. Pannon. Hist. 1583.

' Rar. Plant. Hist. i. 59, 1601.

ROBERT TURNER

235

Turner,^ whom we have suggested as identical with the ' Turn.'
owner of the Lobel MS. mentioned below. Robert lived at
Holdshot in the north-east corner of Hampshire : ' Turn.' was in
correspondence with Goodyer and Dale(?), either of whom might
have shown his MS. to How, without however giving permission
for publication by the latter.

ii. The 1570 Botanist of Oxford and Winchester.
[?Dr. Walter Bayley, 1529-92.]

On looking through some of the older books in the Botanical
Department of the British Museum I was rewarded by finding
twenty-nine plant records, some dated 1570-2, in the hand of an
unknown botanist, who appears to have lived at Oxford and
Winchester. In accordance with a practice very usual in those
days, he wrote English names of plants in the margins of his Latin
botany book, Du Pinet, Historia Planiartim, Lugd. 1 561, and in
a few instances added the names of persons and localities. The
names are Watson, Jeames, Barnabye, Norton, Strowde, Heiden,
Basket, and Crosse. The localities are mostly the several gardens
of these persons ; and a few places, all near Winchester, are noted as
stations of common Hampshire plants.

When the preceding clause was already in type, I happened
to see an autograph inscription in a precious little volume by
Dr. Walter Bayley of New College,^ printed privately and issued
anonymously as a New Year's gift to a friend. The writing at
once caught my eye on account of its resemblance to the writing
of our unknown botanist. Both writings are in the style of the
period ; and without further specimens of each, it is impossible
to be certain of identity, but Dr. Bayley was certainly the kind of
man who might have entered botanical memoranda in a Die Pinet.

Walter Bayley was educated at Winchester and New College,
becoming a Fellow there in 1550. When Junior Proctor, he
demanded the degree of Bachelor of Physic, and supplicated for
leave to practise medicine ' per totam Angliam He was Queen's
Professor of Medicine at Oxford from 1561 to 1582. In 1581 he
was appointed Physician in Ordinary to Queen Elizabeth.

The Dti Pinet, 1561, would therefore have been the newest

botany book out at the time of his becoming Professor, and the

marginal notes would have been written about the middle of his

^ A Robert Turner was born at Reading at h. 9.48 a.m. on 30 July 1626 {MS.
Ashm. 183).

The property of Sir D'Arcy Power : see his Dr. Walte?' Bayley, Med. Chir.
Trans, xc.

lofi BAYLEY

tenure of the chair. Besides those printed below, one other entry
may be mentioned. Under * Piper indicum 'p. 12 is noted * a kynd
of pepper groweing in India: husked'. It may only have been
a coincidence, but Bayley happened to have been greatly interested
in Peppers, for some years later he printed, for distribution among
his friends, A short Discourse of the Three Kindes of Peppers in
common use and certain Medicines made of the same, tending to the
preservation of health, 1588. The discourse contains one personal
note which bears on the author's movements : * I have often scene
at Poole at Dorsetshire and also in London, the whole clusters of
pepper preserved in brine and in salt It is unnecessary to point
out that an old Wykehamist journeying from Oxford to Poole
would naturally break the journey at Winchester.

If we accept the dates 1570-2 and the identifications of the
species, these brief notes are among the earliest known evidences
for the occurrence of eight species of plants in Hampshire, two of
which are the first localized notices for Britain.

Halimus or Atriplex marinus, p. 62. Atriplex littoralis L.

* Upon hable bankes in great quantitie.'

[The river H amble is not far from the locality where Lobel noted the plant.
His, the first printed record, dates from 1655.]
Conyza media, Du Pinet^ p. 390. Pulicaria dysenterica Gray.

* In diches evrywhere about Winchester.'

Sium, p. 171. Nasturtiuin officinale R. Br.

' In ye dych towards Nortons.'
Clematis altera Dioscorides, p. 442. Clematis vitalba L.

'White vyne. In every hedge about Winchester.'
Thlaspi. Thlaspi arvense L.

' In Mr. Strowdes garden and medoe, 1572.'
Eupatorium Avicennae, p. 476. Eupatoriuiti cannabinum L.

' In ye dyche toward blak Bridge.' ^
Tithymalus masculus, p. 605. Euphorbia ainygdaloides L.

'In cops by Cathe of ij sorts.' ^
Personata altera, p. 559. Petasites vulgaris Desf.

' Close by the river sydes.'
Cynocrambe, p. 635. Mercurialis perennis L.

* Oxon.'

[An evidence more than 200 years earlier than the first record in the County

Flora?^

For the notices of garden plants see p. 304. ,

^ My friend Mr. H. Salter tells me that Black Bridge over the Itchen is near
the west end of the Warden's Garden, and suggests that ' Cathe ' may be an
abbreviation for St. Catherine's Hill.

GARTH

237

iii. Richard Garth, d. 1597.

Richard Garth was an accomplished botanist whose contribu-
tions to science are better remembered in the works of Clusius and
other foreign botanists than in his own country. He was the son
of Edward Garth, one of the six Clerks in Chancery, and owned
a property at Morden in Surrey in 1564. Between 1581 and 1591
his relations with Brazil enabled him to bring several of the plants
of that country, including the * Papyrifera arbor', the 'Juni-pap-
peeywa Brasiliorum ', the ' Phaseolus Brasiliorum ', and some exotic *
fruits to the notice of Clusius, who described them in his Libri
Exoticortim in 1605. In return Clusius gave him a Solomon's
Seal, a root of which he Wery lovingly imparted' to Gerard, who
not unnaturally described him as * a worshippfuU Gentleman, and
one that greatly delighteth in strange plants' (Ger. 757). So far
as the English flora is concerned his name should be associated
with the Great Tooth wort (Lathraea squamaria L.) which grew on
his land at Groutes, not far from Croydon.^

In 1592 Garth purchased the manor of Drayton from Robert,
Earl of Sussex. He died in 1597, having married, firstly, Elizabeth
Dixon - and secondly Jane da. of . . . Busher, co. Line, who sur-
vived him, living at Drayton Manor facing Haylinge Island, two
miles from Portsmouth. After his death, Lobel appears to have
yisited her garden there, and to have found ' Alopecuros altera
maxima Anglica paludosa sive Gramen Alopecuroides maxima ' ^
and a variety of Bindweed, ' Helxine cissampelos alt.',* growing wild
near the house. She seems to have refreshed him with Metheglin
of her own brewing, and to have given him her recipe for it, which
he printed (Advers. alt.^ 1605, p. 473).

Lobel speaks of Garth as Senior Clerk in Chancery Diplomatica
Curia an office to which he had probably succeeded by inheritance,
and as most learned in the natural history of Indian as well as of
our native English plants. Hugh Morgan, James Garret, the
communicator of the vegetable discoveries of his brother Peter
and of those who accompanied Sir ' Walterus Raulaeus ' to Guiana,

^ Ger. emac. 1585. In the author's copy of this work there is on p. 762 an
old MS. note relating to the Greatest Wolfe-bane, now Doroniaun Pardalian-
ches L. ' This growes wild in the Orchard of a house called Grouts in the
parish of Mordon in Surry lately belonging to Mr. Garth, Lord of that Mannour.
It floures in Aprill.'

^ The Heralds Visitation of London mentions a Richard Garth of Moorden,
CO. Surrey, who m. Dorothy Style.
' Polypogon monspeliensis Desf.
* Lobel and How, p. 127 ; Park. Theatrum, p. 173.

GARTH

and Richard Garth were the principal authorities in this country
on tropical plants in the sixteenth century.

His copy of Caesalpimis is in the Magdalen Library. The title-
page bears his signature, and in the body of the book he underlined
passages relating to the properties of Tobacco, p. 344, and of
Scorzonera, p. 427, and added the name ' Battato ' for * Castaneae
terrestres', on p. 427. The volume passed in 1598 from his son
Robert Garth (d. 16 13) to Dr. Lancelot Browne, the author of
a prefatory eulogy in Gerard's Herbal^ i597j ^"^^ then to John
Goodyer.

iv. William Salusbury, i5ao?-i6oo?

V. Sir John Salusbury of Lleweni, 1567-1612.

Some few years ago I had the satisfaction of finding in the
Library of Christ Church a copy of Gerard's Herbal, with a few
dated marginal notes of plants found in 1 606-1608 in North Wales,
and with notes on the medicinal properties of others. The Herbal
is inscribed ' Sir John Salusbury his booke ', and the notes are
evidently in his own handwriting. They illustrate the manner
in which Gerard's work encouraged the practice of recording exact
plant-localities at the time when Goodyer was a boy, even in quite
remote parts of the country. They are not mentioned by any
botanical writer with whom I am acquainted, nor do the recent
historical notes on the flora of Denbighshire by Dallman take us
farther back than Waring's letter of 1772. Salusbury's date was
1606, and though there is no chance of his ever being forgotten
as an historical character, he also deserves to be remembered by
compilers of county floras : moreover, unlike his cousin, William,
he wrote in English. He received his first education at Oxford at
Jesus College.

By all accounts Sir John Salusbury of Lleweni, known as
' the Strong was no ordinary man. He came of a remarkable
family, one member of which, William Salusbury (1520 ?-i6oo ?),
the first translator of the New Testament into Welsh, is stated to
have been the author of a Welsh Botanologia which is said to have
been an original work showing close observation of plant life in
Wales. It is possible, however, that William's great literary reputa-
tion has led his biographer to overstate his botanical achievement
(D.N.B.). I believe the ' Welsh Botanologia ' of the D.N.B. to be
the Llysieulyfr Meddyginiaetholy recently (19 16) edited by Mr. E.
Roberts. It is a Herbal in Welsh, a compilation of extracts from
Fuchsj Turner, and Dodoens translated into Welsh before 1 597 by

SALUSBURY

239

William Salusbury, with the Welsh names of the plants, and a few
(very few) localities added. Mr. Roberts points out that the more
detailed localities are those nearest Llansannan and Llanrwst where
William Salusbury is known to have lived. Lleweni is thrice
mentioned, and both author and work must have been well known
to Sir John Salusbury : the names of plants localized by William
are printed below.

John's mother was the celebrated Catherine Tudor of Beraine,
popularly known as ' Mam Cymru ' or Mother of Wales, celebrated
alike for her numerous descendants and her four marriages.^

Sir John has been stated to have had two thumbs on each hand.
His gardening is not remembered as well as is his huge strength.
The Denbighshire tradition that he used to ' tear up forest trees
by the roots ' is reminiscent less of his interest in botany than of
a fondness of displaying his physical powers.^ He married Ursula,
daughter of Henry 14th Earl of Derby, and left three sons and two
daughters, the eldest of whom, Sir Henry Salusbury, Bart. {d. 1632),
also wrote his name in the Herbal (in 1627), and entered notes
on two plants growing on the Chirk estate of his father-in-law,
Sir Thomas Myddleton {1^^0-16^1).^

On a recent pilgrimage to Denbigh to visit the site of Sir John's
gardens at Lleweni, chance made me acquainted with Mr. A.
Foulkes-Roberts of Denbigh, himself a lineal descendant of
Catherine of Berain. He at once took the greatest interest in the
quest and drew attention to the fact that Sir John Salusbury

^ Catherine of Berain was a great granddaughter of Henry VII and
therefore cousin to Queen Elizabeth. She m. i. Sir John Salusbury. 2. Sir
Richard Clough (and from this marriage was descended Mrs. Thrale, the friend
of Dr. Johnson). 3. Morris Wyn (as his third wife). 4. Edward Thelwall.
The story goes that after the funeral of her first husband she left the church
in the company of Mr. Wynn who then and there offered her marriage.
She declined on the ground that, on her way to church, she had promised
Sir Richard Clough !

'A popular tradition credits him with having killed a mythical and much
dreaded beast that had its lair in the cliffs below the castle, and having also slain
a great white lioness with his naked fist in the Tower of London, thus earning
for his estate the name of Lleweni, Llew being the Welsh for the king of beasts.
He also overthrew in a wrestling match a famous giant, Edward Shon David,
whose walking-stick was the axle-tree of a cart with a crow-bar driven through it.
Syr John, too, was accustomed to show off his strength, when he had no worthier
object for it, by tearing up forest trees by the roots.* — Bradley, North Wales.

^ Sir T. Myddleton was elected Lord Mayor of London on the same day
that his brother Hugh opened the New River Head. He had purchased the
estate of Chirk Castle in 1595.

-24©

SALUSBURY

was already known by his poems, and that the MSS. of some of the
poems are in the Library of Christ Church in Oxford.^

On returning to Oxford, through the kindness of Canon Cooke,
I was given the earliest possible opportunity of examining the two
volumes known as Christ Church MSS. 183 and 184 and Professor
Brown's notes thereon, and then learnt, what has been known to
Shakespearean scholars for some years, that Shakespeare, Marston,
Chapman, Jonson, and ' Ignoto ' contributed ' Diverse Poeticall
Essaies ' on the subject of the Phoenix and Turtle, as a supplement
to a poem by Robert Chester entitled Loves Martyr, and that the
whole collection was dedicated to Sir John Salusbury of Lleweni.

The personal association of Salusbury with the great Eliza-
bethans is also shown by the presence of a poem written in
Jonson's own hand among the Salusbury MSS. at Christ Church,
and by the lines in which Robert Chester welcomed his patron
home from London, where

The swanns that laue their blacke feet in the streames,
Have in their sweetnes sang you golden theames :
Court-bewtefying Poets in their verse,
Homerian like sweete stanzoes did rehearse.

Robert Chester may well have been a member of the Salusbury
household, who knew Lleweni and his patron's love of flowers.
Indeed, in his Wynter garla7id of Sommer fflowers made m manner
of A Neweyeares gyfte to the Right Worshipfiill John Salusbury
Esq^ of the body to the Queenes most exelcnt Maiestye, Ijg8,^ he
may have drawn inspiration from plants actually growing at
Lleweni. He mentions twenty-seven in thirteen stanzas of his
poem.

Jelliflower.

Venus Looking glasse.

Daphadill.

Hyacinthus.

Organy.

Strawbery.

Orice.

Angellica.

Honysuckle.

Basill.

Rose.

Lauender,

Ladies Nauel.

Virgins bower.

Oleander.

Sweet Marierome.

Stickadoue.

Rosemarye.

Touchmenot.

Arkeangell.

Agnus Castus.

Ladies smock.

Hartsease.

Youthwort.

Ladies Seale.

Lady lacies.

Yooke Elme.

A selection of Sir John Salusbury 's own poems was printed in
1597 in a small volume dedicated to him by Robert Parry, gent.,

1 Carleton Brown, Poems by Sir John Salusbury and Robert Chester. Bryn
Mawr College Monographs xiv, Pennsylvania, 191 3.
« MS. 184, f. 45 a.

SALUSBURY

241

of which only one copy is known. His Certaine Necessary
observations For Healthy a poem illustrating his interest in practical
hygiene, was printed as a broadside, of which a copy is bound up
in his 'booke of notes', MS. 183 (f. 4), and is dated (in MS.) 1596,
though a copy of the poem itself, written by a clerkly hand, is
dated 1603 (MS. 184, f. 77 b). The volumes of MSS. contain many
verses in Welsh, praising various members of the Salusbury family,
copies of letters from Sir Henry Sydney, the Earl of Essex, Sir
Walter Raleigh, and other notabilities, English poems by Sir John
Salusbury and his circle, a few medical recipes, and stray quotations
and verses.

Sir John's own muse drew less from a knowledge of plants than
did the muse of Robert Chester, though there are, as in all Eliza-
bethan poetry, references to * choyse and sweetest flowers ', sweet
Briere and sweet Eglantine. And one of his verses, on Pride,
entitled A Conceite, ends with the lines

And those that grow of sundry seeds
At last do proue but stinking weeds
And if pure wheat be sowde in tares
The wheat Assuredly it mars.

finis John Salusbury.

but they can hardly be cited as showing exceptional cultural lore.

The names of many herbes are contained in his medical recipes,

of which the following is a specimen :

Tacke a certain amand milke mayde Whit these ierbes Tacke plantain,
ribbe Whorthe, knott grasse, cheaper purse, confery of evere one a handfull,
strabury leaves, sanicula, of evere one halfe a handefull. Let this by boylet in
a quantitie of faier Water of this Liquor macke an amand milke.

This is excelent against a consumcion, waste, or runninge of the raynes, or
brekinge of a vayne & within the boodie, or anye foule matter wthin manes
boodye. [Christ Church MS. 184, f. 33'

^ By another hand in the same volume is A Dietary for those who have weak
backs, in ten 4-line stanzas :

1. Good sir yf you lack the strengthe in your back

and wolde have a Remediado
Take Eryngo rootes and Marybone tartes
Redde wine and riche Potato.

2. An oyster pie and a Lobsters thighe

hard eggs well drest in Marow
This will ease your backes disease
and make you a good Cocksparrowe.
4. An Apricock or an Artichock
Anchovies oyle and Pepper
These to use doe not refuse

twill make your backe the better.
10. The milke of an Asse will bringe to passe
all thinges in such a matter.
When this is spente you must be contente
with an ounce of Synamon water.

[Christ Church MS. 184, f. 35

242

SALUSBURY

Sir John was evidently of a most cheerful disposition, and we
wish that a page had not been mutilated on which was written

A notable sente?tce iuhe7'e'with Sir JoJm Sahisburye was woonte

to solace him S[elfe.
Often with a mery thought, do I myselfe well please
it is a thing that coste me nought, yet dooth .... [paper torn].

[Christ Church MS. 184, f. i

Three of Sir John's notes referring to plants which he grew in
his garden at Lleweni are printed with accounts of other garden
plants below, but his other notes all refer to stations of native
Welsh plants, and are usually authenticated with the addition of
his name in full, * Sir John Salusbury, Knight '. The records are
the earliest known to me for Denbighshire and the adjoining
counties.

The plants, though interesting, are not very rare and had mostly
been localized by William Turner, or by Gerard, in England. The
locality for MattJiiola siniLata appears, however, to be the earliest
given for this plant in Britain.

William Salusbury's Localities, c. 1597.

Radish {} Raphamts sativtis). Transplanted by W. Salusbury from meadow

adjacent to the Abbey at Maenan, near mouth of the Llugwy, to his garden
at Llanrwst.

Radish sp. Llannefydd ; Denbigh ; Llantwrog.

Marsh Mallow [Althaea officinalis'). Llansannan.
Rest harrow [Ononis spinosa). Plas yn Llewini.

Gromell [Lithospermum officinale). Denbigh ; Whitford ; near Mostyn.

Chamomile [Antheinis sp.). Llannefydd; Llewini; near Llangollen;

Dolgelley.

Mistletoe [Viscicm albtwi). ' I saw it with berries in March near the Bont-

vaen near Chirk, and without berries all the way to Ludlow.'

Fig. Conway ; ' maesglas yn tegeingl, 2 m. from Holywell.'

Great Cat's tail [Typha latifolid). Whittington Castle, 2 m. from Oswestry.

Great Water Plantain [Alisnia plantago). In a pool by the great house of

Sir John Salusbury [presumably at Lleweni].

Rye. Plas Llewini 1555.

Maidenhair Spleenwort [Aspienium irtchotnanes). Bettws y Coed.

Harts tongue fern. Talacre in Flint ; in a wooded glen near Llannefydd.

Sir John Salusbury's Localities, 1606-8.

Papaver argetnone L.

This hearbe is to be found by Llansanan hard by Ryd y Rienn or at Aber
in Carnarvonshire.

Crambe mariti??ia L.

English Sea Colewort, ' by my weare at Llanddylas upon the Baich and
brine of the Sea, where there is no Earth to be seene but sande & pible
stones'. In flower 30 May 1606.

PLANTS OF NORTH WALES

243

Maithiola sinuaia Br.

Purple sea stock Gilloflower, 'by seaside by Sir John Salusbury his we.ire
theare at Llandulas

Rubus Idaeus L.

The RLis[)ie Bush or Hindebery doth growe by Moelvodiar^ in Rees
Tailors tent- ment & in grove of woodde Kylynlhvyn behind the house of
Berain, where I Sir J »hn Salusbury found plentie of them growing wild
yet naturally there. It is also found in Merionethshire, very comon by
hedge ows and in th • topps of old thatched houses, and so likewise in
the upp partes of Denbighshire at Sputty and other places thereabouts.

Rosa spinosissima L.

I Sir John Salusbury found the Rose Pimpernell very comon in Garth
snodnay Parke by Denbighe. Also in Merionethshire.

Sedum acre L.

Castle wall of Harden Castle. J. S.

Parnassia palustris L.

Mr. Tho. Willi.imes, Clarke &: phision, sent it mee Sir John Salusbury
Knight, for another hearb. It groweth in a meade of Sir John Winn
Knight.

Silaus pratensis Bess.

English Saxifrage in the Copic in Llewenny parke next the newe stable
over the high stile upon the right hand of the footway that leadeth from
Llewenny Hall to Denbighe I found it the 23 Maye 1606.

Dauais Carota L.

Copic of Llewenny 23 Maye 1606.

Scabiosa arvensis L.

Purple flowered Scabious groweth neere St. Michells well or Fynnon
Mihangil by Carwys, in the field that is above the well named Blorant,'^
in many other places neere Skewiog [Ysceifiog] Church, in the field
adioyning to rhe highe way upon the left hande as you come from
Denbighe to the mountayne as you ride to Chester.

* Conyza maior ' ? =: Erigeron acre L.

Llewenny.
Gnaphaliiim erectum L.

Coten weede or Comon Cudweed groweth by Llewenny Brewhouse near
to the Causaye theare.

Vacciniiim myrtillus L.

This groweth in most of the montaynes of Wales.
' Lysimachia ?ijim??iu/aria L.

Herb twopence. Newburghe in Llewenny Park & in wood called
Kylynllwyn.

^ Three miles west of Henllan. I am indebted to Mr. Edwards, the Librarian
of Jesus College, for help with the spelling of Welsh place-names and for the
loan of the Herbal of William Salusbury.

Blorant in Parish of Aberwheeler near Bodfari.

R 2

244

SALUSBURY

Erythraea Centaurium Pers.

24 Alay 1606 Llewenny.
Scrophularia nodosa L.

Groweth in the Orchard at Chirck Castle.
Digitalis purpic7-ea L. var.

Foxglove with white flower growes in a Parke of the Right Worthy Sir
Thomas Myddelton called [? Castle] park [of Chirck ?].
Veronica officinalis L.

Fluellen 8 Oct. 1609.
Vero7iica spicata L.
Veronica serpyllifolia L.
Salvia verbenacea L.

Wild Clarie in great plentie in litil Park by the wall of the Castle of
Denbigh.

Fnmella vulgaris L.

Selfe heale or ye graite ynnos groweth plentifullie in Lleweny parke & the

white flowered Self heale is found in a meadow of John Wyn mathenor

of Lleweny green.
Ajuga repiajis L.

Bugle or Middle Comfrey also white flowered Bugle I, Sir John Salusbury,
Knight, found both in Lleweny park in the Coppice adjoining upon the
River Cloyd where the herbes Adders tonge & Twiblade growe I found
them the xx**^ of May 1606 growing there plentifullie.
Plantago coro?iopus L.

Buckeshorne. Weare at Llandulas on the side of the Bancks neare the
weare. 3 May 1606.

Euphorbia par alias L.

Sea Spurge. Llanddylas 'risinge furthe of the Sandes ' and Baiche of the
Sea in very great plentie. 30 May 1606.

Ophrys ovata L.

Twyblade is likewise found neare Carrwis in a place called Cadnant, where
a faire well springeth called St. Michael's well, in Welsh ffynnon-
Mihangel. [And in the] Castle Park of Chirche in a close next the lower
Barnes (belonging to the Rt. Hon. Sir Tho: Myddelton). Twiblade are
found by Chambers wood in a field called Ravenscroftes field in Wales
neare Denbigh and likewise is found hard by Cloyde in a field of
John ap Roberts of Pont Gruffith & uppon the banks of the river Wheler.
neare the house of the parson of Botuarry. The Herbe Addertonge
groweth likewise in the lower end of Ravenscroftes field.
Paris quadrifolia L.

Herbe Paris is found neare Carrewis in a place called Cadnant, where a faire
well springeth called St. Michael's well, ffynnon Mihangel within a boult
shot of the well down the spring, one that side of the water as Carewis
standeth, where like wise is found the hearb Twyblade and by reason of
the ranknes of the place there are found a greate store of herbe p.u is with
five leaves apeece, but the yeare 1606 I found the same with six leaves.

Sir John states that he planted them in his garden in 1608.

PLANTS OF NORTH WALES

245

Opfiioglossicju vulgatum L.

The Herbe Addertonge groweth likewise in the lower end of Ravenscroftes
field. [See above.]

Botrychiiim Lunaria Sw.

Lunaria minor is found in Cunnygree of the Right Hon. Sir John
Salusburys, Knight, lying betweene Botuarry [Bodfari] & Carewis, and
great plenty of them are found in Place y Chambers fielde lying hard by
Snodioge parke ^ neare Denbigh being the highest & the next field to the
parke on the left hand as you go to Henllan from Place y Chambers, in
a place of Llanywith called Ogoyr graig uppon the side of the banke
theare, and are found in the littel park of Denbigh in the syde of a hill . . .
[continuation cut in rebinding].

Poisonous Fungi.

Let my advice perswade thy mynde
not to truste any of that kynde
such as be takenn for the beaste
doe proue as poisnusse as the reste."

J. S.

With these notes are others concerning the medicinal properties
of herbs, on which Sir John Salusbury was also an authority. But
in none does he show his wisdom as clearly as in two lines in his
poem on Certaine Necessary observations for Heathy ^<^^3-

Apothecaries shop of drugges let not thy stomack be :

Nor use noe phisick till thou neede, thy frende adviseth thee.

vi. The MSS. of Mathias de L'Obel and William How.

Among the papers which came to Magdalen College with the
botanical Library bequeathed by John Goodyer in 1664, were
some thousands of printed slips cut from Lobel's Adversaria^ ^Sl^>
Observationes, 1576, and I cones Stirpium, with the authors cor-
rections and MS. additions. These had evidently formed part of
a pasted-up copy prepared by himself for a projected work which
he did not live to publish, but from which How printed a selection
under the title, perhaps the same as the one Lobel himself would
have chosen, of Stirpium llhistrationes.

The first question that occurs to one is, To what extent do these
MSS. throw light on the life and work of Lobel?

Lobel was born in Flanders in 1538. Like d'Alechamps (1513-
1588), Clusius (1526-1609), Pierre Pena and Jean Eauhin (1541)
he studied at Montpelier under Guillaume Rondelet, who is said to
have taken such a liking to the serious young student, that he

^ 'Snodiog Park' is marked as a round enclosure between Lleweni and
Denbigh in old maps of the county.

246

LOBEL

bequeathed his botanical manuscripts to him. In the Goodyer
collection there is a parchment cover that was used to hold loose
papers, which bears evidence to the association, for inside is written
Rondelet de Febribus. It may have originally served to contain
notes taken by Lobel at Rondelet's lectures.

Some ten years later we find Lobel living in England. Driven
from his native land by civil war, he described himself as being
unable to make a home on a sea tossed by incessant tempests, or
to indulge his peaceful love of gardens and flowers on lands watered
with human blood. He came over to England to produce his first
great work, the Adversaria, and in return for English hospitality
he dedicated the work to Queen Elizabeth, The book was printed
in London in 1570. It was our first scientific Botany. In Turner's

LOBEL AND COLE

247

Hcrball the plants were arranged in alphabetical order. In Lobel
we find the first striving after a natural classification, and for the
first time the straight-veined plants, now called Monocotyledons,
were partly separated from those with net-vcined leaves (Dicoty-
ledons).

Five years later we find him back in his native country and in
close alliance with Plantin, printing his Stirphnn or Plantarwn
Historia illustrated with 1,486 wood blocks, to which the De Snc-
cedaneis of Rondelet was added. And six years later he moved
to Delft to superintend a Dutch translation of his work, the Krnyd-
boeck printed there in 1581.

At the age of fifty-four he was again in England, superintending
a Botanical Garden which had been established by Lord Zouch
at Hackney. In this he was probably in friendly rivalry with
Gerard, who, seven years his junior, was cultivating eleven hundred
kinds of plants in his garden in Holborn. Lobel in fact prefaced
the 1596 catalogue of Gerard's garden with a printed letter of
eulogy, but a note in his own hand in the copy in the British
Museum (N.H.), ' haec esse falsissima M. Lobel,' is distinctly
unkind. Dr. Daydon Jackson tells me that this is the only
specimen of Lobel's handwriting that was known to him before he
saw the Goodyer manuscripts.

About 1606 Lobel was honoured by being appointed King's
Botanist to James I, but feeling the weight of his sixty-eight years,
retired, it is believed, to live with his son-in-law James Cole at
Highgate. The will of James Cole,^ a document of great interest,
presents a graphic picture of the wealth of Lobel's son-in-law, who
evidently maintained intimate relations with the Low Countries to
his dying day. He was engaged probably in the spinning, and
certainly in the importation of silk into this countrj^ He left his
house at Highgate to his wife Louisa, then to Abraham Bush, his
sister's son. His house in Lyme St., held on lease from the
Carpenters' Company, he left to his nephews Henry and Peter Cole,
and Henry was also to have a ' gilte cuppard with the arms of
Antwerpe graven therein ' and his chain of gold. To Abr. Bush

^ Will (P. C. C. Barrington 42) written on six leaves of paper, dated 31 Dec.
1627, with a codicil witnessed by Eliz. van de Bossche and Louise Cool, proved
May 1628. It is to be hoped that one day a more complete account of Lobel's
relations will be forthcoming. In addition to James Cole, he mentions another
son-in-law Ludovic Myres, an authority on pharmacy, Abraham Hoguebat,
pharmacist, son of his second wife, and Michael de Lannoy ' affinis meus His
second wife may have been related to the Hugobert mentioned by Goodyer,
cf. p. 59. Was de Lannoy synonymous with de Laune ?

248 LOBEL

' all my bookes ^ as well concerning my Latin studies, as picturenge
with all my printes, little pictures, shells, marbers, statues, and all
my antiquities and old Coines and such like rarities commonly shutt
within my Counting House in Lyme St.' To numerous friends
and relations with Dutch names he bequeathed silver cups and
pieces of plate.

Under Cole's roof Lobel probably added the last touches to
a compilation, the manuscript of which is now before us, and which
we may call the Stirpiu77i Ilhistrationes. The date of the work is
settled by the imprimatur which bears the signature of Thomas
Moundeford in his official capacity of President of the College of
Physicians. He filled this post from i6t2 to 1614.

The original testimonials with which Lobel had provided himself
for two of his works are still extant. They are both from the
College of Physicians, and are signed by the most eminent doctors
in London. The names on the earlier document take us back
a long way, to 1605, two years before Harvey became a Fellow of
the College. The signatures are headed by :

Thomas Langton'^as President; then follow John Craig,"' who is said
to have given Napier a hint that led to the invention of logarithms;
Sir William Paddy,"^ Sir T. Turquet de Mayerne,^ Henry Atkins,^

^ Two of James Cole's books are known to me. One a Dodoens in the
Goodyer collection ; the other, Clusius, Per Hispanias, formerly in the British
Museum, but turned out as a duplicate in 1769, and now in the possession of
my friend Dr. Daydon Jackson. Both books have his signature Jacobi Colei on
the title-page.

2 Thomas Langton, M.D. Cantab. F.R.C.P. 1581 ; President, 1604, 5, 6.
d. i6c6.

2 John Craig, M.D. of Bale. First Physician to James VI of Scotland.
F.R.C.P. 1604. He attended James I in his last illness.

^ Sir W. Paddy, M.D., of St. John's College, Oxford, where a monument
records his great benefactions to the College. Physician to James I. President
of the College of Physicians, 1609-11, and in 1618.

^ Sir Theodore de Mayerne, M.D. b. Geneva 1573, d. 1655; M.D.
Montpelier 1597 ; F.R.C.P. 1616. Physician to Anne of Denmark, Charles
and Charles II.

' Henry Atkins. President of the College of Physicians, on seven occasions^
1606-25. He started with the naval expedition of 1597 as physician to the Earl
of Essex, but was so bad a sailor that he had to be put ashore at Plymouth, and
the College was ordered by the Queen to select another medical man to accompany
the expedition. The choice fell on Dr. Moundeford. Dr. Atkins was chosen by
James I to fetch his younger son, subsequently Charles I, then an infant from
Scotland, d. 1635. His will has recently been acquired by the College of
Physicians.

1 1

yjiartiiitis .

OLD TESTIiAIONIAL TO LOBEL

Signed by the President of the College of Physicians
and by other eminent Doctors

SONNIlT dedicated to lob el by MAES

TESTIMONIALS

249

Richard Forster,^ William Baronsdale,-^ Thomas Frear;' William
Dun/ D. Scllin,^ Francis Hering,^ Matthew Gwinne,' all in Munk's
Roll of the College. Gilbert Primrose, though not on the Roll^
was the father of James Primrose who was ; J. Nasmyth,^ sur^^eon
to James VI of Scotland, had only recently arrived in London
in attendance on his royal patron. Gwinne's Vertiinmtis was acted
at Magdalen College in 1607. Nasmyth had already presented
Lobel with some plants which the latter had already acknowledged
in print. This testimonial was accompanied by a eulogistic Sonnet
written by Jan Maes. Neither testimonial nor sonnet appear to have
been published.

The later testimonial is signed by Thomas Moundeford,^ Presi-
dent, Henry Atkins, Richard Forster, Thomas Friar, Mark Ridley,^*'

1 Richard Forster, M..D., of All Souls College. F.R.C.P. about 1575 ;
President, 1601-3, and 161 5. Author of Epheinerides Meteorologicae, ad aiinum
1575, secimdtan posituin Finitoris Londoni. 8vo Lond. 1575. When out
walking with Dr. Herring and Lobel he found a new grass, ' Gramen supinum
Monspeliense inter Islington et altam portam, vernacule Highgate'. (Lobel.)

2 William Baronsdale, M.D., of St. John's College, Cambridge. President
of the College of Physicians, 1589-1600. He died before 7 June 1608.

3 Thomas Fryer, M.D. of Padua, of Trinity College, Cambridge. F.R.C.P.
1572. He incorp. Doctor of Physic at Oxford, 28 Feb. 1623.

* William Dunne, of Exeter College. F.R.C.P. 1592. Died before
16 May 1607.

^ Daniel Selin, M.D., of Magdalene and Christ's Colleges, Cambridge.
F.R.C.P. 1599. d. 161 5.

^ Francis Herring, M.D., of Christ's College, Cambridge. F.R.C.P. 1599.

He was present at the finding of ' Gramen supinum Monspeliense ' between
Islington and Highgate. and wrote a Latin poem Epigrannjia in Opera novissima
VObelii as a mark of his 'love and friendship', which was printed at the
end of Lobel's Aniviadversiones in G. Rondelletii Phai'inaceuticam Officinam.
Lond. 1605.

Matthew Gwinne, M.D., Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford. F.R.C.P.
1605; First Gresham Professor of Physic, 1598-1607 ; author of the Latin
comedy Veriu?nn7{s, acted before James I at Magdalen College, d. 1627.
^ James Nasmyth. Surgeon and Botanist to James L

Provided Lobel with new drawings of ' Hyacinthus stellatus Peruanus ' and
' Narcissus Indicus rubro flore one of Robin's new plants. Lobel, Adv. alt.
p. 482. He evidently had a garden in which he grew and flowered

Frittillaria nigra Pyrenaea. 1605. Lobel, Adv. alt. p. 496.

Crocus Byzantinus serotinus candidus. p. 498.

Colchicum minimum tenuifolium Gallaecium. p. 500.

Plantago Umbilicata. Staghorn fern. {^Platycerhim aethiopicus). p. 506.
1604-5.

^ Thomas Moundeford, M.D., of Cambridge. Pres. R. C. P. 161 2-1 4,
1621-3.

Mark Ridley, ALA., of Clare Hall. F.R.C.P. 1594. Died before 1624.

LOBEL

Edward Lister,^ Richard Palmer,^ John Argent,^ and Matthew
Gwynn. It was printed by How in 1655 together with an original
letter from Dr. Argent, who will always be remembered for having
obtained from Bermuda the original bunch of Bananas, which was
exhibited in Johnson's shop on Snow Hill.

Lobel died in i6i6 (four years before the birth of his editor,
William How). James Cole inherited his manuscripts, and Parkin-
son, when collecting all available material for his Theatriim botani-

SlGNATURES TO LOBEL'S SECOND TESTIMONIAL.

cuni^ was undoubtedly permitted to see some or all of them.
Lobel wrote in Latin : Parkinson w^ould therefore have had to
translate, and a strict sense of honesty in the obligation to make
acknowledgement may have become blunted in the process: he
merely mentioned Lobel's help in general terms, for Lobel was
a foreigner, dead, and perhaps no one cared,

^ Edward Lister, M.D., King's College, Cambridge. F.R.C.P. 1593.
Physician in ordinary to Queen Elizabeth and James I. d. 1620.

- Richard Palmer, M.D., of Christ's College. Took part in the consultation
at the death-bed of Henry, Prince of Wales.

^ John Argent, M.D., of Peterhouse. F.R.C.P. 1597; President, 1625-7,
29-33- May 1643. -^^ autograph letter from him to Lobel is among the
Goodyer MSS. He is remembered for his enterprise in causing his man to

WILLIAM HOW

Ten years later William How, a young doctor of St. John's
College, Oxford, was assiduously collecting notes for the first
British Flora. Concise in the choice of its information and scrupu-
lous in its duty of quoting authorities, the Phytologia Britannica
of How was the antithesis to the Thcatrtim of Parkinson. It w as
printed in 1650, almost certainly before the author had acquired
the Lobel MSS. About 22 Jan. 1651 Lobel MSS., or some of them,
appear to have been in the hands of a man of learning,^ who then
copied out many Latin descriptions of plants (Goodyer MS. ^,
ff. 104-21).

How was a most indefatigable hunter after exact localities of
plants. He would have searched the Theatriim in vain for informa-
tion which he afterwards found clearly given in Lobel's MS., and
which he would have assuredly included in Xh^ Phytologia^ had only
Parkinson quoted authorities : and Parkinson had still further
transgressed by taking Lobel's credit of priority to himself.

This appears to be one explanation of the violence of How's
criticisms of Parkinson's lapse from the higher standards of literary
honesty. My friend Dr. Church has suggested another motive
which might well repay a more extended inquiry. Parkinson was
a Puritan, whereas How was probably, like Goodyer and his friends,
a Royalist.

It is reasonable to suppose that How's first idea after realizing
the originality of Lobel's work was to publish it iii ioto. It was,
however, in Latin, and the market had already been spoilt by the
appearance of two popular works, Johnson's Gerard emaculattcs in
1633 and Parkinson's Theatrtivi in 1640, and no publisher would
undertake a third.

Yet Lobel's ' volumes were compleat. The Title ! Epistles ! and
Diploma affix'd '. How, indignant that Parkinson had, as he put it,
' murdered his (Lobel's) genuine scrutiny in treacherous oblivion,'
and perhaps dimly conscious that his time for work through failing

follow the roots of a species of ' Pease ' by scrapping away the beach between
Orford and Aldborough, ' vntill hee got some equal! in length vnto his height,
yet could come to no ends of them*. Ger. ei7iac. 125 1. And during the last
year of his Presidency of the College of Physicians, he gave Johnson the first
bunch of Bananas that was ever exhibited in a London shop. Ger. einac. 15 15.

^ The handwriting of the unknown commentator is characterized by the
frequent use of scrolls. We have noted it in Goodyer MSS. 8 and 9 and in
Goodyer's copy of Parkinson's Theatrum, and have evidence that the writer
was closely associated with Goodyer about 1650 to 1659. There is reason to
believe that the writer was Goodyer's friend and neighbour, Dr. John Dale
of East Meon and of Long Acre in London, who died in 1662.

252

LOBEL

health was short, made a selection of Lobel's descriptions under the
title Stirphtm Illiistrationes ; pliirimas elabor antes inatiditas plantas
subreptitiis loh: Parkinsoni rapsodiis {ex codice MS. insalutatd)
sparsim gravatae. The work was printed by Thos. Warren for Jos.
Kirton of St. Paul's Churchj^ard in 1655.^

We have the original manuscript from which the book was
printed before us, with the excerpts from Lobe), with How's
additions pasted or pinned thereto, and the leaves of the MS.
exactly as they were marked for the compositor, and returned by
the printers to the editor.

After How's early death on 30 Aug. 1656. his own annotated
copy of the Phyiologia passed to John Goodyer on 30 Apr. 1659,
and with it probably the Lobel MSS. as well, but too late for them
to be of real use, for Goodyer's working life was drawing to a close.
Except for their disarray through having been ungummed and
misplaced, we may assume the papers to be in the state in which
How left them.

In this volume there are thirty-seven leaves.

First comes the original imprimatur with the signatures of
Tho. Moundeford, the President of the College of Physicians^ and
of eight other members. Then the Preface, with many lines erased
in Lobel s hand, and some eulogistic verses by Alexander Rhedus
of which the last eight lines were not printed. Next follow some
introductory remarks by How, and his Index and list of erratula
in his own hand.

Then Lobel's descriptions of 223 kinds of plants, a large number
of which were apparently claimed by Parkinson as his own dis-
coveries. How's notes, which appear in small type near the margin
of his printed book, are intercalated in the Lobel MS., and show
that the selection and arrangement of the volume was entirely the
work of How, and not of Lobel.

How evidently had Lobel's materials for the larger book before
him. He cut out the descriptions which appeared to him to be of
the greatest importance. There are also included original letters
from Joannes de Monnel'^ and from John Argent, dated
'Wood Street 2 June 1608', and also notes on various plants from
Montpellier communicated by, and apparently in the handwriting
of, Pellisserius. At the end is one leaf of aixapTrnxara in How's

^ John Goodyer received his copy on 19 February 1654.

^ John Monnel of Tournay was a correspondent of Clusius. Parkinson
associates him with 'Anagallis tenuifolia fl. coeruleo ' which he received from
Cadiz and grew in his garden at Tournay. Theatrum, p. 559.

STIRPIUM ILLUSTRATIONES

253

autograph, in which more than a score of Parkinson's errors arc
pointed out.

The remainder of Lobel's materials and the manuscript of his
projected Sth-piiim Illitstratioiies have now been bound in three
volumes, for convenience in handling.

Volume I contains the classification and description of 223 kinds
of grasses. Lobel had evidently become acquainted with a great
many more species than the some forty-five he knew when he
printed his Historia plantariim in 1576. But evidently the very
novelty of the ne*ver descriptions has brought about the spoiling
of the MS. — from which How cut out accounts of ninety-eight
different grasses, for his book printed in 1655.

Lobel had evidently worked hard at his grasses. The different
kinds described have been numbered and renumbered in some
cases four times over, and many alterations have been made in
the MS.

The last fourteen leaves of this volume are from a pasted-up
copy of the Adversaria which has been much cut about.

Vols. 2 and 3 are built up out of a further portion of the
pasted-up copy of the Adversaria^ the leaves of two copies of the
1576 edition being pasted on leaves of paper. The greater part
of the text has been struck out, and marginal references to the
pages of the Observationes, 1576, have been added. In vol. 2
the leaves have been roughly numbered by How (?) i to 134, and
in vol. 3 the leaves run from 135 to 251. The plants are numbered
up to No. 835.

Between the leaves so prepared he intercalated the leaves of
a printed copy of the Observationes (edit. 1576), and between them
again the illustrations from his 1591 edition of Icones Stirpiiim
printed by Plantin. In many cases the page-margins are filled
with Lobel's additional MS. notes on the plants.

There are no references to Goodyer, nor traces of his handwriting,
on these Lobel MSS.

vii. William Mount and his Records of Kentish
Plants in 1582-4.

Am.ong the books in the Goodyer Library are two editions
of the Icones Stirpiiim by Lobel, printed by the Plantin press.
The earlier copy of 1581, according to a note on the title-page, was
purchased by ' Gulielmus Mowntuus'for 19 shillings on May 20,
.1582. This note was written by Mount himself, and his initials,
'W. M.', are stamped upon the leather binding. Several notes,

MOUNT

written in the margins of the illustrations, appear to have been
added by him within a few months of his acquiring the volume.
In this, the earlier of the two volumes, there are no notes by
Goodyer ; but in the later edition of 1591, containing no notes in
Mount's hand, there are numerous notes by Goodyer, including
copies by him of all Mount's notes on plants growing in Kent,
taken from the copy of 1581.

It seems likely that Goodyer having first acquired the later
edition, copied Mount's notes into it, perhaps borrowing them for
the purpose. He subsequently obtained possession of the earlier
copy and owned both volumes before 1633.

It has been ascertained^ that Mount was born at Mortlake in
1 545, was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, of
which he was admitted scholar, in 1563 and fellow in 1566. He
resigned his fellowship before Lady Day 1570. It appears that
he owed much to the patronage of Secretary Sir Thomas Smith
and Lord Burghley.^ In a letter addressed to Sir William Cecil on
20 Oct. 1567, he professes his great satisfaction in being placed
at the University under the patronage of the former, his ' most
honoured Mecaenas '. Medicine was the first object of his studies:
later he took orders and was appointed Master of the Savoy in
January 1593-4, and died in December 1602.

It was known that Mount had taken considerable interest in the
making of distilled waters, an art which he probably learnt as part
of his medical studies, and that he had written some Latin verses
prefixed to Lobel's Balsamic Opobalsami, Carpobalsami et Xylo-
balsami explanatio in 1598, but he has not as yet received from
botanists the credit which he deserves of having been the first to
record the provenance of several plants in the county of Kent, nor
for his knowledge of the construction of perpetual calendars.

In the collection of medical books which my friend the late
Sir William Osier bequeathed to M°Gill University, there is a
manuscript to which Mr. Craster has recently drawn my attention .
it throws a new light on the knowledge of the Kentish botanist.
It is ' A shorte declaration of the meaning and use of a perpetuall
calendare or almanack ' by W[illiam] M[ount]. in eleven chapters,
with dedicatory preface to Sir Thomas Bromley, Lord Chancellor
of England, whose chaplain the writer was, and whose arms are
blazoned in colour on p. vi. The work, which is the author's
holograph, is illustrated by coloured tables and diagrams. Three

^ Cooper, AtJie7iae Cantab, ii, p. 271.
Calejidar State Papers Domestic^ 1547-80, pp. 294, 301.

FLORA OF KENT

255

of the latter contain the arms respectively of the Universities of
Cambridge and Oxford, and of Queen Margaret of Anjou, foundress
of Queen s College, Cambridge.

It was written by William Mount in 1583; and the hand is
identical with that in which the entries in Goodycr's copy of Lobel's
hones at Magdalen College, are written.

Mount's botanical localities were mostly within four miles west
and north-west of Maidstone, indicating that he was living in Kent
in i5<Si at Kast Mailing, where he had an orchard. And even in
the case of plants for which Mount gives no localities, it may safely
be assumed that he was referring to specimens growing near his
Kentish home. His notes appear to have been written between
158:2 and 1584. The plants which he may then have observed in
Kent, and for which his are the earliest references, are about thirty-
three in number. Of these thirty-three plants we find that Gerard,
who wrote thirteen years later than Mount, mentions only eight,
and to these Johnson adds only eleven more in his various works
printed 1629 to 1633, forty-five and more years later. These notes
of William Mount, therefore, constitute an important contribution to
a first Flora of Kent,^ with a few notes on the virtues of imported
garden and medicinal plants ; and it must be remembered that they
were compiled in days when the idea of local floras was as yet
unknown.

The modern names of some of the plants for which he has
recorded dates and localities are included in the following lists.

NATIVE PLANTS.

Modern Names.

Poa pratensis, L.
Poa trivialis, L. (?)
Eragrostis major, Host.
Phleum pratense, L., var. nodosum
Carex acuta, L.
Juncus acutiflorus, Ehrh.

^ I have found some other references to plants dating from the sixteenth
century in a copy of Lyte's Herbal^ 1578, belonging to the Radclifife Trustees in
Oxford. Two of the notes certainly refer to Kent, possibly the others may too.
There was a Smallbrydge in the manor of Horsmonden.

Ground pyne {Aju^a Chamaepithys L.) Muxuriat in Cantio

Rhus sylvestris Plin. {Myrica Gale L.) ' Canterberyie Call and Cole *.

Rhamnus {Rhainnus catharticus L.) ' au pres de la forest de Hatiele ' (?).

Buckthorne {Hippophae Rhainnoides L.) ' au pres de small bregge '.

Plane [Platamts orientalis L.). Planted in England 'at Small brege'.
The signature of the recorder is doubtless on the title-page, but it has been
obUterated by over-scribbling.

Localities recorded by First printed
Mount c. Y^Zi. records.

Gerard, 1597.

Ger. 1597.

Mount's ' Alderes '. Johnson, 1629.
East Mailing. Curtis, 1670.

Snodland. Johnson, 1632.

256

MOUNT

Moderfi A\wtcs.

Hordeum murinum, L.
Luzula vernalis, DC.
Eleocharis uniflorus, Reichenb. (?)
Triticum repens.
Agropyrum junceum, Beauv. (?)
Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. ^
or [
Digitaria glabra. )
Sparganium ramosum, Huds.
Narcissus pseudo-narcissus, L.

Scilla autumnalis, L. (?)
Allium ursinum, L.
Bupleurum rotundifolium, L.
Coronopus Ruellii, All.
Stellaria media, Vill.
Lysimachia Nummularia, L.
Rhinanthus Crista-galli, L.
Digitalis purpurea, L.
Tussilago Farfara, L.
Nymphaea lutea, L.
Bryonia dioica, L.
Tamus communis, L.
Potentilla anserina, L.
Pedicularis palustiis, L.
Fumaria officinalis, L.
Ceterach officinarum, Willd.
Botrychium Lunaria, Sw.

Asplenium Ruta-muraria, L.
Rhamnus catharticus, L.

Localities recorded by

Mount c. 1582.
About London.
Mount's Orchard.
Sandwich, Dover.
Addington.
Addington.

Addington, 1581.

Leybourne.

'Very common', prob.

in Kent.
Sea-coasts of England.
Wrotham.

Common.

East Mailing.

Maidstone. 1583.
Blackheath ; near
Rochester.

Dover-Folkestone, 1 582.

Fii'st printed

records.
Turner, 1548.
Ger. 1597.

Ger. 1597.

Ray, 1688.

Hooker, 1829.
Johnson, 1629.
Ray, 1724.

Park. 1629.
Martyn, 1763.
Johnson, 1629.
Ger. 1597.
Turner, 1735.
Johnson, 1632.
Johnson, 1629.
Johnson, 1632.
Johnson, 1629.
Jacob, 1777.
Johnson, 1629.
Johnson, 1629.
Johnson, 1629.
Merrett, 1667.
Ger. 1597.
Park. 1640.
Lobel, 1570.

Ger. 1597.
Ger. 1597.

GARDEN AND EXOTIC PLANTS,

Zea Mays, L. Morgan's garden.

Acorus Calamus, L. D. Penny's garden.

^, , . T '> Morgan's garden, 1578.

Gladiolus communis, L. j ^^^^.^^ '^^^^^^^^ ^ ^g^^

Crocus sativus, L. Saffron Walden.

Colchicum autumnale, L. Mount's garden, 15S3 ; and at Bath.

Saponaria Vaccaria, L. Lord Abergavenny's garden, 1584.

Ipomaea Jalapa. Root used medicinally in England, 1580.
Anthriscus cerefolium.

The Manuscript Notes of William Mount.

On Title-Page.

' Gulielmus Mowntuus 19^. Maij 2c. 1582.'

Page.

I. Gramen pratense. Foa pratense L.*

^ Great leavyd Medowe grasse very vulger.'
I. Gramen minus. Foa irivlalis L. (?)

'The lesser vulger Grasse.'

^ Lobel's illustrations of these grasses have been determined by Dr. Stapf,
who notes that they are * mostly too crude for us to name from them critically,
and Mount would not have been in a better position, except perhaps in so far
as he may have been supported by some tradition that is lost to us '.

PLANTS OF KENT 1582-4

257

7. Gramen paniculosum Phalarioides. Eragrostis major Host.*

' Grasse called in Surrey, braunched grasse in Coarne : and in
orchardes, & shaddowye places usually mowen. They seathe y^ in
water w^li purselane and small Peysons for wormes, in the sommer
tyme, and gyve y* commonly to very younge chylderen.'

10. Gramen typhinum. Phleum pratense L., var. nodosum.

* An other Sedge Grasse in watery moyste places in my Alderes
& (?) muche.'

11. Gramen palustre maius. Carex acuta L.

'The sharpe edge grasse flaggis he in black brookes [in Est
mallinge] growinge in Tuffettes, very Common.'

12. Gramen aquaticum alterum. Juncus acutiflorus Ehrl.

' Ponde grasse growinge in a Ponde in Snodelande, w^h ys some-
tyme allmoste drye.'

13. Panici effigie, Gramen simplici spica. Hordeum murinum \,}

* Barley grasse : because yt resembleth Barleye in hye wayes,
and pathes about London.'

16. Gramen hirsutum nemorosum. Luzula vernalis DC.

' Hearye or hoarye Grasse in my orcharde.'

17. Gramen iunceum marinum dense stipatum.

Eleocharis uniflorus Reichenb. (?) ^
' Pusshye grasse : in the sandes by the Castles betweene
Sandwyche and Douer (in Kent).'
20. Gramen Canarium. Triticum repens L

' In all places where the wryters use this worde : Gramen : It
ys to be understoode y* they meane Quycke or Couche grasse,
whereof there be dyverse kyndes well knowen. The best in my
opynyon hathe longe greate rootes creeping in lengthe ij yeardes
greater than wheate strawes full of ioyntes agroinge wth ye shape,
fol*'. 23. Yt groweth in Addington in Kent in the sandy drye
dustie hye wayes there. The same prevayleth against the straw,
and against wormes in my experience.'

22. Gramen caninum longius radicatum marinum alterum.

? Agropyrum junceum Beauv.
' Of Dogges Grasse, or Couche grasse, thus writeth Poena, and
Lobell, fol. 2. ... I have used the Grasse with ye great roote,
growinge in sandye wayes set downe here, fol^. 23 : growinge
in Addington in Kent and doe fynde yt muche better then the
usuall Couche grasse. W'": Mount.'

23. Gramen caninum alterum.

Cynodon Dactylo7i Pers., or Digit aria glabra Beauv.
' Quyche grasse growinge in sandye wayes the very trewe
Cowche grasse whereof the Phisiciones wryte. It groweth in the
sandy hie waye plentifuUye betweene Wrothame and Addington
* Dr. Stapf writes : * How this came to be noted down for Kent is a puzzle,
unless he saw it in a garden. Tabernaemontanus says it was grown in gardens,
and as it had an old popular name " amourette ", it may not have been unknown
in English gardens of the period.'

^ The figure and name are of Setaria viridis Beauv. (O. S., J.).
^ The figure is Scirpus caespitosus L. (O. S.) ; the name belongs to Bromus
asper (J.).

MOUNT

in Addington in Kent. (I there fownde y* [i5]8r and have
synce often used it against wormes w*^ good successe and ye
stoane allso euen in my selfe for ye stoane.'
33. [Quotation from Pena and Lobel.]

40. Milium indicum rubrum. Zea Mays L.

* Redd Indyan Myllitt, which I have seene in M'^ Morgan hys
house, the Queenes apothecarie in London.'
49. Harundo saccharina Indica. Succharum officinarum L.

'The suger Canes which yielde us our best suger of it selfe
suger without compoundinge, or connynge which ys in deede
good and comfortable : the other here in Suger houses by pollycie
denyed, ys perchaunce more profitable to the maker or mer-
chaunte, then healthfull to the partie, which ys to use it.'
55. China. Smilax China L.

'The diet roote Chinee whereof we have none growinge in
Englande and yet muche used : it hathe byn in Englande for the
Great pockes, allso for all deseases proceadinge from a moiste
brayne and the lyuer obstructed. Hereof I referre the reader to
Vesalius whoe hath lardge writen in his book de radice Chyna
lardgelye thereof.'
57. Acorus Diosc. & Acoros Theophrasti, Officinis falsb Calamus.

Acorus Calamus L.

'I have hearde M'" D. Pennye often saye that he hath thys
roote in his garden in London.'
59. Iris nostras vulgaris. Iris Pseud-acorus L.

80. Sparganium & Butomus Theophrasti. Sparganium ramosuni Huds.

' The sharpe edged burre llagge. It groweth in watery dytches
about Leybourne in Kent, smale use thereof in Phisick or
Chyrurgie.'

98. Gladiolus Narbonensis. Gladiolus cojnmunis L.

' Coarne flagge or Coarne gladdyn. I have y* my garden
Mr. Morgan gave yt to me a*^ 1578 at London yt groweth nowe
with me a^ 1583, at Mallinge.'

12. Narcissus poeticus. Daffodil. Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus\.,dJ\d.Q)\h^x's>.

' Theis herbes which are set here under the name of Narcissus
we calle Daffadowndyllyes : they be very common, and of them
(as here they be set) dyuerse sortes of dyuerse colores.'
37. Crocus sine flore. Croci flores. Crocus sativus L.

' Safforne withoute flower I have never sene here : safforne with
the flower I have sene plentye at Safforne VValden in Cambridge-
shyre as I thinck yt ys and in many other places in Englande.
Allso yt ys concluded amonge all the most approued Authors y*
Englishe Safforne ys the best and hath the greatest virtues.
The Qualities of safforne shall followe as the Roome wyll
permytt soe farre as there ys aney mency one by shape or picture
made of saff'orne.'
43. Colchicum sive Strangulatorium Ephemerum Crocifolium.

Autumn crocus. Colchicum autumnale L.
'Thys we calle Hermodactylus : y* was gevin me a<^ 1578 ; and
groweth now in my garden a"^ 1583; very trewly y* agreeth wyth
thys shape [cf. figure in Lobel, Icones^ 1581]- I did neuer see

PLANT NOTES

259

aney flower but only poddes, as here set downe yet may be
that y*- hath the flowers here underset and soe I thinck y^ hathe.

D. Symyns^ tould me, that y^ groweth plentifully about the
bathes in Somerset shyre or Wyltshyre when he sawe yt in
pastures whereof when casually their catle chaunce to feed, they
become daungerus syck untyll ye herdsman or keper have well
starved them euen allmoste to sweate ; and thin y® swellinge
and other accidents doe diminishe, allso they kepe y^ cattell from
drynck whyle they be yll. Thys ys Mr. D. Symyns observacon
of thys herbe in that countrye, as I took the same from hyme by
note.'

[Turner {Herbal, 1568, p. 156) figures the Widdowe Saffrone from Bath both
in flower and seed, but appears not to have known of its dangerous qualities to
cattle. He is eloquent about it in relation to man.

' It is good to knowe this herbe that a man maye isschewe it. It will strangell
a man and kyll him in the space of one daye, even as some kinde of Tode-
stolles do. The roote is swete and provoketh men thereby to eate of it. If anye
man by chaunce have eaten anye of thys, the remedye is to drinke a great
draught of cowe milke.'

'It stirreth up tossinges, wamlings, windinesse and vomiting' (Lyte, 1578,
p. 367).]

150. Cepe. Onion. Allium Cepa L.

' Unyones fynely slysed, and in faier. water one night steiped ;
the water y^ next morninge geven to chylderen which have the
wormes wonderful! effectuallye helpeth them. Lonicerus, fol. 193.
Tragus allso first used yt, fol. 739.'

151. Scillas. Cepa marina. 6'^///«z;d'r/z^zHuds. confused with^S*. 77iariit?iia'L.Q.)

'The sea Onyone or purginge onyone plentifull in England
uppon the sea coastes.

It ys allso knowen, and to be bought at the Apothecaries only,
by the names of Scylla, squylla or sea onyone : very muche used
in phisicke. The syrupe thereof purgeth very well clammye, rawe,
flegme, yet not without suspicione of some daunger and paynes.
And therefore yt ys the better used in [? summer] tyme, when
all phisick muste be conveyed into our bodyes without ofl"ense of
taste, and worcke without sense of the least grypinge, or troble
that may, and muste be.'
169. [Error for 153.]

Ascalonites antiquorum. Shallot. Allium ascalonicuvi L.

' Ascalyones muche used by the poore husbandemen and
welsh men which love leeks wonderfull well. Theis rude people
which be acquaynted with thys harde hotte foode doe fynde noe
inconvenience therein, and the opinion of the very learned
alloweth the same for them to be right good and holesome that
the same allso ys to them meate and medicyne, because yt
norrisheth and so pryserueth them against all infectiones of the
hotte tyme of the somer when they doe moste use yt with cheese.
To those which seldome taaste theis hotter herbes they are con-
cluded to bee perilouse.'
^ John Symings, M.D. of Oxford, F.R.C.P. 1555 ; President of Coll. of
Physicians, 1569 and 1572; died at his house in Little St. Bartholomew's
Smithfield, 1588. (Munk, Roll R. C. P.)

S 2

26o

MOUNT

154. Shoeno prasson. Chive. Allium Schoenoprasum L.

' I tak theis to be set for ye Cyues.'
Porrum vulgare. Leek. Allium Porrum L.

* The vulgar Leeke (Sett).'

155. Porrum tonsile. Allium Porrum var.

'The unsett Leeke which they cutt to the potte.'
172. [Error for 156.]

Allium sylvestre tenuifolium. Crow garlick. Allium vineale L.

' Wylde garlyck.'

158. Allium. Allium sativuvi L

'Garlyck.'

159. Allium ursinum latifolium. Ramsons. Allium ursinum L.

' I thinck thys to be set for our Ramsynes, whereof there
groweth great plentye about fourde in Kent in Wrotham parishe,
and ys esteamyd very good against the stoane.'

228. Botrys. Chenopodium Boirys L.

' Oake of Jerusalem.

It heateth attenuateth diuideth or cutteth, openeth and purgeth.
Matthiolus.

It pryuayleth against all flegmatycke, mattered or putrified
affectiones of the breast, and lunges ; allso yt healpeth such as
consume, be trobled with shorte breathinge, and stuffinge or
makinge noyse in the breathinge pipes ; as well the herbe in the
decoctione of liquirishe druncke as the decoctione of the herbe
onlye, maney dayes taken with violate or Rosate honney.
Matthiolus lib. 3, cap. 119, fol. 852,

To suche as spytte mattered, humores, putrified, yt

marvelously pryuayleth which I my selfe can trewlye testifie.
The same author in the same place.'

229. Cichorium sativum, coeruleum. Cichorium Intybus L.

' Succorye well knowen.

' Amonge the residewe of suche as by my very long experience,
and certen credytt and fidelitie, have been prooued : I commende
the infusion of Rhewbarbe in Endyue water or Succorye water
against aney obstructiones or lingeringe agewes. For I neuer
sawe Agewe (by obstructione) not cured with this Remedie
if aney will continewe the use thereof. Because euen the most
thyck, clammye, cleaninge and stuffed, choakinge humores,
obstructiones allso, which by weaknes of naturell heats coulde not
be eased or removed : by the takinge and use of Rhewbarbe
I have seene cured. I have accustomed therefore to take a pynte
of Endyve water, wherein I infuse or steepe the weight of fyfteene
pence of fynelie slyced Rhewbarbe, tyed in a thynne woven lynnen
clothe. After every daye of the same infusione (ye Rhewbarbe
still beinge pressed or wringe into the same) fower ownces (which
ys about a dosen sponesfull) I geve in charge to be geven in ye
mornynges, and this ys the quantitie for childeren. Neither doe
I discontinewe the same, untill I see the obstructiones and Agewe
wholye gon and taken awaye. For without all doubt all wil be
safe, quickly removed, and health regayned yf all thinges be
herein well don, and convenient to the Cure. Montanus, libro
de Componendis medicamentis, Consilio pro puero ,
consilio quinto, fol. 105.'

MEDICINAL PLANTS, 1584

261

352. Isatis sylvestris Vaccaria dicta. Saponaria Vaccaria L.

' I sawe yt grow in the garden of the very honorable the Lord
Abergavenny, his garden in Kent a<^. 1584.'

[A casual introduction from Continent.]
374. Aloe. Sempervivum marinum. Aloesuccotrina\^dS[i.ox A, Perryi^dktx.

'Aloe or aloe succotrina best knowen by that name. To be
bought at th'apothecaries only : a singuler, good and very safe
purger. W. & L.

Amonge all other medicines the use of Aloe marvelous well
pleaseth me. Noe man nedeth to feare the heat thereof, euen
in the Somer tyme. Although the vulger phisiciones speake their
pleasure. Baptista Montanus, Veronensis, Consultat. xci. De
preservat. a calculo. The weight thereof is 3^^^ before supper
halfe one hower or lesse.'
396. Perfoliatum vulgatius, flore luteo, fo. umbilicato.

Hare's Ear. Bupleurum rotundifolium L.
' Thorowe waxe or Perfoliata. Is unto chylderen broken use to
give the seed hereof in mylke meates, allso the destilled water
thereof with good success. Tragus, fol. 484.'
438. Coronopus repens Ruellij & Cornu Cervi alterum vulgi.

Wart-cress. Coronopus Ruellii All.
' The Englyshe in moste places call this Swynes Cresses and not
Harteshornes in aneye place to my knowledge.'
459. Alsine, sive Hippia major. Stellaria aquatica Scop. (J.)

' The great Chyckweede.'

*0f Chyckweede thus writeth Lonicerus, foK 168. S. media L.

The distilled water of Chyckweede in virtew ys equall with
Purselane ; wyth wine or simple alone wythe good successe yt ys
geven to those which pyne, and waste with longe sycknesse.
Unto chylderen in immoderate and unnaturall heate yt ys good
to give because yt coaleth the inwarde heate and mitigateth or
quyte takethe awaye those terrible accidentes whiche chylderen
have by suche extreame heates as Crampes, palsies, tortures and
schreamynges, schrychynges, cryinges, startlinges, bowynges and
sudden bendinges sometymes forwardes sometymes backwarde
and suche like accidentes which chylderen be subject unto.
Lonicerus, fol^. 168^.

The decoction of Chyckweede or y© Decoctyone of the rootes
of great grasse or of purslane, or ye rootes of Male fearne with
spotted leaves aney one alone sodden in water with a lytle whyte
wyne or male or possit ale ys excellent in my proofs against ye
agew and worm in chylderen. Fiorananta lib". (Capricei medi-
cinali).'

474. Nummularia sive Centimorbia. Lysimachia Nummularia L.

* Herbe twopence (allso Woundeworte).

' In water w<^b suger, yt ys geuen againste the exulceratione of
the Breast and Lunges, yt helpeth the coughe and those which
hardely breathe. Chylderen which hardely receaue medicines
trobled with a drye coughe are cured herebye. Lonicerus, fol.
208. Tragus, allso, foR 808.'
529. Crista Galli Herbariorum.

Yellow Rattle. Rhinanthus Crista-galli L.
' Ratle grasse in meddowes very vulger.'

262

MOUNT

572. Digitalis purpurea. Digitalis purpurea L.

' Foxegloues.'

' Hereof Loniceros vvriteth fol. 74 that yt doth attenuate, dense,
purge, loase, cut flegme or grosse humores : and all virtewes and
qualities which Gentiane bathe, yt allso hathe.'
589. Tussilago, Farfara. Coltsfoot. Tussilago Farfara L.

' Foole foote, horse houe (loote leafe, the father before the
Sonne, coulte foote).

It may allso be called Coughe worte. It groweth moste in
wheate lande, and fallowed feildes. This shape aptlie agreeth
with the herbe when yt freshe springeth in March and Aprill.

Tragus colored hathe the herbe moste trewlie shewed, muche
better then this, the one syde hoarlye whyte next the grownde,
and the upper syde freshe grene ; the leaves then theis more
rownde. The roote medicinal against the coughe ; and imper-
fectiones of the lunges.'
594. Nymphaea lutea. Nymphaea lutea L.

* The Yellowe Nymphye or water lyllye.

The roote or seede of ether of theis Nymphies sodden in redde
wyne and drunck (noe remedie otherwyse healpinge) stayth y^
immoderate courses of women. Lonicerus, fol^. 177.'
622. Vitis alba, Bryonia. White Bryony. Bryonia dioica L.

' Herbe bryane, hedge vyne, agew roote, tetter burye roote,
and Bryonie. The great whyte roote.'

625. Vitis, vel Bryonia siluestris. Black Bryony. Tamus communis L.
' Blacke Bryonie, wylde vyne.'

625. Peruuiana Mechoaca Mechoacae Prouinciae planta Bryoniae similis.

Ipomaea Jalapa L.

' The Mechoane or Mecoacane : from the Indianes muche
used in Englande, a^ 1580, untill muche hurte ensewed ye
boulde undiscrete practize thereof ; beinge a simple not without
great daunger. Hereof Garzias ab Horto, and Monardus the
Spaniarde, allso Clusius have wryten. Soe maney other have don,
but none doe warraunt yt safe thoughe they commende yt in
some cases, beinge prescribed with the advyce of the learner, and
those which very well knowe its virtews and qualities thereof.

The best ys brought from ye Citie Mexicho : they have 2 sortes,
the one lesse daungerous then the other. In my opinione theis
2 doe resemble our 2 Bryonies, and of my mynde, I fynde
the moste learned of my tyme in Englande, allso diuerse out of
Germanye, and Fraunce icompe with us, the difference of Soyle
only cause the varietie of effectes in operations

The weight of 7^^ or a french crowne in houlder (?), drunck in
twelve sponisfull of seek, will aboundauntly purge bothe wayes in
common but in moste by stoale onlye. The rootes only ys used,
halfe soe muche of our Bryonie wyll worck wonders if it be prepared
specially, or simple of it selfe.'
693. Argentina, Potentilla. Silver weed. Potentilla Anserina L.

' Wylde Tansie. Anserina Tragi, foK 480.

The herb sodden in wyne redd or Whyte and drunck healpeth
those which have paine in their backes and torments there : allso
suche women as be trobled with their whytes immoderately this

PLANTS OF KENT 1582-4

263

herbe euen so used cureth : for it byndeth and strengtheneth as
Pimpinella Italica. Tragus, {oV\ 481.

The destined water thereof is very good to cure redd eyes.
Idem ibidem.

Against the Dysenterie and lienterie, which is the blooddie flix
and passinge of foode by stoal undigested and against all fluxes
and flixes this herbe is used in our adge. Idem, fol*^. 480.
Tragus estemeth it drye because it bindeth there.'
748. Pedicularis. L. 431.

Marsh Red-rattle. Lousewort. Pedicularis palustris L.
* Lowzye weede becaus the catle feadynge thereof will become
lowzye : thereof very muche groweth in black brookes in
Estmallinge in Kent.'
757. Capnos, Fumaria. Fumitory. Fiunaria officinalis L.

' Fumytarie ; the distilled water thereof wyth Tryacle before
the purgatione certaine dayes drunck ys very holesome for suche
as labor of the Frenche euyll. Because yt purgeth the infected
bloode. Lonicerus, fol^. 167. The same ys good against the
Plague and the desease called the Englishe sweate ; allso good
when aney shall purpose to Bathe and sweate. The same author
there.

The Decoctione thereof with Fennyll openeth the obstructiones
of the Lyuer and forceth oute the Jaundyce by uryne. The Juce
thereof and the roote of Esula, eche one drachme which ys in
weight 7^^ mixed and drunck with hott water dryueth ye Dropsie
and . . . (?). In same author, fol*^. 167.'
807. Asplenium. Scolopendria. Ceterach officinarum Willd.

' Splene worte. Yt groweth uppon the southwest ende of
Est Peckham churche in Kent : allso uppon ye Pallace walles in
Maydston, from where I did transferre y^ to my garden walle,
where it groweth. a^. 83.'
807. Lunaria racemosa. L. 470. Moon wort. Botrychium Lunaria Sw.

' I haue sene thys lunarie or Moneworte growe in black
heathe ; allso nere Saynt Margaretes, nere Rochester.'
810. Adianthum album et nigri Plinii. A. 361.

Wall Rue. Asplenium Ruta-murarta L.
'Thus wryteth Matthiolus of Ruta muraria in the chapter of
Paronichia.

Moreover this moueth uryne and grauell.'

Vol. II.

180. Rhamnus primus Diosc. creditus. L. 598.

Evidently intended for Sea-Buckthorn. Hippophae Rhamnoides L.

'This Rhamnus I founde betweene Douer and Foulkestone
by the sea syde under the Clyffes, a^. 1582, with reddish beries
Orenge colored.'

280. Cerefolium descriptum. Chervil. Anthriscus Cerefolium L.

'Cheruyle. It is used with meate as Perslye of a meane
temperature betwene hott and coulde ; But principally to force
out clotted or brused bloode " as it is called " the same herbe to
be of wonderfull efficacie certen sure experience hath approued.
Tragus, foK 472. The Juce of the herbe, the destilled water
allso, dissolueth the congealed blood of contusion, or strype, and
is of force against the stoane in the kydnes. Idem ibideip.'

264

SHANNE

viii. Richard Shanne, 1561-1627.

In the Goodyer MS. there is a note of the name of Richard
Shanne, at the head of a paper upon which are recorded
two localities for north country plants, but there is no further
indication as to who he might be.

Pyrola groweth in shadowed woods in Craven, in a place called Craggie
Close in Lanscale.

Monophyllon groweth in Lancasheir in Dingley wood and in Harwood neare
to Blackbume.

Both localities are given in Gerard.

During a visit to the British Museum in June last, a happy
chance made me acquainted with 'The Shanne Family Book'
(Addit. MS. 3^599. 17), from which I discovered that Richard
Shanne of Woodrowe was a considerable horticulturist, who was
living near Methley^ in Yorkshire in Goodyer's time, and who
certainly deserves to be better remembered. I have no doubt but
that he is the authority whose name is quoted by Goodyer. It is
not unlikely that Goodyer may have got into correspondence with
him through Walter Stonehouse, the friend of John Savile of
Methley, whose neighbour Shanne was.

Richard Shanne sonne and heire of William was borne the tenth of Auguste
beinge Thursdaie 1561 he maried Amy Burton daughter of Richard Burton
alias Carver the ix*^ daie of June 1588 and had issue by hir, Thomas. He
maried his second wife Marie Chamber . . .

This Richard was of reasonable tallness stright of bodie, he was somwhat
paile of complexion, his heire of his head mouse colored, he was verie light and
nimble of foote, his chefest delite was in plantinge and grafting all maner of
herbes & trees, and had growinge in his gardinge a great number of rare and
straunge plants, there was not allmost anie herbe growinge but he did knowe
the severall names therof, and the nature and opperation of the same, he did
practise both in phisicke and specially in Chirurgerie and did cure verie manie
daungerous wounds and ulcers. He made three bookes of the Nature and
operations of herbes and Trees and drew with his pen the trew picktures of
everie plante, set downe in what ground everie herbe and tree was to be found
and the tymes of their springinge, florishinge and sedinge. He planted three
Orchards of his owne, the first at the Mickletowne which he sett in anno
domine 1577. The Springe of Aspe trees he planted 1596. The Orchard at
the East more syde he planted in divers yeares, first in 1607 & 161 3 (?). The

^ Methley gardens should be famous in the history of horticulture. For at
Methley lived John Savile, the friend of Walter Stonehouse; there also in
Mr. Witham's garden, gold-streaked Pansies growing spontaneously ' mightily
beautifie the border of an hedge ' ; in the Wood-close flourished the Blush
coloured Bugle {Ajiiga reptans L.), and at no great distance grew Lunaria
minor in John Nun's cow-pasture. Witham's son contributed localities of some
Oxfordshire plants. Merrett, Pinax, pp. 17, 65, 74.

THE RUFF

265

Springe of Elme trees by the Moorsyd was planted in 1613. The little Orchard
in the end of the More house field he compassed about with quicksetts in
anno 161 6, and the trees was set in anno 16 17. He maid two large bookes
diologge wyse of Phisicke & Chirurgerie, He delited much in reding Granados
meditations, and was verie seldome scene in anie rude companie, but avoyded
companie as much as he could and took much pleasure to vvalke in woods and
to be solitarie. He lyved in the dales of Quene Elizabeth, Kynge James &
Kinge Charles when he was fiftie & nine yeares oulde he mayd a large booke of
prayers & meditations which he did drawe out of sondrie learned authors. The
meditations are of all the miseries of man from his verie birth unto the dale of
his death. Allso of the torments which the wicked do suffer in hell . . .

He died of consuming consumption at the age of six and three score wanting
one moneth. [ff. 83 v, 84.]

[His garden list is printed on p. 310.]

A most interesting extract from Shanne's diary was made by
Antony Wood when he consulted it in October 1674, by permission
of the then owner. It contains a most lifelike description of the
Ruff {Machetes pitgnax L.), a bird that was not described by
Turner in his book on Birds, so that Shanne's is probably the first
English description.

Anno 1588, there was taken at Crowley in Lincolnshire in the winter time
5 strange fowles of divers colours, having about their necks as it were great
monstrous ruffs, and had underneath those ruffs certaine quills to beare up the
same, in such a manner as our gallant dames have now of wier to beare up
their ruffs (which they call supporters). About their heads they had feathers
so curiously set togeather and frisled, altogeather like unto our nice gentle-
women who do curie and frisle their haire about their heads. Three of these
Strang fowles was brought into Sir Henrie Leese, and they would walk up and
doune the hall as if they were great states, and sometimes they v/ould stand
still and lay their heads together as if they were in a secret counsell. It made
the beholders to wonder therat. They cast them corne to eat, but they refused
to tast of any meat and so at length died. Mr. Richard Shann, of Wodrow in
Medley, Yorks., drew a picture of one of them which he placed in his herball.
Two men that had set lime twigs to catch birds withall did find them taken
therin. The like never seen or heard of before.

ix. John Parkinson, 1567-1650.

Several pages of notes in the Goodyer collection on American,
Bermudan, and Oriental plants are written in a hand that was at
first unknown to me, but which I have since been able to identify
beyond doubt as that of the well-known herbalist John Parkinson.
Certain of these notes are written on the back of a letter, every
word of which was so completely scribbled over as to be quite
unreadable. By slow and careful erasure with a sharp knife I
found it possible to remove sufficient of the ink-scrawling from the

266

PARKINSON

surface to bring into view the following letter, signed by him. It
is a unique possession, as being the only signed specimen of his
hand-writing known.

Parkinson.

To the worthy Gentlewoman

Mi-es Geeres Seal
geve these. ^ — ^

Good Mrs. Geeres, I hav by this messenger sent you the ij trees wherof
I tould when we were last together at yor howse. I brought them thither on
the Saterday you were so earnest with me to come to dinner where I thought
to have met with you, but missing you I carried them home again & laid them
in the ground wherin they have been safe without taking any harme. I do
also think that then you would have pleasure, and with that you promised &
have long expected it. I pray you doe not wearye me with deseyre which
is worse then denyall as you please appoint Mr. Codemer to doe it speedily.
So shall ever remaine,

Yors JOHN PARKINSON.

[MS. f. l68 v.]

A comparison of the text of several of the notes with passages
printed in the Theatriim in 1640 confirmed the view that they are
indeed the author's own notes, and were probably the actual notes
used by him in the preparation of his book. Some of them are

BACON'S HORTICULTURE

267

printed with the h"sts of exotic plants on p. 363. The following
horticultural notes were evidently extracted by Parkinson from
Francis Bacon's Nattirall Historie, Century v, 1627 ; but another
possibility should not be lost sight of, namely that Bacon may have
derived part of his horticultural knowledge from the distinguished
botanical writer who two years later dedicated his Paradistts m
Sole to Queen Henrietta Maria.

Notes 071 Hortictdttire by Parkinson.

The steepings of Wheate seede in horse dung, cowe dung, pigeon dung, urine,
chalke, bay salt, claret wine, soote, ashes, mahnesey, & spirite of wine : the
urine, soote, ashes, chalk & salt shooting within six dayes, the best & lustiest
of them was first from the urine, then dung, next chalke, then soote & then
ashes, & last the salt therewith wines not at all except the claret wine. [Bacon,
Sylv. sylv. § 402.]

The drawing of boughes of a tree or vine to the inside of a roome where fyre
is continually kept doth accelerate the fruite a moneth sooner. [§ 405.]

The removing of living plantes into new freshe & loose earth once in a yeare
doth accelerate & enlarge them. [§ 406.]

The grafting of Roses in Maye will cause them to beare flowers the same
yeare but late. [§ 418.] The binding also of the bark worketh the like effect.
[§ 419-] Grafting upon contrary stocks will never thrive long, as Peaches on
Cherryes etc., the cause is the cyon overruleth the stock quite, the stock is but
passive onely & giveth aliment but no motion to the graft. [§ 421.]

The laying of a heape of flinte or other stones about the roote of a wild tree
doth make it prosper twise as much as without them, because the stones retaine
moisture longer & not to be consumed so soone, it keepeth also the tree from
cold blastes & frosts & geveth more warmth at all tymes. [§ 422.]

To boare a hole in a tree that beareth not is usually done to cause it bearing ;
too much repletion may be the cause opprest with his sap. [§ 428.] As also
to cleave 2 or 3 of the cheife rootes & to put a peble into eache to keepe them
open for els they will close againe. [§ 429.]

To drawe the bough of a tree through a wall to the south sun hath been
practised by some to ripen the fruite the better, but it sorted not. [§ 431.]

It were good to trye whether a tree grafted lowe & the lower boughes
maintained, the upper ones being continually proined off, would not make
larger fruite. [§ 432.]

It is expected that trees will growe greater & beare better fruite if you putt
salt, lees of wine or blood to the roote which are more forcible. [§ 457.]

It is also delyvered before that if one take the bough of of a lowe fruit tree
newly budded & drawe it gently without hurting it into an earthen pot perforate
at the bottome & set in the slant & then cover the pot with earth, it will yield
a very large fruite within the ground, the like will be effected by an empty
pot without earth in it, put over a fruit propped up with a stake as it hangeth
on the tree, the pot being perforate to let in aire. [§ 470.] [MS. 11, f. 168]

On the same paper are several entertaining notes in Parkinson's
handwriting relating to Brazilian and Peruvian plants and their
'vertues'. '

268 PARKINSON'S MANUSCRIPTS

The Verities of some Exotic Plants.

Giniber is a tree growing in Brasill about Pernambuco, whose fruite is bigger
then those of an Orrenge, but of a darck greene colour from whence with one
kind may be crushed out a liquor very like both for colour and consistence
unto the whey of milke : this liquor or water hath such a qualitie that what
parte of the skin of the bodye be washed therwith it will colour it so black as
no black inck or dye can doe more & so likewise the haire in any parte of the
bodye, which colour will abide so strongly fixed therin for the space of eight
dayes that if all the remedies to whiten the partes againe were applied they
would be of none efect ; but of itselfe the colour will fade after that tyme & the
partes will become as white as they were before. This water is also as it issued
is of espetiall propertye to encrease haire. Other thinges this water doth
performe without the least daunger or harme.

The Brasilians have a familiar medicine that is common & well knowen to
most of them, beinge a most certaine remedye to staye or stanche the blood
that flowes from any part of man or woman.

This is made of a certaine herbe which groweth in the high & rockye
mountaines which therupon the Portugalls call Rais de serra that is Radix
montium, the Roote of the Mountains, because the roote onely of this herbe
hath that effect to staunche blood, the leaves herof are said to be Hke unto
Plantaine leaves & the roote unto a Cicharye roote both for forme and
colour which roote being a little burned in a cleane earthen pot or vessell &
afterwardes rubbed into partes & a scruple in weight taken fasting with
Plantaine or Rosmary doth most rertainely staye the fluxe of blood issuing
from any parte of the bodye. Petrus de Osma cited by Monardes testifyeth
the vertue that many herbes have that hidden propertye to stay bleeding by the
example of some Negros that constrayned through hunger to cut of the calves
of their legs to eate, & by layinge a leafe of a certaine greene herbe did whollye
staye the fluxe that not a droppe of blood was seene to be shed. [Cf. Park.
Theatr.

1 here is a certaine kinde of Rushe growing on the hilles in Peru, which they
there call Jeho or Yoha, very like onto the Spanish rushe called Spartum wherof
the fraile are made that they putt Raysins & figs ; & wherwith the metalline
bodyes are sooner melted by its flame than by much wood, & separated from the
Quicksilver that is put into them for that purpose. The fumes also of this
Rushe (a wonder to be spoken) taken under a Canopay or close covering,
causeth all the Quicksilver, that abideth in the bodies of those that have ben
annointed therewith to helpe the Frenche poxe, to sweale out of all partes of the
bodyes, without any maner of sense of paine.

Lakeka is a kind of gum gathered in Martaban in the East Indies, whose
propertye is to expell drunckeness if pieces therof being put on a thred or
stringe & wounde on the bare arme, so that whosoever shall drinck much &
strong wine shall not be overtaken therwith.

Lapis Lipis is a kinde of blew minerall stone found on the hills of Potosi
called Lipis of the citye neere them. And is of a transparent blew colour, very
hard to breake yet brought into small pieces, sharpe and bitinge in taste so that
being put to the tongue it will with the heate oxalegrate it, it is brought as
merchandise being cut into tablets & so sold : it is (saith Zacutus Lusitanus) so
like Anil Indica that a form of it might be taken for Indico & being made

EXOTIC PLANTS

269

into pouther & put . . . water will colour the water blew within an hour. All
fowle ulcers eyther of the mouth or privy partes of man or woman beinge washed
will presently cleanse them & take away or restrain their virulancye. 4 gr. in
p. to ^ij aq* rosaij. p hora.

Coque ... is a certaine tree well knownen to all in Brasill growing plentifully
in the woods about Pernambuco very like unto the Lentisk or Mastick tree
whose barck being boiled after a pound thereof hath ben cut small in 16 poundes
or pintes of water to the halfe, adding therto 3iij of allom in the boiling, wc^
when it is strained & setled will become of so pure a purple colour as if it
were made of ostrum or the purple fishe, or of the colour of the red Feild
Poppye. The face washed with this water besides that it coloureth the black
spotts in the face, it geveth to the face & lips so beautifull a Rose colour that it
would be a brave fucus for women : but this colour will not abide abov e eight
dayes although before that tyme it will not be blemished by many washings, but
after that tyme the colour fading it will change into a dark Rose colour and
after 4 dayes more will be quite consumed ; yet those black spots that were
in the face before will no more appear, but by using this water againe upon
the face etc the fresh colour will be apparant againe : If this barck were
brought us it would redound much to the good of women, who to beautifye
them selves with Arsenicum sublimatum, Cerussa, Camphire & other such
thinges doe exchange their good for wrinckles, fowle ulcers in their gums,
blacknes of teeth, rottennes and stincking of the breath.

The Cabbage Tree groweth to an incredible height neere unto 200 foote bare
without branches unto the very toppe as most of the kindes of Palme-trees doe,
where among the long leaves groweth this round heade or cabbage, to gett
which they usually cut downe the tree at the roote. The stemme or bodye
therof having not much above 2 inches thickness of wood, the rest being of
a pithy substance. From this tree likewise they drawe wine as from the Coco
& other Palmito trees by boring a hole & applying a tappe or other convenient
thing with a gourd or the like to receave the liquor that droppeth therfrom, &
in 12 howres will by droppes fill the vessel & so will it doe from tyme to tyme
by boring new holes one after another beginning above & so descending: what
fruite this tree doth beare, our men that have had the benefit herof were never
so wise or industrious to observe, feeding like swine on the mast but never
looking higher.

The water destilled in glasse vessels from Cloves while they are greene,
besides the excellent smell they yeld, it hath ben found by good experience not
onely to expell windye humours in the bodye, but that disease also called
Priapismus and that effectually. The like is thought may worke the destilled
water of the fresh flowers taken from the Cinamon trees or from the fresh
Cinamon itselfe.

The fruite or nutt called Cola growing in Guiney & like a chesnutt hath
ben often used and found very effectual for chapt lipps, and the descomities of
the skin, the itching of womans partes, the raggednes of the nailes, the rednes
of face, much Dickwek often castings, the falling of the haire, . . . and many
other diseases that proceed from the heate and distemper of the liver, as
also against fevers & burning agues, very profitable drincking some endive
water after it. The tree is like to the Chesnut tree & so is the nut both
for forme & greateness but of a pale reddish colour on the outside & a little
bitter in taste.

270

PARKINSON'S MANUSCRIPTS

Amivil with the Persians is a tree like to the Chesnut tree whose rootes the
deaper the better being tied about the neck or worne on the arme so that they
touch the flesh doe induce a mightye hatred for wine espetially to those that
are geven to love it much & be often drunck therewith. Gesner reciteth 2 espetiall
thinges available for that purpose, viz. a greane frog that is found often in the
springes of water put alive into wine & there suffocated. And an Eclosus
formed also in wines : this hath ben often urged so before, especially if
2 ounces of the blood of Gates (?) be put into 3 measures of wine. Opium also
is thought to performe the like cure & so be the more prone & strong to
venery.

[Written by John Parkinson on the back of his letter to Mrs. Geeres.
MS. f. 168 v.]

Among his other writings are Lists of Foreign plants, see
pp. 358-70 ; a List of 116 plants, including many bulbs (MS. 11,
f. 164), grouped under numbers ' 36 to 69 evidently referring to
plates in the Anthologia magna, 1626 ; a list of 48 plants (MS. 11,
f. 1 57 V.) described by Clusius in his Appendix altera ad Rariorum
Plantarmn Historian! , issued with the Exotica in 1605 ; two lists of
Evergreens,^ one headed Arbores sempervirentes foL 44 (MS. 11,
f. 156), the other headed Perpetna coma virentes variis provinciis
(f. 158 v.); and a brief note on plants used for tanning skins by
Mediterranean peoples.

Parkinson was appointed Apothecary to King James and also
King's Herbarist. He had a garden in Long Acre, where Goodyer
no doubt saw the many rare plants of which he has preserved a list.
The following account is in a hand that appears to me to be
Parkinson's : if so, it may refer to an accident to the wall of his
garden in Long Acre in 1636. A search for the workmen's names
in the local parish register might settle the question.

The charge of my outer wall blowen downe the 4*^ Novemb^" 1636.

M^ iiijs

Tho . . For \ daye |
John . . 2 dayes .

West . 2I

Christopher . 3 dayes .

Howse . \ daye .

The boye . 3I
Labourers :

Randel . 3 dayes .

Anthonye . a daye \

John . 6 dayes .

2 other labourers

xij^

vis

xxij^i

xviij*!

. vijs

^ It may be noted that at a somewhat later period Sir Richard Browne,
writing from Paris to Sir Edward Nicholas on 5 July 1658, states that he was
then at work on a Catalogue of evergreenes, but had lost the help of a Mr. Keipe,
who had left for England. He adds * Alaternes beare a graine like that of privet,
which beinge sowed comes nop and prospers without difficulty '.

\Camden Society, xxxi, p. 65, 1920.]

STONEHOUSE

271

Lyme 2 hundred ...... xiiij*

Brick 3 loade |- xviij^ iiij^i

Sand 5 loade x.^

Timber xx^

For watching xviij*^

Forfensing theother wall next the howse w*^ hordes ij^ besides the losse

in the hordes.
[MS.f. 154.]

X. Walter Stonehouse, 1597-1655.

An account of the manuscripts which led to the identification of
Mr. Walter Stonehouse the Botanist with the Rev. Walter Stonehouse
the Divine has recently appeared in the Journal of Botany for July
1920. As regards his biography it is known that he was a Londoner,
born in 1597, and a relative of Sir William Stonehouse, Bart., of
Radley. since he referred to Sir William's daughter, Mrs. Langton,
wife of the President of Magdalen College, as 'cousin'. He
came up to Oxford as one of the first Scholars of the newly
founded Wadham College. There, at the age of 16, he wrote
a Turcarnm Historia generalis in 213 pages. He took his B.A. on
25th Feb. 16 if , and came to Magdalen as a Fellow in 1617, filling the
office of Praelector in Logic in 1619-20. He remained in residence
for some years, preaching occasional sermons at the University

; Church and in the College, including the funeral sermon at President
Langton's funeral in 1626. The original MS. of the Statutes of

1 Eynsham Abbey, near Oxford, appears to have come into his
possession at this time, for in 162 1 he gave them to the Bodleian
Library. It is now numbered Bodl. MS. 435. In 1629 he took his
degree as Bachelor of Divinity and resigned his fellowship,

i probably on marriage, since his son Walter was born in the
following year. The University presented him to a rectory in

I the diocese of Canterbury, 7th March 163^, and it may have been
then that he made the acquaintance of Thomas Johnson, then
engaged on the description of his second botanical tour in Kent

[ (published 1632).

Stonehouse was presented to the rectory of Darfield by John

I Savile^ of Methley, who held him in great esteem. He became

[ a member of the literary circle of Sir J. Jackson of Hickleton, in

• ' which Lightfoot, Sir H. Wotton, and Bishop Morton were some-
I times found. With Laud he is remembered as being one of the

I first Englishmen to make a collection of coins and medals : these

j ^ The Saviles were connected with the Garths through the marriage c. 1578
I ! of Sir John Savile (1545-1607) with Jane, the daughter of Richard Garth,
\ see p. 237.

STONEHOUSE

eventually formed the basis of that department of the very curious
museum formed by Thoresby in his house at Leeds (see Hunter,
South Yorkshire).

In 1639 Thomas Johnson organized an expedition of the ' Socii
Itinerantes ' of the Pharmaceutical Society of London to the moun-
tains of North Wales : an account of the expedition is given in
his Mercurii Botanici pars altera (1641) reprinted in facsimile in
Opusctila omnia botanica Thomae Johnsoni edited by T. S. Ralph
(London, 1647). The constitution of this travelling club is thus
stated by Johnson in the preface to his Iter Plantai'um Investiga-
tionis ' susceptum a decern Sociis in Agrum Cantianum : Anno
Dom. 1629 and published in the same year : ' Paucis abhinc elapsis
annis, consuetudo vero laudibilis inter rei herbariae studiosus crevit,
bis aut saepius, quotannis triduum aut quadriduum iter Plantarum
investigationis ergo suscipere*. Stonehouse joined the party at
Chester, having spent the previous night at Stockport, where he had
not been favourably impressed with the inn. Their route took them
by Conway, Penmaenmawr, Bangor, and Carnarvon to Glynn-lhivona,
where they were the guests of Thomas Glynn, to whom Johnson
dedicated his account of the expedition. After discoursing on the
perils of climbing Snowdon, Johnson gives a list of the plants found
by the party. At Beaumaris they enjoyed the hospitality of Richard
Buckley, visited his vivarium, and collected seaweeds. They then
recrossed the straits to Lhan-lhechid, climbed Carnedh-lhewellyn in
a mist and in fear of nesting eagles, but saw little of botanical
interest. After a farewell visit to Glynn-lhivona, the party journeyed
to Harlech and Barmouth. Their homeward journey lay through
Merionethshire ; at Guerndee Stonehouse left them and went home
through Shropshire to Darfield. Here he remained for a time in
quiet enjoyment of his garden, to the Catalogue of which, drawn up
in 1640, reference has already been made ; some of the plants in
Johnson's list are included in the Catalogue, and were probably
obtained on the Welsh expedition.

About 1648 we learn from Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy that
Stonehouse was forcibly ejected from his living by the Parliamentary
Commissioners and imprisoned. On his return, probably in 1652,
his spirit as a horticulturist seems to have been broken, for he then
wrote in the Catalogue a pathetic note in Latin, to the effect that
but a few of his plants had survived — Novamque despero coloniam,
— 'I have no hope of a new colony'. After this he would appear
to have lived in London, to have made or renewed acquaintance
with the younger Tradescant, and to have written some intro-

ANAGRAMS

273

ductory verses to the Catalogue of Tradescant's Museum^ published
in 1656 :

To John Tradescant the youn-
ger, surviving.
Ana^r, :

John Tradescant.
Cannot hide Arts,

Heire of thy Fathers goods, and his good parts,

Which both preservest, and auginent'st his store.
Tracing th' ingenuous steps he trod before :

Proceed as thou begin'st, and win those hearts,

With gentle curt'sie, which admir'd his Arts,

Whilst thou conceal'st thine own, and do'st deplore
Thy want, compar'd with his, thou shew'st them more

Modesty clouds not worth ; but hate diverts,

And shames base envy, ARTS he CANNOT HIDE
That has them. Light through every chink is spy'd.

Nugas has ego, pessimus Poet a
Plantarum tamen, optimique ainici
Nusquani pessiimis aesthnator, egi,

GUALTERUS StONEHOUSUS.
Theologus servus natus.

By re-arranging the letters of John Tradescant's name he composed
the anagram Camiot hide Arts, and by a similar process his own
name, Gualterus Stonehousus, became Theologus servus natus —
words quoted by Macray, who, however, did not grasp their meaning,
as occurring on the title-page of a volume of his Sermons in
Magdalen College Library.

These verses, his only printed work, were not published until 1656,
the year after his death (probably in London) at the age of 58.

xi. Thomas Johnson, c. 1600-1644.

The outlines of the life of this distinguished botanist are well
known. Trained as an apothecary, with a business on Snow Hill,
he attained to be the best herbalist of his age in England and
a trusted physician. In 1643 the rank of Lieutenant-

Colonel to Sir Marmaduke Rawdon. During the siege of Basing
House he led several sorties with success. ' When a dangerous
piece of service was to be done, this doctor, who publickly pretended
not to valour, undertook and performed it.^ On one occasion he
had a hand to hand struggle with Capt. Clinson, but at last in the
affair of 14 Sept., he was shot in the shoulder, whereby contracting
a fever he died a fortnight after, his worth challenging funerall tears,

^ Fuller, Worthies, 1662, p. 204.
T

274

JOHNSON AND WOTTON

being no less eminent in the garrison for his valour and conduct as
a soldier than famous through the kingdom for his excellency as an
herbarist and physician.'

Johnson had a wide circle of friends and helpers in addition to
the socii itmerantes who took part in his botanical excursions.
Among others he mentions GEORGE BoWLES of Chiselhurst in
Kent ; SiR John Tunstal, gentleman usher to the Queen, owner
of a garden at Edgcomb, Surrey ; HuGH MORGAN, apothecary to
the Queen ; Robert Abbot of Hatfield, a learned preacher ;
John Redman, ' a skilful herbarist ' of the north of England. The
manner in which his friends used to make use of his services is
shown by a letter that is still extant from the Provost of Eton,
Sir Henry Wotton.^

To my very loving and learned friend Mr. Johnson, apothecary, at his house
on Snowe Hill, London.

2nd of July 1637.

My Good Friend Mr. Johnson,

I have addressed this my servant unto you at the present with two or
three requests. First, that you would direct him where he may buy one of your
Gerrards, well and strongly bound ; next, where I may have for my money all
kinds of coloured pinks to set in a quarter of my garden, or any such flowers as
perfume the air. Thirdly, I pray let me consult you whether you know any sick
of that fastidious infirmity, which they call melancholia hypochondriacal where-
with I have been troubled of late, but more with a symptom very frequent in that
passion (as the great Fernelius describes it) . . .

Henry Wotton.

Johnson's early death was a great blow to Goodyer. In his will
(P. C. C. ii4Twisse) dated 11 May 1635 he described himself as Citizen and
Barber surgeon of London. He left legacies to his aunt, Mary Cave, 5s., to
William Parker 40s., to Eliz. Parker 50s., to Richard Parker, son of Wm. P., ^5
to set him forth to prentice, and to his wife Alice Johnson, his sole exor., the
residue of his estate. The will, witnessed by W. Parker and Mary Vudell, was
proved in July 1647.

1 Sir Henry Wotton (i 568-1 639) of New College, Queen's, and Eton,
diplomatist and poet, is best remembered by his exquisite poem The Character
of a Happy Life. His letters allude to contributions to English horticulture
during the second tenure of his office as Ambassador at Venice. They mention :

' Seeds ?ind roots and slips of rare flowers and plants ' to Sir R. Winwood.
Oct. 1616.

' The most excellent choice of those seeds which his Majesty desireth ' to

James L Dec. 1621.
'More melon seeds of all sorts ' to James L Dec. 1622.

*Finocchio' or Italian Fennell (with full directions for cooking and eating) to
Tradescant. Probably about the same time, but not recorded until 1656.
Parkinson, Paradisns.
To James he wrote that he intended to examine some of the best hortohmi oi
Chioggia and other places about the manner of cultivation. He was in close
correspondence with Lord Zouch, and may have also sent plants to the Hackney
garden. Pearsall Smith, Wotton.

Glycyrhiza

5 J

Glycyrrhiza.

))

audeo

))

ausim.

possum

possim.

est

sit.

investigemur

investigemus

possumus

possimus.

potuimus

potuerimus.

FLORA OF KENT 275

The intimate relations between Johnson and Goodyer at the time
when the former was preparing his second edition of Gerard's
Herbal^ have often been alluded to. The Goodyer MSS. throw
further light on their intercourse by providing us with a detailed
list of the plant-descriptions which Goodyer lent to Johnson and
subsequently received back again with the printers' marks upon
them.

The copy of Johnson's Iter Plantartim in agriim Cantiamnn^
1629, in the Magdalen Library, appears to have been a presentation
copy to Go6dyer. It is of historical importance as being the first
English local catalogue, and is marked with the following corrections
by the author (?).

p. 3, 1. 30 for festinante read festinantibus.

4,
6,
6,
7,
9,

II, 31 Ki^^x Androsaemutn qtiorundLWi 2.A(i Park-leaves,
13, 3 „ sit „ quod.

At the end Goodyer has added the following list of plants :

Solanum lethale. Tricomanes seu Capillus Veneris verus.

Helicacabus. Dryopteris.

Viburnum. Alleluia.

Antirrhinum minus. Epicrion.

Mille grana minima. ^ Alchimilla

Centaurium fl: albis. Sanicula.

Lysimachia lutea. Acer minor.

Alsine serpilli folio. Betulus.

Osmunda regalis. Calamintha agre: Belgarum.

Eupatorium Can: mas et femin: Petasites.

Angelica sylvest: Gramen Bufonium.

Herba paris. Cynocrambe.

Eleborine. Allium ursinum.

Aleca. Xyris.

Spergula altera flo: purp. minor. Rhamnus catharticus.

Ascyrum supinum hirsutum. Rubia flo: carneo angustifolia.

„ palustre rotundifolium. flo: rubello.

Pentaphyllum supinum tormentillae Chamaepitys.

facie. Aphaca.

The copy of the 1632 edition of the same work appears to have

been the author's own copy with his MS. index, afterwards extended
by How and used in the preparation of his Phytologia (1650).

^ A presentation copy of this book to the Apothecaries Company was the first
contribution to their Library. With their other books it was probably burnt
in the Great Fire of London.

T 2

276

HOW

xii. William How, 1619-1656.

(See p. 251.)

How's botanical reputation rests upon his Phytologia Britannica
natales exhibens indigenarum Stirpium spo7ite emergentium^ the
book in which for the first time all the known plants of Britain were
garnered together with their localities. He was a Master of Arts
of five years' standing of St. John's College, Oxford, and his list
comprising 1,220 plants is a memorable achievement for the time.
Apparently owing to his private means being insufficient to permit
of much travelling, he had to rely upon information sent by other
botanists, with the result, as Ray pointed out, that many exotics and
garden-escapes got included in his lists. ' The rare plants were
almost wholly communicated by his friends, Mr. Stonehouse,
Dr. Bowles, Mr. Heaton, Mr. Loggins, Mr. Goodyer and others, and
he drew some from a MS. of Dr. Johnson.'

Goodyer may have become personally acquainted with How at
Oxford, and in any case they were in close correspondence both
before and after 1650 when How was living in London, either in
St. Lawrence Lane or in Milk Street.

The newly discovered writings of How appear to belong to the
periods immediately preceding and following the publication of the
Phytologia Britannica. Though not extensive, they throw valuable
light on his relations with contemporary botanists ; and if his notes
be somewhat slipshod, we must remember that they were not
intended for our perusal, and that he had but recently done duty
as Captain of a troop of horse in the King's army.

First in time and in importance are his list of plants and notes
written at the end of what I believe to have been Johnson's own copy
of his Descriptio Itineris . . . in agrum Cantiannm, A.D. 1632, with
MS. index. This may have come into How's possession after the
death of Johnson in 1644. He supplemented it with a further list
of indigenous plants from the Herbals of Gerard and Parkinson and
from other sources ; and then no doubt he developed the idea of
including all British plants in one comprehensive, alphabetical list.
A few rough notes on the last pages almost certainly refer to his
programme of work, but as they are mostly crossed out with ink
lines, it is impossible to give a complete transcript of them. The
meaning of such remarks as ' Review both ye Herballs againe and
take all ', is clear, and the references to persons may be of historical
importance. The names mentioned I believe to be those of
T. Johnson, Parkinson, the Rev. Walter Stonehouse then exiled from
his Darfield living, Bobart of Oxford, Leonard Buckner and Edward

^l&'l'^^i^^'^^'. /^;^'.r^wrtr-..^t7^.V jf'^'<^^'^'f^^'''^^^^ .

OBLITKRATKD T.KTTKR BY JOHN PARKINSON

It M

Johnson's Index \ How's ^ additionated j^lants

FIRST DRAFT OF A BRITISH FLORA BY HOW
MS. additions to Johnson s Descriptio Itincris in Agnim Cantiannm, l6j2

THE FIRST BRITISH FLORA 277

Morgan of Westminster. His notes for planning his work, such as
' Remember ye English names to bee last placed ' Remember to
give ye proper name in Latin of ye place where each plant
flourisheth &c., have the appearance of being the advice of some
botanical friend of experience.

The following extract gives an idea of his controversial style
of writing :

Anchusa Alcibiadion "Xyxufrn- Fucus herba. Onocleia.
Buglossa Hispanica, Red Alkanet, crescit isola Thanet.

X Ger. ema. : I doubt whether our author found any of these in the
place here set downe, for I have sought it but failed of finding ; yet if he
found any it was only the first described, for I think the other three are
strangers.

X Our Johnson uses not his usuall charges for heere hee gooes about
to confute with a 'for-I-thinke and seconds it with as good an argument
from an Hypothesis (if hee found any, it was onely ye first), and why not as
well ye other three, since hee confesses afterwards in both his Catalogues
ye Anchusa minor, ye 3^'^ of these, to bee our countrey plant.

Anchusa lutea. Yellow Alkanet.

[How MS. in Johnson's Desc. Itin. Cant. 1632, f. 6 v.]

At the end of the volume are the following memoranda, but so
dreadfully scored over as to be almost illegible :

Qu. whether some plants which are given by Johnson in his Itineraries to

bee non descript., are not described by Parkinson ?
Putt him nondes nere ye additionated plants and ye and see whether

they be contained (?) in Mr. Holybyn's Catalogue.

montanum sylvestre Anglicum ut agagua CI

Remember ye English names to bee last placed. Consult how many plants

wee have added in our treatise by telling ye old, ye remainder, ij ye

number.

Mr. Holloway hath Stonhous papers manuscript.
To all Johnsons new plants, put Jonh. MS.

Remember to ye plants to put their titles, as Bowie, M^'. M, and So

every man's name to his plant.
Remember to give ye proper name in Latin of ye place where each plant

flourisheth, and to bee carefull to f . . . .
Review ye spelling of names of Townes by Cambden's Brittan :
vid. 2 Eriffe.

[i. Wulwich] .... Kent
[2. Eryth]^ .... Oxfords

^ In Johnson's writing.

Review both ye Herballs againe and take all. Remember to insert againe
Apiuin sylvestre. See whether you putt downe ye Aristolochia. . . .

Anonis you must adde to Anonis 3 more Auricula muris repens

. . . Auricula see w*^^ of them growe wild. Birds' eyes, see them — none
wilde.

278 HOW

Remember to insert Jonhsons (szc) Author (?) nere Parkinson*s ....
Borrowe a Coopers Dictionary. English Catalogue.

Asarina

Consult ye place amicorum benevolentia.

[4 lines illegible.]

Send to Bobert about ye Millegrana non descr. whether to Gr. d. E. . . .

Remember Mr Bucner to send for ye Bupleur and Caucalis. Send to
Dr. Browne and asist Mr

Abrotanum non antea repertum in descript. Then each plant's place

of and ye places you have found out, faithfully dealt all ye

English fruites which are not described, ye pharmacutists about such
as Bedaguar Fungus sambucinus met of ye Parson of St. James.
Ubi sativus inveni vulg sativus.

Observe ye same letters in our printed peece as there is in ye Welsh Cata-
logue. Those which have . . .

Send to Stonehouse. Consult Morgan about Orchis. Mr. Crosse.

Reade ye Catalogue Epistle onlye .... all plants yt are to be blotted out
better be done on ye former Catalogue, because they are worse described
there. [How MS. at end of Johnson's Desc. Itin. Cant. 1632.]

How published his Phytologia in 1650: though anonymous it
must at once have made his reputation as a botanist, and have
brought him into correspondence with other plant-lovers who sent
memoranda of plants which he had omitted. The names of these
he entered in an interleaved copy of his book which he kept care-
fully corrected with a view to a revised and enlarged edition.
Among those who gave him valuable help were Goodyer, Browne,
and Hunnibon,^ and he for the first time had the advantage of
looking through the manuscripts of Lobel and of Dr. Penny. That
Goodyer put his knowledge freely at the service of all true workers
alike, is proved by the fact that at this time he was also assisting
another person, believed to have been Dr. Dale, in the compilation
of a very similar Catalogue of British Plants. That the idea of
a complete British Flora was very much to the fore in Goodyer's
mind is proved by his communications to How (MS. 18), by his
abstracts from the Phytologia (MS. ff. 33-7), by the Dale (?)-Goodyer
Catalogue of British Pla^tts (MSS. 8 and 9), and by his Index to
the English plants localized in Gerard's Herbal (MS. 16).

Further information concerning How's activities in the period
immediately following the issue of the Phytologia is contained on
a small scrap of paper measuring 3x4 inches, with his memoranda,
characteristically struck out.

^ ' Dr. How had 2 Apothecaries to help him in composing y® Phytologia
brittanica' John Ward's Diary. Perhaps Hunnibon was one of them.

PHYTOLOGIA BRITANNICA

279

My Ld. Hatton's letters with seeds. Morines plants. Dr. Morisons 2 Corre-
spondence. Exper: Phy: Brit: Deliver Anderson's letter. (2^. way of Corre-
spondence. Goades buisinesse (.'').

Sends Ld. L. at Tibr: All maner of seeds

Monday Committee what plants you think you

Kay pro horse, Statim. Dubble flourd Apple

Proyne Wild, Anderson Phyt. Str. 111. Black Cherry

pro Stone, Sedum maius arborescens

Ye preparacon of sublimatum Cu- Jasminum Indicum luteum

pum vide ye Paper. Seeds sent by Phyllitis multifida foliis crispis

Cadell dead since in these partes,

which I hope you have. i^.. Letter in Milk Street finds mee

Parthenium
Lilac

Answere both Dr. Morisons letters
have

I have all Plant bookes for dressing Pinax, what bookes I am about.

[How MS. bound with Goodyer MS. il, f. 169.]

Dr. MORLSON was at this time abroad in charge of the Duke of
Orleans' garden at Blois. Full of energy and enthusiasm for his
subject, he wrote to How about the Phytologia, and sent him
a pressing request for a number of plants which we have printed on
p. 355. If How ever executed the order, some of the additions then
made to the Duke's garden should appear in the Catalogues ^ that
were printed in 1653 and 1669.

Lord Hatton transmitted his interest in Botany to his son
Charles, who acquired the Boccone MSS. that were edited by
Morison in 1674.

MORINE may have been the ' ordinary gardener ' of Paris who
became ' one of the most skilful and curious persons in France. . . .
His garden is of an exact oval figure, planted with cypress cut flat
& set as even as a wall : the tulips, anemones, ranunculuses, crocuses,
etc., are held to be of the rarest, and draw all the admirers of that
kind to his house during the season '.^

MS, Additions by How to his copy of the ' Phytologia Britanntca \
Between i6jo and i6j6,

A certain number of the plant-names and notes that How wrote
in his interleaved Phytologia have been quoted by Druce and others.
They are of sufficient historical importance to be worth printing in
full — or at least as far as they are legible.

* Brunyer, Hortits Blesensis, 1653 ; Morison, Hortus Regius Blesensis, 1669.
^ Evelyn, Diary, 2 April 1644. The plants that Tradescant had from him in
1 63 1 are noted on p. 331.

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

Hows MS, notes on f. i.

Plantae in aspectu in convictu nobis, semperque ad manum, nec

fuga, nec ullis proripiuntur latibulis.
Universus fere ager amoenissimum viridarium.

Rariores quaedam et nondum quoad sciam exhibitae, ac a me
observatae cum suis descriptionibus plantae commemorantur, ut
quae adhuc laterent publico vix donarem, et ut quisque de iis,
earumque facultatibus apptius indicaret.
Denique suas cuique plantae vires aut proprietates quam brevi ac
dilucide fieri potuit annexi nec quisquam sibi nomina varietati
tanquam labyrintho incumberet sed cum iisdem facultates etiam
exploratas haberet.

Vid. Phyt. Pion 4*^
Gaine I was for Goodyers Plants and des[criptions] : ye like for
Brownes, Lobells [and Pennyes MS. w*=^ review for names etc.
{erased)].

Insert fig: iterum in Desc[ript!ones].
Herbidos campos perlustratur.
Hanc nostratem ^AvroKpar avrapKLav Botanicae.
Vid. Epis. alt. libr : ad Coll. Med.

Cynoglossum flora albo neere Redding.

Arctium montanum et Lappa minor Gal. Lob. Button burr. Man-
gersfield in Mr. Langlyes yard, ill left out in yore Catal.

Acinos Anglica flora albo in Salisbury faild neere Basing stoake.
D. Dale.

Varbascum syl: siva 4. Math: groweth naturaly about ye seate of

S*" Th: Hanson called Toplow neere Maydenhead.
Erica tenuifolia caliculata, Ger: hirsuta Anglica, Bauh: ericeto Hamste-

diano.

Cardamine maior flora albo.
Bugula flora carneo.
Urtica foliis variegatis.

Speculum veneris maius in a ditch adioyning to St. Georges feildes.
Primula veris flore pleno viridi ) p r -i
„ ,, sive Paralysis fatuaj * ^ Jj
Arum non maculatum, Park.
Arundo anglica multifida, Park.
Malva syl: flora albo, Morg.

Millefolium pennatum, Bauh. neere Cambridge,

Ballote flore albo neere [Cholsy erased] at Tadenham ye south side

of Mr. Crofts house Warwickshire.
Filago minor, Lob: neere Petersfield.
[Holosteum non descr. ? ye place Goodyer {erased).]
Alsine aquatica Portulacae fac: left out.

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

281

Hieratium montanum at Mangersfield in Mr. Langtons yard

Cannabis spuria altera flore purpureo. i Cat.

Saxifraga antiquorum, not inserted.

Absinthium marinum spica erecta.

[Bellis flore herbaceo globoso non descr., M. (erased).]

Foeniculum at Rie — Leucoii folii. Qu. D.

Primula veris polyanthos, M. at great Wulford Wood.

Agrifolium folio variegato Hampsted and in ye North.

Serpillum magnum latifolium neere [Sr. W. Walters Oxfordshire erased]

at Sarsden betweene ye house and ye pond garden of Sr. W. Walter.
Geranium columbinum flore albo.

Carduus vulgatissimus fl. albo in little Wulford field, Warwickshire.
Geranium Rupertianum flore albo in a close betweene little Wulford

and Bacton, Warwickshire.
Perfol: purp. vulg. fl. albo by Whichford wood, Warwickshire.
Consolida maior fl. cinericeo. Redding.
Chamomelum nudum bullato flore. Tuthill feildes.
Peryclymenum dissectis foliis. St. John Wood.
Lamium elegans fl. lut. foliis variegatis neere Wulwich.
Tubera terrae.

Polium montanum neere Maidstone.
Lamium rubrum pumilum.

Lamium rubrum non serratum. Qu, an diff: a. i

Lamium rubrum foliis variegatis.

Beta marina neere Lewis.

Tapsus barbatus fl. albo at Weston.

jFo/w 2

Carduus lanceolatus fl. alb., M. St. James.
Rosmarinum syl. minus nostras, Park.
Scabiosa ovilla flore albo., M.
Sideritis hederulae fol., Park,
Senecio foliis variegatis.
Typha. ) ^

Senecio sentilis ? (
Vicia bisiliq. Qu. G.

Alsine {Qu. Holilas sen) minor. Androsace alterius Mathioli facie, Bauh
Prod.

[Found by Mr. Halilah, Apothecary, in Lincolnshire. Merret, Finax.]

G. spartium capillaceo folio minimum, Ger. em. Ericet: Hamp:

Quercus lapidea, Lithoxylum, Ligna lapidea. Ad. Lob.

Sium maius angustifolium.

Serpillum vulgare flore albo.

Nymphaea lutea minor flore parvo, Catal. i.

Pulegium regium vulg. maius, Park.

282

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

Lychnis minor Anglica, Park.

Atriplex syl. Halimi fol., eiusd.

Pilosella minima, eiusd.

Muscus ex cranio humane.

Caucalis Anglica fl. rubente, Park. 919.^

Pimpinella saxifraga minor nostras, eiusd. 946.

[Genista spinosa minor, Park, {erased).]

Rubus saxatilis Alpinus.

Lotus corniculatus frutescens, P. 1102.

Lotus corniculatus minor pilosus, ibid.

Hordeum spontaneum elatius, sive maius, P. 1147.

G. bromoides maximum hirtum, 11 49.

G. avenaceum pratense, ibid.

G. bromoides segetum latiore panicula, ibid.

G. avenaceum murorum erectum, ibid.

G. avenaceum supinum arvense.

G. avenac: sup: flosculis secalinis, ibid.

G. avenaceum exile moUicellis foliis, ibid. All theese oaten grasses
grow in ye feildes of this land according to Park. ; bold assertions yett
hee has no such warrant from Lob. 111., from whence hee gathered
them for rendring this exile moUicellis foliis spontaneall.

G. arundinaceum panicula miliacea, 1153.

G. montanum panicula miliacea sparsa, 50 in Prod., G. miliaceum alterum,
P. 1 1 53, sine Ic.

G. arund: Sorghi panicula sparsa, 52 Prod., G. Sorghinum alterum,

P. 1 153, sine Ic.
G. paniceum syl. Anglicum, P. 1155, sine Ic.
G. cristatum Anglicum, P. 1156, cristatum Britannicum, L. S. 111.'^
G. cristatum spica multiplici, P. 1160.
Phalaris pratensis maior, P. 11 64.

G. alopecuroides cuspidatum maximum Anglicum, P. 1167, L. S. 111.
G. alop: spica aspera brevi, et longa, P. 1169.
G. alopec: cuspidatum minus et minimum, ibid.

G. cyperoides Anglicum parum lanosum maius et minus, P. 11 72, neere

High gate. ? L. S. 111. 2 variet.
G. iunceum medium et minus, P. 11 90, in ye woode neere highgate,

? L. S. 111.

Juncus capitulis equiseti alter, P. 1195, L. S. 111.
Juncellus capitulis equiseti fluitans, P. 1196.
Spartum minimum Anglicum, P. 1199.
Equisetum omnium minus tenuifolium, P. 1201.

Anagallis aq:, sive Becabunga maior, P. 1237. An: aq: ma: fol. subrot.
Bauh.

* These references are to Parkinson, Theatrtim Botanicum^ 1640.
Lobel, Stirpium Illustrationes.

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

283

Sagittaria minor angustifolia, P. 1246.

G. Arundin: sericea molliore spica, P. 1273, L. S. 111. 45.

G. maritimum vulgato canario simile, P. 1278, L. S. III. 24.

Muscus arboreus nodosus, sive geniculatus, P. 131 1.

Muscus aridus crustatus, P. 13 13, vid. loc. Bauh. Pin.

Fungus Cambro-Brit. Corallii rub. colore multis lineis nigricantibus

maculisque luteis orbiculatis insignibus, P. 1221.
Fungus parvus nigricans crenatus, P. 1322, about Hackney.
Fungus cinarae formae, P. 1224, at Ripton neere Ashford in Kent.
Acer montanum, P. 1426.
Primula veris Raii, M. Qu. loc.

Quercus natalitiis Dni virens, ye Christmas greene oake, P. 1646,

neere ye Castle of Malwood Hampshire, Kg. J. went to visit and

caused it to bee paled about.
Glycirrhiza syl: alt: fl: puniceis fol. Arachi, Glaux quaedam leguminosa

herbariorum Adv: Bauh. Hist. PI. I. 17 juxta agrorum viarumque

margines obviam sese dat in Anglia,
Hieracium Chondrillae fol. glabrum, Bauh. Hier. 5, sive Aphacoides, Tab.

Ger.

Ulmus foliis luteis at Fulham.

Hieracium Alpinum asperum Conyzae facie Bauh. Hierac. Brit., vel 4 Clus.
Pan. et Hist. H. latif: mont: Genevense fol. long: maior: Monsp.
J. B. H. P. 1. 24, p. 1026. Borealibus Britanniae regionibus sponte
crescit.

Lychnis syl: foliis variegatis fl. albo. Qu. M.
Virga aurea subrotundo fol. in Surry.

Ascyrum, sive Hypericum bifolium glabrum non perforatum, Bauh.

Hypericum in dumetis, nascens i Trag: Hyper. Ascyron dictum,

caule quadrangulo J. B. H. P. I. 29, p. 382, ic. ib.
Androsemon, Tur. In vinario sionis saepe observavit.
Gentianella brevi fol., Bauh: non procul Douera.
Anchusa Echii foliis et floribus, Bauh: arvis argillosis.
Anthyllis chamaepityides frutescens, Bauh.

Paralysis inodora calycibus dissectis, Raii: not farre from Kynlett ^ in

Worcestershire: P. Par.
Euphrasia coerulea not far from Canterbury, Mr. Hunnibon.
Pseudonarc. fl. plen. Ger. Angl. fl. plen. P. P. ser.

Serpillum foetidum Goodyeri, on ye chalkie downes 2 or 3 miles from
Petersfield.

Papaver cornutum flore phoeniceo. Adv. 241.

Gentianella brevi fol: Bauh., minima L. ob. copiose provenit Angliae
septentrionalis coUibus.

^ Probably Kinlet in Shropshire near Cleobury Mortimer, about a mile from
the Worcester border (T.R.G.-P.).

284

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

Mollugo mont. angustif: B: vulgatior Herbariorum. L. Ob.
Corallina fruticosa purpurea, B: rubens Antiphatis faire, L. Ob.
Imperatoria Ad. Lob: Tab. Ger: about Morpeth in ye north parke,
Tur. p. 37.

Ribesium fructu rubro Dod: Ribes Fuch. Turn: by a water's side at

Clover in Somersetsh:
Cyclamen in ye west country of Engl: Turn: in his booke intituled Ye

names of Herbes.
Jacobaea montana neere Lewis.
Hieracium lonchites, Bauh. B. Plants.

Lactuca agnina rosea, neere red Morly.
Capillus veneris verus, neere Lydberry.
Cynoglossum fl. carneo, neere Bath.
Alsine foliis Trissaginis variat fl. albo.
Chamaedris syl: variat. fl. albo.
Sedum aestivum minus.
Plantago latifolia serrata.

Folio 3.

Lagopus maximus fl. rubro, P. nere red Morley.

Ranunculus fl: lut: galericulato, at Yatton.

Geranium batrachoides fl. variegato, neere Kidermaster Pitts.

2. Pin: Gentiana maior ii Clus: fl: coeruleo neere Bath.

Artemisia foliis variegatis neere Alchurch.

Anagallis maxima latifolia neere Lidborough.

Cracca minima variat. flore albo.

Ascyrum maius neere Worcester.

Muscus stellatus roseus, Bauh: Park. neere red Morly.

Daucus proliferus, Qu. lo: Jolyfl".

Verbascum nigr. salvifol: purp. fl. Adv: 241. ii et nigrum latifolium luteum
eiusd. 242.

Juncus capitulo lanuginoso, sive Schoenolaguros, in Prod: Juncus Alpinus
cum Cauda Leporina. J. B. H. P. Moss crops. In ericetis nudis,
Cambro-Britann. et Comit: Salop.

e Lob. MS.

Equisetum minus omnium tenuifolium.
Synanchia altera Angliae, sive minor.

Rapistrum aliud syl. non bulbosum, P. 862. Rapistrum fl. lut. alterum
L. S. 111.

Cardamine alpina sive media, vid. Clus: cxxviii.
Thlaspi alterum siliquosum.

Planta juxta Heigate reperta, vid. nom. in Pin. Bauh.
Sonchus laevis alter Danicus aut Anglicus folio profundis laciniis sinuato
fl. lut.

Hier: alt: fol. obtuse laciniatis fibrosa radice, Qu. MS. L. S. 111.

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

285

Brassica marina folio suaverubente, L. S. 111.
Beta maritima syl. spontanea eiusque varietates.
Beta maritima syl: minor.

Atriplex maritima altera Osyridis aut Scopariae fol., sive minima.

Atripl. maritim. angustifol: 2 et 3.

Limonium medium Anglicum.

Hellebor. 2 Clus. sterilis planta.

Campanula coerulea supina.

Lychnis arvensis anglica.

Pulegium vulg: maius minus repens cubitalis altitudinis.

Scabiosa montana minor capitulo squarroso, Bauh. Pin. 270, in collibus

Kantii non procul Kingshey.
G. vulgatiss: pratense elatius tertium.

G. ruderum etiamque arvorum, L. S. 111. 6, multis locis Ag. Lond.
gaudet.

G. quoddam modo supinum vulg: latiusculo binum et ternum unciarum

complicato folio.
G. maritimum vulgatissimo pratensi gramini congener aut str.
G. marit. alt. sive 2 elatius.

G. marit. 3 vulgari str., supinum, exigua avenacea gluma.
G. dulce udorum, vid. Bauh. pag. 2, Gr. vi.
Gr. minimum Anglo-Brittan.

Folio 4.

Gr. exile vicinorum maris aggerum, P. 1278, numerosa gracillimorum latius-

culorum uncialium foliorum sobole.
Gr. omnium minimum, Anglo-Britan. alterum.
G. aquat. longius radicatum spicata avenacea gluma.
G. tenuifol. exile Britan: ex genere Xerampelini graminis
G. maritimum Vectis Insulae Anglo-Britt.

G. cuspid: tenui torosa villosa spicata gluma, Panici granulis prodita.

G. phalaroides tremulum max: comosa elegantius gluma provenit in

quibusdam collibus Britan.
G. tremulum minus alterum Aquitanicum et Anglicum.
G. hirsutum nemorum latioribus maioribusque foliis praecox vernum.
G. hirsutum sive exile ferrugineum.

G. Anglo-Britan: exilis hirsuti graminis differentia Boelii.
G. cyperoides aculeatum, sive . . (?) natum aquaticum alterum.
G. cyp: minimum panicula subflava. Lob. Ad: part. 2.
G. cyp: minimum nigricante panicula. Lob. Ad. p. 2, nullis uliginosis
pratis Anglo-Br.

G. cyp: palustre longius spicatum Anglo-Brit: acerosum et echinatum.

G. cyp: minimum Boel: tenuifol: puis percaulem dissectis torulis. Provenit

in Angl.-Britt.
G. cyp: sparsa panicula altae portae ( = Highgate).

286

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

G. cyp: aquat: tenui, triquetro, longoque caule, meduUoso, junceo, bicubi-

tali altioreque caule.
G. cyp. comosa torulis distincta sparsa panicula palustre. Anglo-Britan.
G. cyp. eleganti multifera congesta spica. Anglo-Britt.
G. cyp. sylvarum tenuius spicatum.

G. cyp: gracile alterum glomeratis torulis, spatio distantibus.

G. iuncoides alterum minus granatum, comitat: Kantii.

Gramines parvus gracilis Juncellus Altae Portae.

G. iuncoides tenuissimum subfuscis torulis apiculis carentibus proditum.

G. iunc: minimum An.-Britt. Holosteo Math: congener, aut Bufonis

gramini Flandrico et varietas.
Mentha syl: verticillata tetri odoris.
G. Xerampelinum exile. Ang. B.
Angl. B. Panici effigies Gn. syl: L. S. 111.

Verbascum nigrum flore albo betvveene Chesilhurst & Greenwitch.

Plantago latifolia incana spicis variis, Bauh. Pin. 789.

PI. peregr. latif: Gareti Clus. Hist.

Plantag. latif. rosea multiformis, P. 494.

PI. ros. incana latifol: L. MS. gave ye Engl, name of Park.

PI. angustif. rosea, Park. 495.

PI. 5-ner. alt: sive angustif: roseo, folioso, sparso radiato fastigio. L. MS.

In borealibus Angliae tractibus utramque latifoliam, incanam roseam

et banc spontaneam esse intellexi.

Sium foliis dissectis. ) ^ i^

c,. u 11- J 1 J- f C^^^. P. ye name place.

Smm umbellis ad caulem nudis.) ^ -> ^

Pimpinella saxifraga maxima. I • -pT

Pimpinella saxifraga maior foliis dissectis. j ^

Spina acuta biflora Britannica. Park. 1025, sive Oxyacantha.

Erynus Math: in Hampshire.

Juncus triquetrus by ye horsferry.

Sambucus laciniatis foliis Dr. Jolyff^ neere Winchester.

Origanum roseum surculis densis, on Polstead downe in Compton

parish nigh Gilford.
Geranium violaceum at Putinham neere Gilford.

Orchis foliis sessilibus non maculatis, Bauh.: 5 Clus. rar. Plant, pag. 268.

Similem etiam observabam mdxxci in pratis urbi Londinensi in

Anglia proximis, ubi et aliam eruebam grandiore paulo fiorum purpu-

rorum spica teterrimi foetoris.
Gentianella angustifolia autumnalis minor floribus ad latera pilosis^, Bauh.

Gent, autumnal: fol: Centaur: min: flor: coerul: Eyst:, Gentianella

^ Probably GEORGE JOYLIFFE, who entered Wadham College in 1637,
migrated to Pembroke, and took his M.A. in 1643, being then a lieutenant
under Lord Hopton in the Royalist army. He, with Dr. Clayton, discovered
the Lymphatics in the liver about 1651. Samuel Pepys was one of his patients.
Power, Trans. Med. Soc. xl.

HOW'S MS. RrXORDS 1650-6

287

autumnalis Centaur, minor fol: Park: pag. 406. Among his names
there hee informes you yt it is ye x Gentian of Clus: wch if you
compare theire Icons you will find it to bee Gentiana ir minima
Clus: pag. 316, and further affirmes it to be Gentiana minima of Lob:
wch Plant Bauh: worthily rankes under ye following title, not farre
from ye ruines of ye old Citty Verulam neere S*^ Albans.

Gentianella brevi fol:, Bauh: Gentianella minima. Lob: Gentiana x sive
Gent, fugax 4 Clus: rar. Plant, pag. 315. Memini et in Britannia
observare, non procul Douera Sept: partim dilutiore colore florentem
partim semine pregnantem.

Alsine hirsuta minor, Bauh:, prope Rochester.

Fucus marit. alter tuberculis pauciss:, Bauh. marinus 4 Dod.

Fucus spongiosus ramosus.

Fucus foUiculaceus foeniculi folio longiore, Bauh. Ferulaceus, Lob.
Helleborus pratensis latifolius, it growes in meddowes about Lich-

borough in Northamptonshire. | Br. lett ^
Serratula flore albo. j non descr.

How's MS, additions on leaves introduced in body of book.

Acorus verus offic. falso Calamus cum Julo, Calamus gromaticus vulgo Ger. em.
pag. 63. I received from Mr. Th. Glyn of Glynrlhinon in Carnarvonsh:
ye pretty Julus or flower of this plant, which I could never see heere
about London, though it groweth with us in many gardens and yet in
great plenty. I rec'^: divers of them wth elegant flowers in June from
Dr. Browne ^ who found them in severall places of Norfolk, theese grew in
Witton fens.

Alnus nigra baccifera, Tab. Lob. Frangula, Matth.

Est et species Frangulae fructu rubro proveniens in Angliae Comit.
Somerset: prope aedes D. Thyn, an Vaccinium Plin: Lugd:
Althaea Ibiscus. Marsh Mallowes.

Variat maioribus foliis et stipite littoreis circa Gravesend.
Anagallis foemina flore caeruleo. Female Pbnpei'nell.

Faemina folia habet paulo quam in mare maiora, ima parte punctis nigri-
cantibus multis insignita. Crescit copiose inter segetes iuxta Stanford.
Anonis foliis maioribus leniter crenatis flore luteo, in viis pratls non procul
Bristolia.

Aquilegia flore caeruleo. Coliunbine. In a wood within 10 miles of London
Kent.

Arbutus unedo. At Bellamont 3 miles from Dublyn.

Asarina foliis Asari, Bauh: Asarina, Math: Nec dispar foliis et odore Asarina
devexa angusta via qua itur Clover versus Mendiep ubi efifoditur plumbum.
Florem videre non contigit illo tempore quo iliac iter faciebam cauliculis
serpit.

Ballote, Marrubium nigrum foetidum. Stinking Horehound.
Variat flore albo neere Gravesend.

^ The well-known author of the Religio Medici.

288

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

Bellis minor vulgaris. Little Daisyes.

Bellis minor flore viridi globoso, at Mr. Sheldens wood at Weston,
Warwickshire.

Betonica vulgaris. Betony.

Variat in sylvis angustioribus aut rotundioribus foliis.

Calamogrostis hue referenda pro Calamog: Syl. D. J. Bapt: vid. non . . . Pin:
Bauh: Calamus aromat. vid: Acorus verus.

Campanula media. Ista campanulae rotundifoliae similis, sed magna ex parte
caulem habet unicum aliquando tamen plures sed hoc rarius, striatum, folia
alterna per caulem rapuntii fere, sed latiora nec adeo longa, caules et
folia sunt leviter hirsuta. Flores omnino purpurei campanulae praedictae
floribus similimi, sed maiores et longiores multo. Radix parva paucis
fibris. Provenit copiose inter Herefordiam et Kyneton, ac per totum Wye
Flu: tractum.

Cannabis spuria altera flore purpureo. In agris. Nettle-hemp.
Cardamine pumila Bellidis folio. Alpina, Ger. emac. Rock-cresses.

By Shawford neere Gilford abundantly.
Christophoriana. Herbe Christopher.

Ad radices mentis Ingleborrowe copiose inter saxa.
[A coloured drawing inserted.]
Cirsium Anglicum. Single-headed Thistle.

Radix nigricans fibrata quundoque per magnas fibras fere propagans ut
in figura.

[A coloured drawing inserted.]
[? The last or] C. Anglicum minus, Park.

Crescit in pratis ad radices montis Ingleborrow totius Angliae altissimi
in Comitat. Eboracensi 12 miliaribus a Lancastria.
Cochlearia rotundifolia sive Batava, Lob. Round-leaved Scu7'vy-grasse, It
groweth nigh unto a castle in ye Peake of Darbyshire which is 30 miles
distant from ye sea.
Cochlearia rotundifolia marina.

About ye walls in Bermonice abundantly.
Echium flore alb. Vipers Buglosse.

Et in Cretaceis collibus ad Thamesim prope Greyn-hey tribus miliaribus
a Gravesend.
Erica tenuifolia, Ger.

Coris fol. 6 Clus: rar. Plant', pag: 43. Nascentem banc vidi in Anglia
supra Wi'ndesoram mense Sept. florentem (Angli Boreales Ling vocare).^
Erica coris folio 6 Clus: flore albo.

Erica coris folio 13 Clus: flore albo Saepius reperiuntur in ericetis circa

W^orplesdowne in Comitat. Surriae.
Gentianella alpina.

In ye mountaines betwixt Gort and Galloway abundantly, Mr. Heaton.

^ In Goodyefs copy of Parkinson's Theatrwn, in the margin of p. 1480, is a
note in the handwriting of the botanical friend of Goodyer (? Dr. J. Dale) who
wrote MS. 9. Referring to Fig. 2, Erica vulgaris hirsutior, Com7non rough
Heathy the writer observes, ' The 2 is the figure of Erica Coris folio, Clus.
hist. p. 41, and not of the Ericae myricae folii similis found by Clusius about
Windesor '.

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

289

Gramen plumosum elegans, FetcJted ^rass.

Vepretis et quibusdam aridis agroriim marginibus Dorcestriensis Anglo-
Britan: gaiidet priori inutile.
Gramen tremulum. In upland cornefeilds at Hatfeild.

Gramen typhoides maximum spica longissima. The largest Catstaile-grass.
With a very large eare at ye entrance into Chelsy feilds.

Hederula aquatica. Water Ivy.

In a ditch by Bermondsey house neere London.
In aquis residibus iuxta Petriburgum.

Hieracium alterum foliis obtiisa laciniatis fibrosa radice. Londinensis agri
pratensibus, via Hackneum, Stepneum, et alibi passim obviam. foliis
item humi stantis, hirsutis, duas uncias cum dimidia ternasque longis,
obtusis dentatis laciniis : cauliculis dodrantalibus et pedalibus floribus
luteis papposis Hieracio longius radicato paribus et similibus donatis
radice tamen non ita longa, sed fib rata.

Hieracium lactescens frutex est sesquicubitalis quandoque altior, caules multos
ab radice fibrata satis, emittens, tenues tristes, intus fungosos et medulla
alba plenos. Folia oblonga, serrata leniter, mucronata, parte ima modice
pilosa, alterna per caulem, multis vel brevissimis pediculis cauli habentia,
obscure virentia. Hores versus summos caules e cavis foliorum exeunt,
pediculis longiusculis Tragopog: floribus omnino similes sed minores, lutei
cuius foliola in extremis in quatuor partes dissecta. Flores nocte clauduntur
mane sese expandunt. Floret Augusto, Septembri vero in pappos abeunt:
Semen parvum oblongum sapore est ex dulis subamon, flores foliis sunt
amariores paulo. Tota planta lactescit. Crescit in sylvis Comitat: Hertford.

Horminum sylvestre Lavendulae flore.

Nascitur satis frequens ad Regium oris (?) Grenwicii Hippodromum.

Hyoseris mascula, Ger. Male Swines Cichory.

Non difl": ab Hieracio minimo Clus: pag: cxlii. Provenit inter segetes
locis parum arenosis, et terra friabili ; frequens in Anglia multis in locis.

Jacobaea, sive Senecion minimum. Radice pro plantae proportione maiuscula
fibrata; folia Bellidi fere sed breviora parum incana 5, 6 vel 7 supra terram
strata, e quorum medio caulis assurgit dodrantalis aut minor singularis
in quo una, 4, 5 vel 6 quandoque folia sunt alterna, angusta mucronata.
Caulis et folia lanugine Candida sunt obducta. In summo caule flores sunt
quatuor, 5, 6 rarique 7 breviusculis pediculis Senecii maioris, sive pubae
Jacobaeae, pappescentes. Radix fibrata non vaga. Floret Julio et initio
Augusti. Crescit in Agro Cantabrigiensi in parvis collibus non procul a
Stapleford.

Jacobaea 3 Clus. Pann: latifol: s[essi]lis Planta Flore intense luteo et folio nigriore,
vulgari Jacobaeae fere paribus, rivulorum sectatim Anglo-Britaniae.
[With a coloured drawing.]

Juncaria salmaticensis. Small stone Woodrooffe of Spain. At ye lower end of
Grayes Inne lane by London neere ye water course,

Linariola parva planta dodrantalis aut brevior, caules aliquot a radice teretes et
duriusculi, in quibus folia fere lini bina per intervalla. Flosculi parvi lini
fere sed albi ex quinque foliolis in summis ramulis. Semina valde minuta
lini efflgie fusca. Floret Junio, Julio et Augusto in pratis Angliae frequens
a nullo descripta.

[With a pen-and-ink drawing.]

290

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

Militaris aizoides, Lob. Water soldier.

Si non est Stratiotes Dios : certe similima est, sed non sine radice vivit.
Copiose prope pagum Over Jun. Julio et Augusto floret in aquis stagnantibus
et fossis limosis Eliensis Insulae.

Muscus coralloides lacustris.

Corallii fere modo crescit, sed plures caules ab una radice, certo tamen
spatio a se modice (?) distantes, utpote tres, 4, 5, et quandoque sex caules
dodrantales aut paulo longiores emittit minimi fere digiti crassitudine,
teretes, spongiosos, ut et substantia totius plantae spongiosa est et porosa,
et spongiae fere consistentiam in aqua habet.

Sicca vero dura et friabilis est, ex caulibus unus vel duo quandoque tres in
summo sunt ramosi, in duos vel tres ramos ad cornu cervi similitudinem
sunt divisi. Nec folia alia, nec flores nec fructum profert (quantum potui
observare). Radix lapidibus in fundo adhaeret, supraque eos sese expandit.
Tota planta unius est coloris, in aqua viridis saturate cum quadam nigredine,
sicca vero diluta virescit. Invenitur in fluviis ex arborum truncis vel radici-
bus in aquis exiens ut in fluvio iuxta Petriburgum.

[An early description of the Fresh-water Sponge, Spotigilla fliiviatilis^
illustrated with an excellent coloured pen-and-ink drawing.]

Myrrhis. Fuch., Cicutaria, Ges. hort. Wild Sweete Cherville»

Napus syl: minimus Montosis agris hoc pusillum Napi syl; genus iuxta
pistrinam ventillatam sive ventimolam D. Rich. Garth semiliari ab aedibus
antiquis Drayton vocatis e regione Vectis Insulae reperi ; tota planta
admodum parva est, foliis Napo syl: longe minoribus, angustioribus,
parum .... [4 lines of description follow].

Nidus avis flore et caule violaceo purpureo colore an Pseudo-limodoron, Clusii,
hist. rar. Plant, pag. 270: A mile from Alton in Hamshire. Mr. Goodyer.

[To this printed note. How has added in MS.] Limodoron Austriacum
Cliis. Hist. Orchis abortiva violacea, Bauh:

Orchis minor flore carnato Eyst: Pannonia 4 Clus: Cynosorchis minor
Pannonica, Ger. em: The lesser Austins dog-stones. On Scosby lease.
Mr. Stonehouse.

Oxalis major. Great leaved Sorrel.

Ad Shackerforth-mill loco uliginoso.

Papaver corniculatum flore rubro. Copiose crescit Vectis Insula.

Paronychia.

Folia radici proxima superne obscure rubent, interne virent. Lobelii
mutilam et depravatam iconem Lugd:, Dod:, Ger. em.. Park. etc. exhibent
Omnes esse sequest (?) maturam e vivis naturae typis exhibeo.

[With a coloured drawing.]
Pedicularis flore albo. White Rattle.

Severall places of Warwickshire.
Polygonum minimum.

Plantula vix unciam altitudine excedit, ramosa, ut arbor assurgit,
surculosa, erecta magna ea parte, foliola parva binatim coniuncta, e geni-
culis cxeuntia. Flores in summo parvi numerosi, albicantes. Radice nititur
minima singulari paucis fibris, crescit locis hyeme udii, aestate veneniatii.
An potius ad Alsines speciem referenda ?

[With a small neat drawing in pen and ink.]

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

291

Pulsatilla vulgaris. Purple passe-Jlower.

About Oxford.
Pirum foliatum.

[Coloured drawing of a pear, with well developed green leaves growing
from the apex.]
Pirum supra pirum.

[A fruit with a second pear growing among the leaves at the apex.]
Ranunculus minimus Septentrionalium herbido muscoso flore. D%va7'fe Crow-
foot, or Small Bunikifis HollivortelL

In Anglia frequens praecipue versus Septentrionem Folia odorem epirant
moscho similem, sed valde imbecillum.

Fumaria cubica vel capnos Moschatella Cordi.

[A coloured drawing marked] Haec effigies praeferenda.
Ranunculus montanus, Cam. globosus. Globe Crowfoot.

Floret in fine Jun et Jul: ad radices mentis Ingle-borrow. Angli boreales.
Lockcr-G owing vel locker goling, a flore clauso non est venenatus.
Ranunculus pumilus floribus deciduis.

The whole plant seldome exceeds 3 inches in compasse and in his full
strength and flowring is not above an inch or 2 high, amongst a hundred
plants of them yt I found not far from Oxford though it were in ye time
theire flowring I could not find one with a whole flower, severall of these
had 3, 4 or 5 little yellow leaves of flowers, about a small thrum of yellow
pointells, and every plant had fresh yellow pointells, with the leaves as it
were new fallen of. [it has not yett flowred in my garden.] ^
Rosa sylvestris odora Eglenteria. Sweet Briar bush.

Oritur in Bathonica Angliae proximis collibus non procul ab aedibus
D: Laur. Hyde. {Quoted from Lobel, Obs. 618.]
Rubia sylvestris laevis radice perenni.

Omnino priori similis sed radice vivace ac perenni, humi maxima ex
parte procumbit planta et multis surculis brachiata, folia paulo latiore
stellatim disposita leniter serrata flores coerulei ex quatuor foliolis mucro-
natis. Caules quadranguli geniculati, e singulis geniculis folia stellatim
decussata quinq, quatuor, sex septem et octo. Radix longa fibrata valde
rubescens. Juxta Harwica prope littora maris.
Sagittaria minor. S??iall Arrow-head,

Radices — multas fibrosas, pallidas vel albicantes, prolixas inter quas
aliquas utpote 4, 5 vel 6 maiores radices chordis maioris Lyrae instar reliqui
longiores in extremo bulbosas bulbi oblongi mucronati, incurvi, membranulis
duabus aut tribus tecti, colore ex albo et coeruleo mixto, bulbi magni-
tudine inaequales, nucis avellanae magnitudinem aequantes, quorum caro
alba, solida.

[A pen-and-ink drawing entitled] Sagittae minoris radix cum bulbis.
Sambucus foliis variegatis neere Totnam.

Sedum arborescens Anglicum. Frutex est varius multis lignosis duris, cuius
folia sunt magis longa, similiter disposita, non adeo carnosa, nec crassa,
Sedum vulgare situ et ortu aemulantia, radice satis longa, et crassiuscula
non multis fibris. Crescit in Insulis Rooms vocatis sinus Bristoiensis,
Oceani Anglici.

^ Erased.
U 2

'Z()2 HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

Sium alterum Olusatri facie. Long-leaved Water Cresses.

In fossis prope Petriburgum frequens, nec non procul ab Oxbridge in
quibusdam puteis Londinum versus iuxta viam publicam.
Spartum spica secalina. Great English Mat-weede.

On ye further side of ye Isle of Tenet.
Trachelium majus Belgarum. Giant Throat-wort or Bell/lower,

Pratensibus ad radices cretaceosas collium prope Dartfort et Greehyth.
Trifolium flore viridi foliaceo elegans.

In mine owne Orchard at Darfield : it grew with mee one yere plentifully
but I have not since observ'd it. I have now sent some of it dried as it
was gathered about 9 yeeres since. Mr. Stonehouse.
Turritis major. Towers Mustard.

Non procul a meta antiquissima diruta, miliari a Colchestria et in agris
prope Dedtfort.

Typha minor crescit in fluvio Petriburgum praeterfiuens nusquam alias vidi.
Vaccinia nubis. Cloudberry.

Chamaemorus Anglica, Park. Chamaemorus Cambro-Brittanniae sive

Lancastriense vaccinium nubis. Radix utcunque nodosa, et ex nodis

fibras paucas dimittit ; radice se propagat (sicut Cirsium Anglicum vid.

fig.) et quam longissime serpit adeo ut brevi tempore maximum spatium

occupet.

Vicia maxima sylvatica nondum descripta, spicata Bathoniensis Goodyeri.
Umbilicus Veneris.

About Bath and North Wales plentifully.
Umbilicus Veneris maximus Anglicus rudentibus foliis maior ac elegantior
quam precedens est. Pilleter. Plant: Synon: pag. 126.

MS. additions at end between pp, 132 and 133.
Cotula non foetida flore pleno latiore. .
Chamaebuxus fl. colutea, Bauh: sive Rhus Plin: myrtifol:
Carduus lanceolatus fl. alb et fl. purp: Q. Chyrurg: for ye places of

theese plants growth from Morgan.
Taxus tantum florens on ye chalky hills in Hampsh. J. Goody:
Persic, minor non urens sine maculis in Tuthill Feilds.
Antirrhinum medium Hispan: flore albo, Hunnibon and what other

spontaneally hee hath with all other simples.
[Species of Cynoglossum, Hypericon, Orchys, and Sium from Browne

See p. 302.]
Oxyacanthus flore rubro
Alsine foliis variegatis ■ Qu. Hunnibon.
Seseli pratense

Qu. ye Sium in ye pott with small leaves per Phy. Br.
Gentiana altera dubia Anglica punctato medio flore.
Helleborines uti superior forte cognata, L. St. 111.
Gentiana dubia Anglica, Park.
Q. Newarkes Turritis. Pentaphyllum.
Q. ye Opuntium marinum on Oyster shells.

HOW'S MS. RECORDS 1650-6

293

Nymphaea foliis hederaceis. Qu. Stevens.

[Species of Carduus, Plantago, and Echium from Browne. See p. 302.]
Prunella vulg: fl. al. incarnato et fl. purpureo.

in Chappell on ye heath. Bobert.
Stevens his Becabunga maior Plantago Aquat. latif. maior.
Geranium columbinum foliis magis dissectis, pediculis longissimis flore

magno. I found it wild in ye beginning of August 1654, it is not

described or pictured yt I find. John Goodyer. Q. ye place of growth.

vid. Phyt. 47.
Erysimum ii Tab. Q. locum.

growes in ye streetes neere white chappell east from Algate London,

J. Goodyer.

Anonymos aquatica rubida, foliis Anagallidis flore luteo. This growes in
a little lake in a heath neere Petersfeild in Hamshire, in a hott summer
some parts of ye lake are drie in August, sometimes before, there and
then ye flowers are to bee scene.

Holosteum perpusillum growes in ye same lake ^ in ye East part of ye said
heath greene all ye winter under water, and flowers when ye water
is vanished in August, and sometimes much sooner. I first observed
this plant in a pond neare Holburie in ye new Forrest in Hamshire.
J. Goodyer.

1 The waters of this lake this 2 of June 1656 about 4 of ye clocke in ye
afternoone was well neere as warme as ye Bathwater at Bath in Summersetshire
although 3^e day was cloudy.

Holosteum juncifolium repens Goodyeri copiose inveni in Comit: Surriae
juxta Purbright (an diff: a priore, Qu. Goody).

But How's good intentions for a revised edition of his Flora were
not destined to bear fruit. Chance appears to have cast the Lobel
manuscripts in his way : he purchased them with his own money,
but his store of vital energy was unequal to the task of producing
a second Phytologia Britannica.

The circumstances of his dealing with these manuscripts have
been often described. A contemporary account of the matter is
given by the Rev. J. Ward in his Commonplace Book'. 'Dr. How
hath put out a piece showing what Plants Parkinson stole out of
a manuscript of Lobel's wch. never was put out, but came by chance
to Dr. Modesy's [= Morison's] hand.' How has been universally
reproved for the violence of his language, re Parkinson, first by
Pulteney and then by later historians, who, however, quote his
remarks with some gusto.

If How had found the Lobel MSS. in anything like the disorder
in which they were when I first saw them, and if he attributed the
mutilations to Parkinson, his expressions might be considered as

294

HOW'S WILL

well justified. It is more likely that the vigour of his language was
partly due to haste consequent on failing health, and perhaps to
a presentiment of death and to the knowledge that his time and
resources were insufficient to do his author more than scant justice.
How died in 1656, a few months after the publication of his book.

We have consulted William Howe's will (P. C. C. Berkeley 315)
at Somerset House. He described himself as of Milke St., co.
Middlesex, Gent., ' being in perfect memory though much erased
in Body'. He willed that his body should be 'very humblie
interred in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, on the left side
of my mother. The earth to be taken up att least 6 foote, my
funeral I desire may be observed about ten at night. I would not
have above 6 of my choyce friends accompaning'. His wife
Elizabeth Howe was appointed absolute executor, but as regards
his Library he * would have her advised by some knowing person
to putt of, and by no means to part with any particular book from
the whole'. Will proved, 22 Sept. 1656.

It is probable that Goodyer then acquired a selection of his
books and manuscripts. The most important of these, which are
still in the Library at Magdalen College, are the Lobel Manuscripts,
How's own annotated copy of his Phytologia, Johnson's Descriptio
Itineris 1632, both with the MS. additions printed below, certain
loose papers including Goodyer MS. 11, ff. 169-73, described on
p. 355, and a few printed books including editions of Tabernae-
montanus^ Matthiolus, and Renealmus.

William Cole or Coles of New College gratefully acknowledged
the help that How gave him in the preparation of his Adam in
Eden 1657. ^Furnished' with How's 'best advice and with some
of his select and choicest papers for perfecting his design', it is a
pity that Coles did not produce a sounder book.

xiii. Dr. John Dale, d. 1662.

In the Latin introduction to his Pinax reriim naturaliiim Britan-
nicarum. Dr. Christopher Merrett, F.R.S., tells us that the one
and only comprehensive Flora of Britain that had ever been printed
was almost out of print, and that PuUeyn,^ a publisher living in
St. Paul's Churchyard, had asked him to undertake a new Catalogue

^ Octavian PuUeyn was the publisher of How's Phytologia in 1650; Cave
PuUeyn published Merrett's Pinax in 1667. Octavian sold to How the copy of
Tabernaeinontaimis which was afterwards acquired by Goodyer : his signature
is inside the cover. See pp. 202 and 226.

JOHN DALE

295

of all the British plants then known, to be followed by a History,
and that the work was to be done in association with a Dr. Dale,
* Botanologus peritus

The only botanist of that name in Merrett's time who is at all
well-known, or indeed appears in Messrs. Britten & Boulger's Index
of British Botanists, is Dr. Samuel Dale of Braintree, who in after
years gave such valuable assistance to Ray, and was often mentioned
in his botanical works. It is, therefore, but natural for an uncritical
reader, on encountering a solitary mention of Dr. Merrett's proposed
partner Dr. Dale, to assume unconsciously that the reference was
to Dr. Samuel Dale. Merrett was, however, writing at the College
of Physicians in August 1666, a few days before the outbreak of
the Great Fire, and Samuel, who is believed to have been born in
Whitechapel in 1659, could not- then have been a distinguished
' Botanologist Nor must he be confused with William Dale of
Queen's College, the helper of the younger Bobart.^

John Ward,^ writing in 1662, also mentions Dr. Dale, and rather
as if he were the originator of the idea of re-editing the Phytologia
Britannica ; and, lastly, John Ward's editor, Sir D'Arcy Power,
notes that ' no record of his (Dale's) attainments in botany seems to
have survived '. Ward had, however, a high idea of him : * there
are in London but two doctors y"^ have any great skill in simpling,
y^ is Dr. Moddesey {i.e. Morison) and Dr. Dale'; and in 1661 he
noted one of his prescriptions.

' White Mullen or Higtaper : wash itt and fume itt and boyl itt with hog's
grease, add Red Lead and Linseed OIL It is said to bee excellent good
against y® piles. Dr, Dale. I find ye same in a manner in Gerard's Herbal
with but very little difference.' ^

Except in a single instance I have not met with any mention of
the name of Dale among the Goodyer papers, but nevertheless
there are good grounds for attributing to him the authorship of
certain manuscripts, and a few notes in the margins of Goodyer's
copies of Parkinson's Theatrtim\ Twxw^xs Herbal^ P« 10; Thalius

^ ' Mr. Bobart, the Botanist, was greatly assisted in the 11^ vol. of ye Oxford
History of Plants, by Mr. Dale of Queen's College, who revised the whole and
put it into proper Latin for him. Presently after the Death of the said Mi-. Dale,
I had a sight of a Folio Book in MS* drawn up by himself, being Tables &
Explications on Aristotle's Rhetorick' (Hearne, Diary 1705, Nov. 6).

2 The Rev. John Ward of Christ Church had taken his M.A. in 1652. His
sixteen commonplace books are now preserved in the library of the Medical
Society of London. (D'Arcy Power, Attn. Med. Hist, ii, p. 123.)

' Information from Sir D'Arcy Power, who has been kind enough to tran-
scribe for me the paragraphs relating to Dale in J. Ward's Diary.

2()6

DALE'S MSS.

Sylva Hircynia, P* 5^ > Gerard emac.^ p. 800, and other books. At
any rate, it appears more likely that Dr. Dale, rather than any one
else, should have written them.

Dale's botanical partnership with Goodyer dates at least from
1651, as is shown by the latter's entry in his copy of J. Bauhin's
Historia Plantartim. This work was purchased of Robinson on
15 March 1651, and sold by Dr. Dale, then living in Long Acre, to
Goodyer on the 22nd for ^3 is. 6d.

The Goodyerian Lists and Descriptions of British plants were
undoubtedly written during the sixth decade of the seventeenth
century. One paper is dated 22 January 1651, another April 1659,
and during part of this period the writer was evidently in close
touch with Goodyer himself. The four principal manuscripts are :

1. Descriptions of Plants extracted from Lobel's MSS. (in Latin).

2. A Catalogue of Grasses, foreign as well as British, with brief
descriptions and synonymy, comprising 203 species, written two on
a page, on loi leaves.

3. A Catalogue of British plants, with synonymy, comprising ,
922 species (including 70 grasses), written four on a page (with
blanks), on 276 leaves.

4. A Supplementary List of British plants comprising 1 53 names.
If these are to be regarded as different from the 922, the British
Flora as known to Goodyer and Dale (?) in 1659 would comprise
1,075 species — a figure which comes very near to the 1,050 of Ray
in the year 1669. How, by including varieties and exotic plants,
had accumulated 1,220 names in the Phytologia of 1650.

The work is exactly what would be expected from the author of
a new Phytologia. None of Dr. Dale's plants are quoted under his
own name in the printed Phytologia of 1650, but among How's
MS. additions (1650-6) we have noted

' Acinos anglica flore albo in Salisbury feild neere Basing stoake, D. Dale.*
*Foeniculum at Rie. — Leucoii folii : Qjii. D.'

He was the first person to point out 'J uncus caule Triangulati'
(? the rare Galingale Cyperus longiis) growing at the Horse ferry at
Westminster and to record 'Vicia fol. gramineo siliqua porrectis-
sima' about Tyburn and Maribone Park. Merrett, who printed
these records in 1667,^ designates him as ' insignis Britannicus '.

' Typha

' Senetio sentilis

^ Merrett, Pinax, 67, 125.

DALE'S WILL

297

There can, therefore, be no doubt that there was such a person :
the trouble is to identify him among the numerous Dales who were
living at the time. Unfortunately his christian name is nowhere
mentioned. I was at first inclined to think that Sir D'Arcy Power,
who has the credit of a first attempt, was right in identifying
Dr. Dale with the Dr. Robert Dale, said to be of Magdalen
College, who was admitted an Kxtra- Licentiate of the College of
Physicians in 1663.^ But this is rather too late a date for our
botanist. Merrett alludes to his death, but not as if it were
a recent event. It may have occurred before the Fire and the
Plague, probably shortly before Goodyer's own death in 1664, for
else it would be hard to explain the presence of Dale MSS. among
the Goodyer papers.

While engaged in an unsuccessful hunt for Robert Dale's will at
Somerset House, I found the v/ill of Dr. John Dale, which connects
many of the clues and is a surer guide to the identity of our
botanist.

JOHN DALE, Doctor of Physick, of the parish of St. Martin's in the Fields,
bequeaths to poore neighbours of St. Martin's Parish ^5 ; to poore of East
Meon ; to poore of Petersfield ^5 ; to poore of Gosport ^5 ; to Mr. Hunt
^5 ; to Mr. Gray £^ ; to brother Andrew Vidian and wife ^5 ; to sister Codd
20^-., to sister Browne 20s., to Mr. Darlaston and wife 40j-., for rings ; to wife
Blanche Dale, his sole exor, lease of house in Long Acre and lease of his impro-
priate parsonage of East Meon. Brother-in-law Andrew Vidian and ' my very
good friend John Goodyer of Petersfield ' to be overseers and to have a ring of
40j-. Will dated 30 Apr. in the presence of W. Darlaston, Mary Robinson,
Ehz. Coleman. Proved 27 May 1662, after the death of Blanche his widow. —
Abstract ofV. C. C. Laud. 63.

We hope that some local genealogist will follow the family
further. ' Sister Browne ' may have been related to the Brownes
of East Hoo, already mentioned ; and Mr. Gray may have been
the herborist friend of O. Bilson (p. 201), but the names are too
widespread to be a trustworthy guide.

^ Munk records that Robert Dale was a Bachelor of Arts of Magdalen
College, Oxford, who practised medicine at Stourbridge in Worcestershire and
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians of London on
October ist 1663. {Roll of the Royal College of Physicians.) But I have not
as yet been able to find any Robert Dale in the books of Magdalen College.
John Ward elsewhere refers to an incident in the practice of a ' Mr ' Dale, and,
in the next sentence, to * An ichneumon frequent about Sturbridge '. Unfor-
tunately Ward nowhere mentions his Dales' Christian names. Sir D'Arcy
Power, to whom I mentioned the difficulty, has again investigated the matter,
and has found among the Prattinton MS., vol. 31, at the Society of Antiquaries,
an entry: 'Robert Dale Ludimagister of Free school at Stourbridge, 9 Nov.
1661'.

298

JOHN DALE AND MERRETT

It seems probable that Goodyer, if not already in possession of
Dale's botanical papers, would have annexed them as part of his
duty as overseer of the will, and on his death (1664) they may have
been among those which Yalden lent to Merrett.

Dr. John Dale, unlike Robert, does not appear to have been
licenced by the College of Physicians, of which institution Dr. Mer-
rett was the resident Librarian. The College of Physicians was
then situated in Amen Corner — very near the house of Pullej^n,
the friendly publisher who persuaded Merrett to co-operate in the
proposed work. ' I could not strive against his honourable wishes',
as Merrett afterwards put it. How far Dr. Dale did co-operate, we
are not told. He died before the day of publication.

Merrett certainly engaged in the work with great energy. He
purchased 800 figures of plants, which Johnson had caused to be
engraved, with the intention of using them to embellish his book.
He engaged Thomas Willisel to search for plants in those distant
parts of the kingdom which, owing to his London duties, were
beyond his range. His son, Christopher, also made excursions for
the same purpose, and he procured the loan of Goodyer's MSS.
from Edmund Yalden.

By the inclusion of exotics and many varieties, which he had not
the critical acquaintance with the subject to omit, he brought up
the list of the British Flora to some 1,400 species, a number which,
only three years afterwards, was reduced to 1,050 by the ' accurate
Mr. Ray '.

xiv. William Browne, 1629-1678.

Several of the plant-records of William Browne are quoted in
the interleaved copy of How's Phytologia Britannica bequeathed to
Magdalen College by John Goodyer. They are all in the handwriting
of William How.

William Browne was known to Wood as his examiner, and also
to Peshall as a native of Oxford, his father being described alterna-
tively as William Brown, a Mercer of Oxford,^ or as John Browne,
a Bailiff of the City.'^^ He had a distinguished career at Magdalen
College, becoming B.A. in 1647, M.A. in 1650, and B.D. in 1665.
He succeeded to a Fellowship in 1657, was Praelector of Moral
Philosophy in 1658, Dean of Divinity in 1659, and Vice-President
in 1669-1670. He died suddenly about the age of fifty, and was

^ Peshall, City of Oxford, add. 29.
2 Wood, Hist., p. 344, ed. Gutch.

WILLIAM BROWNE

299

buried in the Antcchapel of his College. A gravestone of black
marble preserves his memory :

H. S. E.

GULIELMUS BROWNE S. T. B.

HUJUS COLLEGII SOCIUS

VIR

INDUSTRIAE INDEFESSAE,
ERUDITIONIS PERSPECTAE :
QUI S. THEOLOGIAE HORAS COMPOSITAS
REI BOTANICAE SUCCESIVAS
IMPENDENS,
IN UTRAQUE EMICUIT
APOPLEXIA CORREPTUS SUCCUBUIT

FATO MULTUM LUGENDO
NISI VIXISSET INDIES MORITURUS.
OB. MAR. 25, AN. AET. 49°
MD CLXXVIII.

Canon Vaughan ^ favours the view that the presence of so well-
known a botanist at Magdalen College would account for Goodyer's
gift of botanical books to the College ; and this idea would gain in
probability if we could establish a close kinship between William
Browne of Magdalen and Goodyer's Hampshire neighbour of the
same name. But so far we have not found any evidence on this
point.

Mr. Druce {Flora Berks. ^ p. cvi) is not quite right in saying that
no certain writing of Browne's has been discovered, for we have
specimens of his signature at Magdalen, and for several reasons \ye
believe that Druce is also mistaken in suggesting that the MS.
notes in one of the Bodleian copies of Lyte's Herbal were made by
Browne : they are obviously by an earlier member of Magdalen
College who had studied at Padua.

Browne is best known through the Catalogus Horti Botanici
Qxoniensis prepared by Bobart, Dr. Stephens^ the Principal of Mag-
dalen Hall, and himself in collaboration, but both Anthony Wood
and Merrett agree 'that he had the chief hand in it', and the MS.
copy in the British Museum gives his name as that of the author.

Attention has been drawn to the fact that in this edition the
authors have, in every instance where it was possible, not only
adopted the scientific appellation given by Gerard and Parkinson

* Cornhill Magazine^ 19095 P* S02.

300

WILLIAM BROWNE

to each plant, but also quoted the page of their works. Druce^
claims priority in England for this procedure for the authors
jointly. It is quite likely that Browne, rather than Bobart, was
responsible for the innovation, but as the quotation of authorities
by pages had been the usual everyday practice of Browne's friend
Goodyer for the past thirty years, any credit for priority or precept
in this matter should be given to the latter.

There are many citations from him printed in Dr. Merrett's
Pinax, and although he does not appear as one of the contributors
to the Phytologia^ perhaps because How was not acquainted
with him before 1650, or because he had not then paid much
attention to botany, yet he was able to supplement that work with
several valuable additions which How duly entered in his inter-
leaved copy of the PJiytologia already referred to. Most of these
citations are distinguished by a peculiar mark, a A in a square.

The Plant Records of William Bi'ozvne^ entered by How in his
copy of the ' Phytologia\ 1650-1656.

Anagallis aquatica, sive Becabunga flore albo. Veronica Beccabimga L.
in fossis aliquibus sub colle Haddington prope Oxonium. Guil.
Browne Oxon:

Atriplex marina latifolia tola rubra. Atriplex patida L.

E radice tenui et fibrata caules exit sesquicubitales ramulis donates
frequentissimis folia ferentes in extremitate angusta et acuta in
media et una parte lata et acuminata ubique densa et admodum
rubra hortis translata ruborem fidelissime servat, flosculi ex viridi
rubescunt, semina sunt angularia, et eiusdem ruboris cum Asteris (?)
plantae partibus occurrit ad maris littus prope Shoram comitat:
Sussexi. Guil. Browne Oxon:

Behen album hispidum. Silene Cucubalus Wib.

Planta est ubique obvia adhuc tamen non descripta. Guil:
Browne Oxon.

Colchicum Anglicum purpureum duplici serie foliorum in flore.
Colchicum Anglicum saturationis purpureae.

Colchicum Anglicum florum foliis ex albo et purpureo dimidiatim
variegatis. Colchicum autu7?male L.

Haec tria proveniunt in prato amoenissimo prope pagum verna-
culem Combe, Comit: Oxon:, ubi flore albo plurima sunt et vulgaris
purpurae millia. Guil. Browne Oxon.

^ Druce, Flora Oxford, p. 373.

PLANT RECORDS

301

Colchicum Anglicum, foliis elegantissime striatis.

in prato prope Corneberry, Comitatu Oxon., gramen striatum.

pulchritudine multum superat colores horto meo pluribus annis

iactavit. Guil. Browne.
Cotula alba. Mayweed. Anthemis Cotula L.

Et flore pleno ex luteo viridi reperitur [juxta Oxon. erased\

Uorcestria versus Comit. Oxon. via regia vulgo Honey Fixlong.

Guil. Browne Oxon.
Geranium columbinum minus foliis magis dissectis et foliis minus

dissectis in agris sterilibus. variat. flore albo. Guil. Br. Oxon.

Geranium molle L. and G. dissectum L.
Lysimachia, sive Gratiola latifolia flore albo in pagulo vulgo Purbright

Comitat: Surriae. Guil. Browne Oxon. Scutellaria minor Huds.
Orchis Antropophora trunco pallido, brachiis et cruribus saturate

rubescentibus. The Red Shanke. Roy Satyrion. Hasce Orchides

rariores in cretaceis quibusdam coUibus observant non procul a via

communi qua itur Wallingfordio Reddingam per Comitatum

Bercherium. Guil. Browne Oxon. Orchis simia Lam. ?

Orchis, sive Cynosorchis militans holosericea, banc orchidum merito
reginam inveni juxta mediam partem viae communis inter Nettleton
et Bathe communicante D.D. Stevens Botanico perito. G. Browne
Oxon. Orchis militaris L.

Orchis, sive Cynosorchis Austriaca flore albo colle Chilswelliensi
prope Oxonium. Guil. Browne Oxon: Orchis ustulata L.

Periclymenum syl: 3plici serie florum ex luteo virentium, alioqui toto
habitu a vulgari non dissimile, colle vulgo Shotover juxta Oxonium.

Lonicera Periclymenum L.

Periclymenum alterum quercinis foliis, perelegans planta ; observavi
in colle Chilswelliensi prope Oxonium. G. B. Oxon.

Plantago quinquenervia fimbriis latis ex aureo argenteis, banc nitidam
plantam juxta Corneberry exploravi Comitat: Oxon. Guil. Browne
Oxon. Plafitago major L. var.

Ranunculus pumilus floribus deciduis. ? Ranunculus parviflorus.
The whole plant seldome exceeds 3 inches in compasse and in his
full strength and flowring is not above an inch or 2 high, amongst
a hundred plants of them y* I found not far from Oxford though it
were in ye time of their flowring I could not find one with a whole
flower, severall of these had 3, 4 or 5 little yellow leaves of flowers
about a small thrum of yellow pointells, and every plant had fresh
yellow pointells, with the leaves as it were new fallen of. [It has
not yet flowered in my garden. Erased.^

Rosa pimpinella foliis flore suaverubente, in agris sterilibus prope
Worcestriam. Guil. Browne Oxon: Rosa spinosissima L.

302

WILLIAM BROWNE

Saxifraga aurea. maior, foliis, pediculis longis insidentibus. Juxta
radicem tenuem albam et repentem folia edit rotunda ex luteo
virentia innata itaque hirsuta, paediculis paene triuncialibus saniculae
guttatae foliis non dissimilia ; cauliculos profert pluiimos palmares
juxta summitatem parum divisos vel plurimum unico tantum folio,
aliquando altero ornatos ; flosculi aurei foliis plurimis decora lute-
scentibus longescunt. Hanc saxifragam vere auream copiose inveni
in paludoso nemori non procul ab aedibus D. Fanteleroij in pago
vulgo Hedley vocato Comitati Hamptonis ubi Dryopteridis Trag.
iuxta et Calami Aromatici cum Julo ad humanam altitudinem assur-
gentis gliscit copia. Guil. Browne Oxon.

Chrysosplejiium alter tiifolium L.

Solanum marinum Dulcamarare congener. Solamwi Dulcamara L.
E radice longa dura et perenni, caulem profert crassum glabrum

. atque humi procumbentem^ pedalem vel sesquipedalem longitu-
dinem nunquam superantem ubi sponte emergit, folia ferentem
Solani lignosi duplo densiora et saturationis multo viriditatis, Augusto
floribus ornatur et albis et violaceis, utrius coloris copiose: reperitur
ad maris littus iuxta Shoram Sussexio. Guil. Browne Oxon:

Trachelium minus flore albo in pago Worplesdowne vocato, Comitat.
* Surriae locus floribus albis admodum insignis. Guil. Browne Oxon:

Campanula glomerata L.

On blank page at end.

Cynoglossum foliis variegatis.
Hypericon flore albicaster.
Orchys Sphegodes flore albo.

Mrs. Yalding about Guilford. ) Qu. Br.

Slum cubitate fol. variis non des[criptum] : a very

beautifull plant about Redding plentifully. An difl".

a Sio foliis variis Phyt. ? Apium i?iundatum Reich, f.
Carduus pratensis caule folioso is a common plant about 3 foote

high and has ye same filmy stalk as ye Aster Virg. caule membran-

aceo Park: wee often find it with white flowers. C. pratensis L. var.
Plantago marina foliis tenuissimis, haec singulis partibus alteri non

dissimilis est, sed foliolis multo tenuioribus praedita.
Echium scorpioides minus flosculis luteis Bauh. Pin. 254 growes

within 3 miles of Redding plentifully. Myosotis versicolor Sm.

On blank page^ f. 4 v.

Helleborus pratensis latifolius, it growes in meddowes "I

about Lichborough in Northamptonshire. H. viridis. I ^^^^

inn o 7 • . -r X J^OJ^- descr.

Serratula nore albo. {Serratula tinctoria L.) j

[Goodyer MS. 18.

EARLY LISTS OF PLANTS GROWN IN
ENGLISH GARDENS.

Hugh Morgan of Coleman St., 1569-87. See under No. xiii

i. Oxford and Winchester Gardens, 1570-2.

ii. Sir John Salusbury of Lleweni, 1596, 1607-8.

iii. Simon Forman, 1597-1608.

iv. Lord Salisbury, 161 i.

V. Richard Shanne of Woodrowe, Methley, 1615.

vi. William Coys of Stubbers, 1604, 1616, 1621-2.

vii. Franquevilles' Garden in Long Acre, 1600-4, 1617.

viii. John Parkinson, c, 1618-20.
ix. John Goodyer, 1622, &c.

X. John Tradescant, the elder. Hatfield, 1611. Lambeth,
1629-34.

xi. George Gibbes, ? and 1634.

xii. Walter Stonehouse of Darfield, 1640-4.

' xiii. Edward Morgan of Westminster, 1662, and HuGH MORGAN,
1569-87.

xiv. Robert Morison of Blois, c. 1651 ; of London, 1661-2.

The earliest English garden list that has been published is that
of the Holborn garden of John Gerard, which, first printed in 1596
and again in 1599, has been re-edited in a valuable form by my
friend Dr. Daydon Jackson in 1876. One of the first results of the
re-examination of the Goodyer books and papers was the recognition
of one of his manuscripts as a very early list of the garden of the
Rev. Walter Stonehouse at Darfield Rectory in Yorkshire, 1640-1644.
By the courtesy of the editor of the Gardeners Chronicle, this was
printed in full in the numbers of that Journal for May 15, 22, 29
and June 12, 1920. No sooner had this list been identified than in
the same collection of papers, several other garden lists were found
that successively antedated the Stonehouse list and one another,
and finally gave the clue to the finding of the list of a garden that
is probably older than that of Gerard.

First in importance is the unique copy of the printed plant list of
the Lambeth garden of the elder John Tradescant, in which more
than 7 50 plants are named. It is the only work known to have
been printed for the author in his lifetime: it is dated 1634.

Then were found short lists of the gardens of John Franqueville
and George Gibbes of Bath, both extending the list of plants

304

GARDEN LISTS

already known to be grown by them, and the highly interesting
lists of the gardens of William Coys of Stubbers in Essex and of
John Parkinson in Long Acre. Lastly, the mention of the name of
Richard Shanne has led to the rediscovery of his, the oldest garden
list of all that are still unprinted, in the British Museum.

The Goodyer MSS. have thus provided a richer store of definite
horticultural facts relating to special English gardens, and dating
from the first half of the seventeenth century, than any that has yet
been published. To this material we have added a few other
contemporary notes and lists, not previously published, which we
came across when searching for matter relating to the early annals
of English horticulture.

i. Oxford and Winchester Gardens, 1570-2.
The following notes of plants growing in gardens in Oxford and
Winchester are written by a sixteenth-century botanist in his copy of
Du Pinet's Historia Plantartim, now in the library of the Botanical
Department of the British Museum.^ When no locality is men-
tioned, we provisionally assume the garden to have been in or near
Winchester. In one case only is another county mentioned : the
Olive, ' Olea sativa', p. 81, ' at belnys nothers in Suffolk (that is not
wild) showing that in spite of Tacitus's adverse opinion of our
climate the olive was being grown in England a full quarter of
a century before the date of Gerard's garden list. We have sug-
gested that the writer may have been Dr. Walter Bayley of New
College, p. 235.

Henry Crosse's Oxford Garden, 1570.

The friend of the unnamed botanist may be identified with
Henry Crosse, Bedell of Theology, who was Registrar of the
University from 1566 to 1570. His house and garden are of great
historic interest, because there in after years (1654-68) Robert
Boyle lodged, had his laboratory, and invented his famous air-
pump.^ There on the south side of the High Street, and not far
from the quarter of the ancient Apothecaries in Oxford, Henry
Crosse cultivated simples which may have been of value to his
successor (and ? descendant), Crosse the apothecary,^ whose drugs

* See p. 235.

An engraving of the front of Crosse's house is reproduced in Gunther, Early
Science in Oxford, 1 920, p. 1 1 .

^ Perhaps we owe the first evidence of the Lily of the Valley as an Oxford-
shire plant to Crosse. ' Lilly of ye Vallies, Crosse, ye Apothecarie, had a basket
full of ye flower. They grow about Stokenchurch.' John Ward's Diary, 1665.
(Information from Sir D'Arcy Power.) The first printed ^ x^zoxd.' for the Lily
of the Valley in Oxfordshire is ^ Blackstone, 1746'.

WATSON, JAMES BARNABY 305

and scientific entourage doubtless proved no small attraction to
Robert Boyle.

Our author mentions the garden thrice.
Hedysarum aut Securidaca, Du Pinet, p. 402. Coronilla varia^ L.

' In Crosses Garden at Oxford in 1570.' ' In Mr. Watson's booke.'

Aethiopis, p. 557. Salvia Aethiopis, L.

' In Crosses Garden at Oxford.'
Scorpioides, p. 639. Ornithopus scorpioides^ L.

'At Oxford in Crosses garden 1570.'

[John] Watson's Winchester Garden, 1572.

Six of the plant-records are associated with the name of a
Watson, who I think must be the John Watson (1520—84) who
took an M.D. degree at Oxford, and began life practising as
a physician. A native of Evesham, he became a Fellow of All
Souls in 1540. 'At length, about the time Queen Elizabeth came
to the throne, if not happily before, he entred into holy orders, was
made prebendary of Winchester, archdeacon of Surrey, and Master
of the Hospital of St. Cross near Winchester' (1559)- In the
fifteenth year of Queen Elizabeth, 1572, the date of our notes,
he was made Dean of Winchester. He evidently kept up his early
interest in medicine, for in 1575 he was admitted to the degree of
Dr. of Physick. He became Bishop of Winchester in 1 580.

Some of the notes refer to a ' booke ' which we take to be
a Hortus siccus^ which may have also included wild plants. His
garden is likely to have been at St. Cross.

Myrica s. Tamarix, Dti Pinet ^ P- 55* Tamarix gallica, L.

'In Mr. Watson's booke and garden 1572. Of this there is said to be
2 kyndes, the greater bearing fruit like to the lesser oake apples or gaules,
the other bearing grayeish leaves without fruite.*
Ornithogallum, p. 207. Ornithogaluin umbellattmt^ L.

' In Mr. Watson's booke.'
Gratiola, p. 290. Gratiola officinalis^ L.

' A kynd of the lesser Centaurie in Mr. Watson's and S. Cross, 1 570.'
Althaea Ibisc, p. 420. Althaea officinalis, L.

' Mr, Watson's garden.'
Althaea sive Bismalva, p. 421. Malva Alcea, L.

' Mr. Watson's garden.'
Centauriuni maius, p. 270. Centaurea Centauretcm, L.

' In Mr. Barnaby's garden and Mr. Watson's booke.'

James' Winchester Garden.

Cornus, p. 108. Cornus ?7ias, L.

' In Mr. Jeames garden at Winchester.'

3o6

GARDEN LISTS

Barnaby's Garden.

Cicer, p. 136. Cicer arietinmn, L.

* Chiche. Mr. Barnbyes garden.'

Centaurium maius, p. 270. Centaurea Centaureum, L.

* In Mr. Barnaby's garden and Mr. Watson's booke.'

Acanthus, p. 277. Acanthus mollis^ L.

* Mr. Barnbyes garden.'

Ammi, p. 329. Ammi inajtis, L.

* Mr. Barabyes garden.'

Alchimilla, p. 571. Alchemilla vulgaris, L.

* Mr. Barabyes garden.'

Heyden's Garden, 1570.^

Aristolochia longa, p. 268. Aristolochia longa, L.

' In Mr. Heden's garden.'
Stachys, p. 366. Stachys geniianica, L.

' In Mr. Heiden's garden 1570.'
Hypecoum, p. 410. Hibiscus irio7ium, L.

* In Mr. Heidens garden.'

Mandragoras, p. 512. Mandr agora officinalis, L.

' In Hedans garden.'

Galega, p. 584. Scandix Pecten- Veneris, L.

' Sheperds neydle. In Mr. Heides garden.'

Tithymalus cyparissias, p. 609. Euphorbia Cyparissias, L.

* In Mr. Heides garden.'

The Gardens of Norton, Wallop and Basket, and that
OF Dummer Rectory.
All names are well known in Hampshire. The Nortons owned
land in Nutley, which is near Dummer.

Anemone altera, p. 250. Anemone sp,

* In Norton's garden.'

Trifolium odoratum, p. 372. Melilotus officinalis, L.

' In Mr. Basket's garden.'
Antirrhinum, p. 579. Antirrhinum 7najus, L.

* At Dumer in the pstes garden.'

Cupressus, p. 40. Cupressus sempervirens, L.

'Wallops Gardens at hapton.' [? Southampton.]

[Sir Henry Wallop was a very important personage at the time.]

ii. Sir John Salusbury's Garden at Lleweni, 1596, 1607-8.

The botanical records entered by Sir John Salusbury in his copy
of Gerard's Herbal have already been described, p. 343. Two docu-
ments in Oxford mention the Lleweni gardens in the seventeenth

* A Benjamin Heyden of Hants matric. at New College in 1586, and became
a master at Winchester College.

SIR JOHN SALUSBURY 307

century, and it has been suggested that a passage in a poem by
Salusbury's friend and ' Court poet ', Robert Chester, described the
site.^ Elsewhere Chester records in verse a failure of fruit due to an
unusually cold spring about the end of the sixteenth century.^ The
lines were written for A merrimt of christmas at the house of the
Right WorsJiipfidl John Sahisbury of Leweny, Esq. After stating
that the occasion was one on which ' we of Arcadia sometime
frolique swaines '

'should heare present as newe yeares homely gift
peares Apples fild bieres or the hazell nut
or other fruite that this faire clymatt yelds
but nipping winter and a forward spring
blasted our trees and all our summer budds
whose blossomes should have yelded dainty fare '

the poet goes on to propose a hornepipe, songs, and a dance.

Sir John grew three novelties which he considered worthy of
mention in his Herbal. Two of them he raised from seed, which
he may have obtained from Gerard, and to his evident satisfaction
they proved true to the pictures in the Herbal.

Helianthus annuus, L.

' This galant greate sunflower grewe in Sir John Salusbury's Garden at
Llewenye & cam to the full perfection of this portraiture the yeare 1607.
Datura Metel, L. The Smooth Thorn Apple introduced by Gerard from
Robin.

' This faire herbe grewe to full perfection accordinge to the portraiture in
Sir J. S. his Gardeyne at Lleweny in the yeare of our Lord 1607.'

Paris quadrifolia^ L., he transplanted to his garden in 1608.

Marks in the margins of the book show that he was well acquainted
with a large number of garden plants, but the only one that is

* Chester, Love's Martyr, p. 11 :

Hard by a running streame or crystal! fountaine,
Wherein rich Orie?it pearle is often found,
Enuiron'd with a high and steepie mountaine,
A fertill soile and fruitful plot of ground,

There shalt thou find true Honors lovely Squh-e^
That for this Phoenix keepes Prometheus fire.
His bovver wherein he lodgeth all the night.
Is fram'd of Caedars and high loftie Pine.
An ancient well-head is one of the antiquities at Lleweni, and there still
remains the stump of a very old cedar that is figured in one of the engravings
of the old Hall near the artificial lake.

^ It has already been noticed that the weather about this time was most un-
propitious. ' For a series of years, wet summers had raised the price of corn,
and in 1596 wheat in London reached the famine price of ^5 4 o per quarter;
this too when the purchasing power of money was fully six times its present
value.' Jackson, Gerard's Catalogue, vii.

X 2

3o8 GARDEN LISTS

further described is a variety of Clove Pink : ' At Seaton in
Northumberland at the House of the Right Worthy Sir Ralphe
Delavale ^ is a Clove Gilloflower almost perfecte blacke.' The pro-
duction of artificial varieties among Gilliflowers was known to
Shakespeare, see p. 6i.

Sir John's garden continued to flourish long after his death.
I have recently found unexpected evidence as to its state in the year
1680 in a letter contained in the H or ties siccus of Edward Morgan
in the Bodleian Library (Ashm. MS. 1797). This collection of
plants seems to* have been begun in 1672, and to have received
additions until 1682 ; unfortunately the plants, which are arranged
alphabetically are not localized. The collection includes specimens
of Vicia Bathoniensis Goody eri and of the four species of Elms
described by him.

The letter is addressed

ffor Mr. Edward Morgan living att

Bodesclen, theis deliver with a Basged with Care.

Mr.

Morgan my humbell servis to you returning you humbell thanks for my
plants & seeds I have send you theis seeds folwing which I thought would
bee exceptabell to you. And I have send you what plants as I know of what
you have send for and if you have a mind of any thing that you know to bee
in Leweny gardens I shall bee redy to serve you in other plants or seeds ;
and so with my humbell serveis to you I rest and remane to serve you whilst
I am

Tho Thornes.

Lleweny 20*1^ day of Sept. \c. 1680]

Dubell wh popy Littell snipt Canpion

evear lasting pece Venus Lookinglas

Dubell throtwort Pollyanthus out of ye Litell Garden

Sweet William out of ye potts ffenill flower

Jarman Cachfley Marsh mallows

Pollyanthus harey sen Johns wort

Scarllet Popys hashed fish

Ross Larkheell Sweet Scabious

Bedford pinke . dubell Collanbine

2 faces under a hood Vulnearia for yor oneld (oueld ?) Cock

blew bodell

I pray if you have any of theis plants to send mee a few of

Sanicell Moon wort Spare wort

Parsly Ston broke Cotton tree Laser wort

Barren wort Balm of Gilead Iron wort

As bodill Lavender Cotton Mony wort

Anons Claver Moth wort

Fraxsenella ore Dittany Corall wort Pony wort

Dragon wort Cross wort

Glass wort Fig wort

Mr. Harisson presents his servis to you and Will. Tomas & Coocke.

[At end Morgan's List of Plants in the Appendix to his Hortus sica^s.]

* Craster, Bz's/. Northimiberland^ Tynejuouth, describes his coal-mining.

FORMAN OF MAGDALEN

At the present day, alas, the splendours of Lleweni are no more.
The far-famed agricultural wealth of the Vale of Clwyd has not
proved sufficient to maintain the larger country houses of the
Tudors, let alone their gardens, and the great house of the Salus-
burys is now only represented by a couple of large farm houses,
the one in the stables and the other in the offices of the old
mansion. A huge walled orchard still remains, though the trees
have run wild and its high walls have been partly removed for
building material ; and there are scattered fruit trees in the
woods.

The original flower gardens seem to have been altered before
the demolition of the house, in accordance with the cult of the
* landscape ' inculcated by the eighteenth-century school of Kent
and Capability Brown, while the architecture of the house was
being remodelled in the style of Adam. The present tenant,
Mrs. Roberts, informs me that the present garden is largely within
the lines of the foundations of the old Hall, but that all tradition
of the original gardens has been lost.

iii. Dr. Simon Forman's Lambeth Garden, 1608.

The strictly scientific character of Goodyer's writings, revealing
the practical attitude of his mind, is remarkable in an age when
so many of his ' scientific ' contemporaries were seduced by the
specious promises of astrology, alchemy, and divination, legacies
from Arabian civilization. The astrological gardening of the time
is illustrated by a fragment from the diary of a former member
of Magdalen College, which will at any rate be of interest to those
who make a detailed study of the topography of London.

Thurneiser, Winckler, and Culpeper have all emphasized the
importance of gathering roots and ' enchanted herbs ' under particular
stars, but Forman evidently believed in the influence of the moon
on planting as well.

The first entries evidently refer to the acquisition of the site.

1596. 29 Jan. at 4 I went first to see the garden. On 30 Jan, ... I went to
spek with Mr. Katerins for his garden.

1597. This yere betwen Michehnas and Christmas I toke Lambeth House
and entred yt a moneth after Christmas. Lambeth House at Westminster, no^a,

1607.

15 July at 7 p.m. I began to cut and bush up the garden of Roses at Lambeth
Marsh ^ and I began in the north west part and made som dossen bushes or
better.

30 Aug. I put the gilliflowers in the flower (?) garden.

^ Lambeth Marsh was due east of the end of Westminster Bridge. Seven
houses only are shown there in a map of 1560.

310

GARDEN LISTS

Trees planted in 1608.

Anno 1608 the 29 of November post mer. I set the framboy trees under the
west pall all along at Lambeth Marshe post mer. at 30 p. 3 in Haufilds garden.

The 7 dai Decemb. 9 I set the willovves all alonge towarde the Lane, and at
afternon at 33 set the first rose tre at the bankes end toward the door by the
Lane d in 0 d

The 8 dai 11 p.m. at 2, I set the rest of the rose tres all along the bank towards
the Lane d in 0 . . pt a $ ap A in >^ & 6 more rose tres on the bank at
Davies syd toward the lane.

The 9 dai $ I set all the other rosse .... toward Davies syd from the pryvi
Doun toward the Lane but only 6 which wer set the night before those that stand
towards Davies syd towards the Lane.

Also the 9 dai December I set the 6 philberts and the 2 pech trees and they
stand right against the postes at the ends, vz. toward the lane & towards the hous.
The camonill on the banck by the pryvi and the premrose were set the 9 dai at
3 p. merid.

The 16 dai of Decemb. $ p.m. I set the roses and 2 apple tres all along by
the palle toward Hammons garden & Mr. Walters garden except those west the
arb exept to Mr. Walterers garden d in iij^.

The roses by the gose berryes and all the small roses under Waterers pall wer
set 1609 the 4 of January a.m. between 9 & 11 of the pmeks (?).

The first beanes I set this year 1609 wer set the 7 dai of January ^2 • • • between
8 & 9 &; they wer set in Haufilde garden all along from the corner of the pall
from the pryvi by the Raspis & so along by John Davies garden to the lane, &
all along the banck by the lane in both gardenes, & they wer watered 24 howares
befor, 4 daies befor the d was at full.

[MS. Ashm. 2402, f. 37.]

iv. Lord Salisbury's Garden at Hatfield, 161 i.
See below under J. Tradescant.

V. Richard Shanne's Garden List, 1615.
See p. 264.

Richard Shanne of Woodrowe near Methley in Yorkshire was
planting woods and orchards as early as 1577. The entries in his
diary come down to 1617, so that it is exceedingly probable that
many of the plants named in his list were being cultivated by him
long before the date of the writing out of the list. His observations
on the weather are of great local interest.

, THE NAMES OF ALL THE HERBES

growinge together at this daie in my Garden^
and fyrst of the plants called gram en striatum.

Richard Shanne. 161 5.

Ladies Girdle. Bulbed blewe flower de luce.

Blewe flower de luce. Bulbed Chaungable flower de luce.

Purple „ „ An other bulbed „ „

Whit ,, „ Stinkinge Gladon.

Narrowe leaved flower de luce. Kings Speare.

An other flower de luce. Gladeolus cleare red.

Velvet „ „ „ way red.

SHANNE 161.5

Yellowe Lillie with — blades.
Day „
May „
Whit

Great red Lillie.
Small red
Pearle red „
Calcedonian Lillie.
Mountaine „
Swete yellowe „
Imperiall „
Hyachinthus Whit flo:
„ purple.
„ Ash ciilloiir.
„ Skye collour.
„ Botroides.
„ bush topp.
Narcissus yellowe Circle.
„ redd Circle.
„ doble flowers.
„ yellowe flowers.
Tulipa w*-' yellowe flowers.
Tulipa precox with yellowe flowers.
„ with flowers redd & yellow.
„ bright red flowers.
„ darke red flowers.
„ whit flowers.
„ apple blome cullour

and thirtie or fortie more
varieties.
Fritillaria Chekered Daffodilly.
Doble Daffodillie.
Snowe Dropps.
Saffron three kynds.
Starr of Jerusalem.
Starr of Bethlem.
Scodoraprasum.
Sarpents Molie.
Raphanus.
Dittander.
Tarragon.
Succorie.
Endive.
Orach whit.

„ redd.
Winter cherries.
Yellowe henbane.
Doble poppie divers kynds.
Anemone scarlet coullour.

,, blewe flowers.
Munkes Ruberbe.
Bistorte.
Scurvie grasse.
Adders tounge.
Herbe Trewlove.
Lunaria minor.

„ maior.
Rose plantaine.
Goulden Rodd.
Sopewort Gentian.
Bell flowers.

Dames violetts.
Doble campions.
Flower Constantinople.
Lysimachia blewe flower.
„ purple flower,
yellow flower.
Thorowe leafe.
Tutsan.

Time of Candie.
Yellow Time.
Winter Savourie.
Sommer „
Dodder.
Whit Hyssope.
Yellow „
Greene

Lavander gentle.

„ spike.
Maile Lavander.
Gilliflowers manie kindes.
Sweet Williams.
London Tufts.
Thrift.
Sneese wort.
Gromell.
Everlastinge.
Cost Marie.
Maudlaine.
Doble Tanseie,

feverfewe.
Germander.
Sweet marjerome.
Pott
Yellow
Pennie Riall.
Mints divers kynds.
Calamints.
Balme.
Motherwort.
Avicen's Agrimonie.
Sawwoorte.

Betanie w*^ whit flowers.
Mountaine Scabious.
Great blewe Bottell.
Marigoulds all the kynds.
Sage divers kynds.
Claray.

Oculus Christi.
Doble Cowslipps.
Double Primrose.
Bears eare.
Spotted sanicle.
Sanicula alpina.
Ladies mantle.
Enula campana.
Borage w*'^ whit flowers.

„ blewe „
Comfrey w*^ whit „
„ purple „
Cowslipps of Jerusalem.
Dragon.

312

GARDEN LISTS

Assarabacca.

Whit Double Violets.

Blew „ „

Ladies Bovver or Virgins Bow.

An other Virgins Bower.

Periwincle w*^ whit flowers.

„ purple flowers.

„ blewe flowers.

Asclepias.
Salamons scale.

Double holihocks sundrie collours.

Single „ divers kynds.

Mary mallowes.

Musled Cranes bill.

Double Gouldins.

Globe flowers.

Wolves baines two kynds.

Hellibor Blacke.

Bastard Hellibore.

Double peonie redd.

„ „ white.
Female the lesse.

M „ „ great.
Maile „
Angellica.
Bastard pellitorie.
Herbe Gerard.

Clounes AUheale.

Lovage.

Corianders.

Smallage.

Alexanders.

Fennell (giant).

Dill.

Chervill.

Myrhis or Sifilis.

Spignel.

Filipendula.

Setwall Valerian.

Grekish

Larkes peele redd, white & blew.

Columbines all cullours doble.

Romaine wormwood.

Oke of Jerusalem.

Lavander Cotton.

Asparagus.

Madder.

Carduus benedictus.

Ladies thistle.

Artichokes.

Cirsium.

Kidnie beanes.

Lupines.

Rewe.

PLANTS

Red Rose.
Whit „
Damask Rose.
Provence „
Yellowe „
Cynamon „
Muske „
Gelderland „
Rosmarie.

Woodbine thorow leafe.

Leneholans.

Pescod tree.

OF WODDIE SUBSTANCE

Yellowe Goosberies.
Red Goosberies.
Savey Tree.
Tamariske.
Privitt.
Chesnut Tre.
Sycamor Tre.
Quince Tre.
Medler Tre.
Mulberie Tre.
Job's teares.
Firr tre.

vi. William Coys' ^ Garden 1604-1616.

William Coys' garden at Stubbers in Essex has already been
described, p. 17. It will always be remembered in horticulture as
the classic locality where the Yucca first flowered in England,

^ Mr. C. B. Russell has very kindly supplied extracts from the Parish
Register of North Ockendon which show that William Coys was buried on
9 March 1627, having lost his wife Mary ten years previously. His tomb-
stone which is not now visible, is stated in the Essex Archaeological Society^ s
Journal^ to have borne an inscription, the dates of which do not agree with
those given in the Register. It probably ran as follows:

Here under ly buried the Bodies of William Coys of Stubbers in this
parish Esquier, who decessed the 6 day of March 1627 and of Marie his
wife, the second daughter of Giles Aleyne of Hasleigh Hall in the County

COYS

and whence Goodyer obtained so many Spanish plants from the
stock recently imported by the traveller William Boel. We now
know that it was the station whence the newly imported Ivy-leaved

Noitailoriofeeku & of 'mtA XV C A.

(iitlm Clari^mus & piiffimus V.D. G:tiLCoy:

Coys' Yucca, after Lobel, 1605.

of Essex, Esq who decessed ye 13*^ Day of March 1617 who had issue
8 sonnes and 6 daughters

And here 's the worst that envious Death could doe
Let loose two soules that long'd to Heaven to goe.
Of his fourteen children, Matthew, bapt. 1594, bur. 1595 ; Daniel, bur. 1595 ;
Maralah, b. 1596; Matthew, bapt. 1596; and Sylvanus, bur. 1613, are ali
mentioned in the Register. Giles Coys, whose children were born between
1627 and 1632, was the eldest son. The signatures of both William and Giles
Coys are written on the title-page of a copy of Dalechamp's Historia generalis
Plantarum, 1587, now in the Sherardian Collection in the Botanic Garden at
Oxford. Both volumes are inscribed ^ Liber Gulielmi Coys^ ab M"*''^ Riniee
Junii 18, 1604, nunc vero Aegidii Coys Sept. 4, 1627 *.

By inquiry at Somerset House I found his will (P.C.C. 37 Skynner). It was
dated 8 Dec. 1618 and proved 2 April 1627, Giles Coys being named as sole
executor.

GARDEN LISTS

Toadflax spread over England, where Goodyer learnt about a new
species of Elm, saw many other plants for the first time, and whence
he stocked his Hampshire garden at Droxford.

Veast and Bee7\

If in 1 5 15 so supreme a genius as Leonardo da Vinci did not
despise the petty details of the preparation of his national drink,
and wrote letters thereon deprecating a bad habit of making wine
in uncovered vessels, so that the essence escaped to the air during
fermentation, surely a scientific history of cultivators of plants
should take cognizance of the first advances in practical brewing.
With the name of Coys may be associated some of the earliest
recorded experiments of an exact nature in what is the most
fundamental operation in the whole of Biochemistry — the production
of alcohol from malt. Beer has not always been the national drink
of the Englishman. Only a very few years before Coys' childhood,
an English author on Dyetary thought it necessary to define in
print what this new drink, beer, really is. ' Bere is made of malte,
of hoppes, and water : it is a naturall drynke for a Dutche man.
And nowe of late dayes it is moche used in Englande to the
detryment of many Englysshe men.'-^

The older recipes give hardly more detail than this.^ Without
knowing of its existence as a plant William Coys had made a
detailed study of the culture of the Yeast plant, the results of which
he communicated to Lobel, who printed them in 1605.^ It is
clear that he knew from experience that a small rise or fall of
temperature would profoundly alter the working of yeast, and
that he introduced improvements in the brewing of beer. Coys
may not improbably have received his first lessons in the art
of brewing from persons who could recall a time when no hop-
brewed beer was made in England, for hops, it is believed, came to
England from Flanders on one and the same ship with ' peacocks
and heretics', or, more precisely, between 1520 and 1524. An
account of brewing as practised in France had recently been
published in 1600 in Surflet's translation of the Maison Rustique
by Charles Stevens (Estienne), but the use of yeast is not as well

^ Boorde, Dyetary, x. 256. 1542.

^ Possibly Dr. Walter Bayley's MS. entitled ^ Explicatio Galeni de potu . . .
et praecipue de 7iostrae Alae et Biriae paratione, might be helpful, but though
said to have been in the Library of Robert, Earl of Aylesbury, it is not now
to be found' (D'A. Power).

^ Lobel, Adversaria pars alte7'a, 1605, pp. 471-2.

COYS AND BREWING

explained as in Coys' account. Owing to the improved methods
of brewing advocated by Coys and others, English Beer made
from Barley and Hops, became ' famous in Netherland, for England
yields plenty of Hops '.^

The following is a somewhat free translation of Lobel's Latin
version of Coys' recipes.

The fullest and most precise directions in the English language for
the brewing of the most agreeable and wholesome of all German &
English Cerevisia or Beer^ that is at once most siiitable for use in
warm countries, received from the illustrious Mr. William Coys, the
highly skilled Botanist.

^ Heat 40 gallons of river water, but do not let it boil. Draw off a third
• part into a tub and soak in it one measure of the best malt, crushed
soft, for a whole hour or longer, but without heating. At the end of this time
the liquor, known in England and Belgium as Wort, is strained into a suitable
vessel by withdrawing a spigot from a hole at the bottom of the tub. While the
straining is in progress, heat another third of the water, as described, and pour
it on the liquor that has been strained for an hour.

But if you wish to brew a larger quantity of rather stonger beer, pour the
second part of the hot water on to the strained malt and let it infuse for an hour
or an hour and a half. At the same time heat the strained wort first prepared
with 4 ounces of flowers of Hops — and for the same time (i-i^ hours), then
strain through a hair sieve and cool by pouring it into a tub. In this tub the
wort must not be more than a foot in depth, though in winter it may be a little
deeper. When it has got cool in summer (but luke-warm in winter), take up
a fair quantity in a convenient vessel, and put to it half a pound or 8 oz. of the
best barm of beer, called in English Yeast, in Belgian Gyst, and in French Gy.
The yeast should be diluted and thoroughly stirred in another vessel or pitcher
with three or four times its quantity of the strained 'W07^t. The pitcher is stood
in the remainder of the wort in the tub, and the scum frothing up in the pitcher
is allowed to overflow into the strained wort in which the pitcher is standing, so
as to work up the whole of the strained wort into a state of boiling and fermenta-
tion. The second infusion of strained wort is then poured in gently, so as not
to hinder the boiling. All this is done until the barm has risen sufficiently ;
it often rises a foot, and without reheating ; and the beverage begins to smell
like the strained liquor, but not bitter (for Cerevisia rapidly acquires a flavour
of vinegar). Finally, the Cerevisia is kept in vessels that are filled and closed
after the effervesence is over.

Light Beer. If you want a light beer (such as we usually find agreeable in
summer), mix the first and last strained liquors : heat, add a sufficient quantity
of hops, and proceed as aforesaid. Pour the third and last part of the hot water
on the malt to yield the weakest beer of all : let it soak for two hours, and then
proceed as before.

Moryson, Itinerary, 1617.

3i6

GARDEN LISTS

Then follow recipes for making :
Cerevisia Martia (March Beer) invigorating, most nutritions,
very lasthig, keeping a year.

Ale, an agreeable drink, of the flavour of wine, as used by the
first nobility of England.

Coys' Garden .1604-5.

Several early printed references to plants grown by Mr. Coys
show that he was the most enterprising amateur grower of his day
of new and rare plants in England. His success with Primulas was
praised by LobeV who noted three new kinds at Stubbers, 'Primula
verisgemino flore, altera superior e luteo, alteri inferior e viridi innato\
two varieties of the ' Primula veris ex luteolo subviridi altius laciniata
aut fimbriata \ and ^Primttla veris flore viridi umbellifera \ At that
time, c. 1604-5, Coys had in his garden :

Allium silvestre perpusillum, luncifolium moschatum. Rec. from D. Leister ^

from Montpelier.
Bellis spinosa elatior et fructicosior Herbariorum.
Colchicum minimum tenuifolium Gallaecium.
Crocus syl. Byzantinus serotinus candidus.
Frittillaria nigra, Pyrenaea. 1605.
Gladiolus minimus, flowered in May.

Narcissus Cyprius luteus polyanthes, flore pleno. Dec. 1604,

Introduced by Lete^ from Cyprus.
Parvulus Hyacinthus stellaris vernus. April 1605.

Received from George le Seigneur.
Yuca gloriosa. July 1604.

The English names in italics, taken from Gerard, are given in
the case of those plants which can be identi-fied as having been
included in Gerard's garden list of 1599. The plants without
English names, were presumably not cultivated by Gerard. The
difficult task of the determination of the greater number of the
species was undertaken by Dr. Daydon Jackson who in the most
friendly way gave up a part of his Christmas holiday to the work.

^ Lobel, Stirpiian adversaria Jtova, altera pars. Lond. 1605.

2 Perhaps Dr. Edward Lister, c. 1556-1620. Physician to Queen Elizabeth.

^ Nicholas Lete a London merchant 'greatly in love with rare and faire
flowers ' traded in the Levant. In the Bodleian Library there is an Account
of his, dated 1601-3, to Richard Sandy for £7.0 worth of drugs, including
Salsaperiglia, Sassafras, Rebarbe, Licoris, and Agarick. There are notes on
the ailments of himself and his family in the same book. One of the symptoms
of his malady, recorded by his astrologer-physician, was that ' he picketh his
nose '. He died ' about a quarter of a year after *. MS. Ashm. 181, f. 66 b.

COYS

317

Mr, Coys his Garden. 24 & 25 of March i6i6-i6jy.

Thymbra Boelii.
Cymbalaria italica.
Cochlearia mi.
Chamaelia tricoccos.
Cistus foe.

ledon.
„ mas.
Lamium 2 Clus.
Alaternus.

Cytisus maior semp. virens.
Arbor Judae cum flo.
Chamaedris laciniatis fol.
Eryngium Alpinum.
Echium flo. rubro.
„ angustifol.

omnium maximum.
Scrophularia lusitanica.
Heliotropium indicum.
Jacea capitulis hirsutis.

„ „ albo flore.

„ repens luteo flo.
Caput monacorum.
Melilot German alb. flo.

„ Italica.
Gratiola.

T^e herbe Mas tic ke. Thynms Mastichina L.

\Linaria Cymbalaria MilL\
Cochlearia danica L.
Widow waile. Cneoriun tricoccos L,
Female Holly Rose. Cistus salvifolius L.

Cistus ladaniferus L.
Male Holly Rose. Cistus parvijlorus Lain,
Scrophularia vej-nalis L.
Rharmius Alatermcs L.
Cytisus canariensis Steud,
ludas tree. Cercis Siliquastrum L.
Jagged Germander. Teucritim Botrys L.

Eryngium alpinum L.
Echium violaceum L.
Echitan creticum L,
Echium australe Lain. ?
Scrophularia frutescens L. f
Helianthus tuberosics L,
? Centaur ea nevadensis B. d^* R,
Centaurea scabiosa L.
Great Knapweed. Centaurea so 1st iti alls L,
Cnicus eriophorus Roth.
Germain Claver. Melilotus L*
Ltalian Claver, M. italica Lam.

? Hedge Hyssope. Gratiola officinalis L,
Hieratium indicum belgicum an Pylosella Syriaca.

Sweete wilde Horehound. Sideritis syriaca L. ?
Galeopsis Clus. Hungarie Dead Nettle. Lamium Orvala Z.

„ flo. rubeo Clus.
Cattaria media.
Cynoglossum boeoticum.
Scorzonera latifolia. E.R.

„ angustifolia.
Valeriana flo. albo.
Salvia indica.

Tithymalus characias monsp.

„ serratus.
Sesamoides argentea.
Teucrium arborescens.
Stoebe Sarmantica altera.

Lamium var. ?
Nepeta Cataria L. ?
CynoglossuDi pictmii Ait. ?
Vipers grasse, Scorzonera hispanica Z.

Scorzonera angustifolia L.
Centranthus ruber DC. var.
Indian white Sage. Salvia officinalis L,
Spurge. Euphorbia Characias L.

[Etiphorbia serrata L.\
Astrocarpus Clusii f. Gay?
Tree Germander. Veronica Teucrium L.

Great Silver Knapweede.
Centaurea salmantica L., vel C. splendens L,
Cnicus alter Clusii. Carduncellus caeruleus Less,

Jacea palustris lusitanica. n. d[escriptum].^

Centaurea Seridis 3 maritima Lange ?
Phaleris bulbosa. Phalaris bulbosa L.

Beros ex Hispa. g. Barbarae spec. Barbarea praecox R. Br. ?

Cirsium maius. Cnicus dissecttis Willd., vel Cn. heterophyllus Roth.

Dr. Jackson considers that this must be the 'Jacea marina' of Parkinson.

3i8

GARDEN LISTS

Matricaria grata odore. Sweete Feverfew. Pyrethruvi Partheniufn Sm.
Hieratium Baeticum. Cjiicus Acarna L,

Telephium legittimum Imperati. Telephhun hnperati L.

Petroselinum virginian.^ Selinum. Conioselinuni canadefise Torr. Gray f
Anthyllis valentina, vel Herniaria Boelii. Frankenia hirsuta L,

Aconitum luteum ponticum. Yellow Wolfes bane.

Aconitum Lycoctonum L.
flo: Delphinii. Larkesheele Wol/esbane. Delphiniii7?i elatU77i L.
Nepitella vel Cattaria minima. Nepeta Cataria Z., vel ^V. Nepetella Koch,
Cattaria tuberosa. Nepeta tuberosa L.

Daucus cretensis. Candle Carols. AlkaTnanta cretensis L.

Gramen plumosum. Calatnogroslls Epigeios Roth, vel Stipa pennata L.
Branca ursina. Garden Beares breech. Acanthus mollis L.

Acanthus silv. acculeatus. [Acanthus splnosus Z..]

Scolymus Theo. Golden Thistle. Scolymus hlspanicus L.

Pimpinella agrimoniaefolio. Poterlmn hybridum L.

Primula veris minima. Primula minijna L.f

Smyrnium creticum. Alisanders of Candle.

Smyrnlum rotundifolmm Mill.
Hedysarum clipeatum. B tickler Hatchet Vetch.

Hedysarum coronarhmi L.
Rha Ponticum verum.^ Rheum rhaponticum L.

„ Helenii folio. Centattrea Rhaponticum L.

Abrotanum foam. Female Southernwood. Arteinisia arborescens L.
Buglossum scorpioides. Echium vulgare L. ?

Hipposeii[n]um marittim. Quick.^ Sfnyrnium Olusatrum L.

Valeriana petraea. Valeriana tripteris L.

Buphthalmum i Mathioli. Anthefnis tinctoria L.

Foeniculum silv. lusitanicum. Foeniculum piperiium DC. f

Lychnis vectensis. Silene ??iaritima L. ?

Mentastrum montanum. Nepeta nuda L.

Alsine major baccifera. Creeping Chick7veede. Cucubalus baccifer I..
Bell is spinosa. Chrysanthemum flosculosum L.

Viola mariana. Marian Violet^ or Coventrie Bels.

Campanula medium L.

^ There is no ' Petroselinum ' in the flora of U.S.A.

- ' Found wilde in some of the lies about our own land by Mr. William Quicke,
a worthy Apothecarie in his time, who gave me and Mr. William Cois a famous
gentleman, and a great lover of plants, some of the seede, supposing it to be
differing from the common sort, but after they were growen up, we all saw
there was no diversitie.' Parkinson, Theatrum, p. 930.

^ Perhaps the first dated mention of Rhubarb in an English Garden.
Parkinson, 1 heatj-um, p. 157, narrates how it was brought from Thrace to
Prosper Alpinus at Padua, from whence some Apothecaries in Venice had it;
and Master Doctor Matthew Lister, being in Venice, obtained 3 or 4 seeds,
which he sent to Parkinson who flattered himself that he was the first to grow
the plant in England. His plants seeded within two or three years and he was
able to furnish 'many other his friends, as well in England as beyond Sea':
Coys may have been among the number.

COYS 1616-17

3^9

Myagrum thlaspi facie. Erysimum cheiranthoides L.

Oenanthe apii folio. Oenanthe pimpinelloides L,

„ & cicutae folio. Hemlocke Dropwoort. Oe?ianthe crocata L.
Hysopus flo. albo. White fiowred Hyssope .

Hyssopus officinalis L. var.
Millefo ium odoratum. Achillea odorata L.

Carduus Aspho. radice monsp. Cnicus pratensis Willd.?

Trachelium gyganteum. Giants Throatewort. C. latifolia L.

Herba Doria. Captain Doreas Woutidivoort. Senecio Doria L.

„ „ altera Virg. [aurea ?]. Golden rod. Solidago Virgaurea L. ?
Absinthe insipida. Unsavorie Wormwood. Artemisia inodora Mill.
Oxalis franca. Round-leafed Sorrell. Rumex scutatus L.

Selicio Italorum. Sea cabbage rom. Brassica oleracea,wz.Y.sabellica DC.
Chondrus dens leonis . . . lob. [writing indistinct]. Leontodon tuberosus LJ
Chamaemelum albo duplo. flo. Double Cammomill.

Anthejnis no bills L.Jl. pleno.
Betonica maior Danica. Betonie. Stachys Betonica Benth.

„ „ albo flore. ."^ Stachys Betonica, Benth. var.

Colus lovis. Jupiter's Distaffe. Salvia ghctinosa L.

Heptaphillon maius. Alcheinilla alpina L. ?

Levisticum verum Gerrar. Siler mont. Lob. True Lovage.

Laserpitium Siler L.
Geran. haematodes rubro flore Clus. Storks bill.

Geraniu7n sanguineum L.
Clematis surrecta Pan. Clus. Ladies Bowre. Clematis Viticella L.

Libanotis. Herbe Franc kincense. Seseli Libanoiis Koch.

Seseli. Spanish Toothpikes. Amini Visnaga Lain.

Mentha Romana. ^Mentha spicata L.]

Ranu[nculus] globosus. Globe Crowfoote or Locker gowlons.

Trollius europaeus L.
Anemone nemorum albo pleno flo. Double Wild White Wind/lower.

Aneinone nemorosa L. var.
Crassularia maior Hispanica. Great Orpin. Sedum Telephium L. ?
Ptarmica imperati. Xeranthe77iui7i aiinuum L.

Arisarum latifol. Broad leafed Friers Hood. Arisaru77i vulgar e Targ^
Lactuca virgiana. Lactuca canadeiisis L. ?

Hypecoum Clusii luteo flore. Horned wilde Cu77iin.

Hypecou77i procu77ibens L. ?
Rosa sine spinis. Rosa alpina Z.

„ semper virens. Rosa se7npervirens L.

Hepatica coerulea mult. Blew Liuerwoo7ts.

Hepatica triloba Chaix. var.
N Asphodelus bulbosus maior. t Bulbous A sphodill.

Or7iithogalu77i pyrenaicum L,
Rhamnus Clusii. Rha77inus Alaternus L.

Cyclamen Rom. ) Cycla7nen europaeu7n L.

„ hederac. j Sowb7'ead with leaues like luie.

Cycla77ien hederifolitmi Willd.
Flos Adonis. Ado7iis flower. Ado7iis autU77inalis L.

[Melilotus Italica {erased).']

320

GARDEN LISTS

Pulmonaria maculata.

non maculata.
Scabiosa montana.
Cerinthe flo: rubro.
Abies vel Biota.
Halymus surrect. Clusii.
Periclymenum rectum.
Eruca maior flo. albo.
Laburnum.
Papaver spinosum.
Hyosciamus albus.
Lysimachia flo. coeruleo.
Amomum Plinij.
Nux vesicaria.

Cowslips of Jerusalem.

Pulmonaria officinalis L.
Scabiosa sylvatica L,

Bastard Sea Purslane.

Honisitckle.

? Ceriftthe inajor L.
Picea excelsa Link.
A trip lex Haliinus L.
Lonicera alpigeiia L,
Eruca sativa Mill,
Laburnum anagyroides Medic.
Argemone mexicana L.
White He7ibane. Hyoscyamus albus Z.
Blew Willow herbe. Vei'onica spicata L.
Bastard Ginnie Pepper. Solanum pseudo-capsicum L.

Bladder mtt tree. Staphylea pin?tata L.

Silybum minus flore nutajite (hanginge downwards). Carduus lacteus.

= Silybujn ebuj-neum Coss. &^ Dur. ?

The lists next following are written on the same sheet of paper,
though not under the same heading, so we cannot tell for certain
whether the plants mentioned were cultivated by Coys or not.

g.^ Aster atticus. Some of them are like to Hieracium^ nomentionof Milk 392.

Blew Starzuoort. Aster Afnellus L.
2, 3. have milk in y® roots, whether all have or no.

Inula crithmoides L. f var.
Great Spanish Orpin. Sedtim Telephium L. ?

Bishops weede. Ammi inajus L.
Amaranihus Blitum L. vel A. sylvest?'is Desf.

Argemone mexicana L. f
Purple Passeflower. Aneinone Pulsatilla L.

Golden rod. Solidago Virgaurea L.
Parsley piert. Alchemilla arve?isis Scop.
Jtipiter's Distaff e. Salvia glutinosa L.
Winter Cresses. Barbarea vulgai'is R. Br.

Lpomoea pandurata Mey. ?

Hieracium atticus,'' i.

Rapuntium.
Ammi vulgare.
Blitum.

Argemone. 300.
Pulsatilla. 304.
Virga aurea. 348.
Perchepier. 453.
Colus Jovis. 627.
Barbarea. 188.
Battata virginiana.

True Pellitorie of Spaine.

Pyrethrum.
Eriophorus.
Stramonium peregri et Spinosum.

\S . peregrimim = Smooth Thorn apples. Datura Mete I L.]

Anacyclus Pyrethrum DC.
Andryale ifttegrifolia L.

[Lis I of Virginian Plants^

Prunus Virginianus, Diospyi'os virginiana L.

Passiflora incarnata L.
Zephyranthus Atamasco Herb.

Pishimon.
Maracocc.
Attamusco bulbus.
Mosarus (?).

Aquascomense inter asterem et iaceam. {Some Composite.)

* g. probably added by Goodyer to indicate plants described in Gerard's
Herbal.

^ Dr. J. notes that the false concord suggests that Goodyer must have written
' Hieracium ' in place of ' Aster ' from its yellow, not purple, flowers.

COYS 1621-2

321

anapcor (?). Pepo.
Cerastus virginianus.*
Vitis virginiana.
Periploca.

Sumac Anonymos virginianum.
Solaniim virginianum.

Cucurbita Pepo L, ?
Prunus virginiana L. ?
Vitis Labrusca L.
Gonolobus suberosus R. Br. f
Rhus typhina L.
Solaniim carolinense L. ?

Alopecuros altera maxima Anglica paludosa. 469.

Polypogon monspeliensis Desf.
Beane. 47 1 . Vicia faba L. ?

Pabulus Hyacinthus stellatus vernus. 486. Starrie lacint.

Scilla bifolia L. ?
Italian Daffodil. Narcissus Tazzetta L. f
496. Fritillaria pyrenaica L.

Chrysanthemum flosculosum L.

Yucca aloifolia L.
Yucca gloriosa L.
Gladiolus imbricatus L.
[MS. ff. 24 V, 25.

Nar. Cyprius. 49.
Frittillaria nigra Pyrenea.
Bellis spinosa. 508.
T//acori Clu. 48.
Jucca.

Gladiolus minimus. 511.

William Coys' Second and Third Garden Lists.

Later lists in Goodyer's handwriting, dated 1621, 1632, probably
include many of Coys' plants described by Goodyer either at
Stubbers, or when they flowered in his garden at Droxford.

Yet another list of Coys' plants is contained in a comprehensive
list of garden plants known to Goodyer, which we have printed in
the form of an index. Coys* plants are marked with the letter C.
324 names are so marked. See p. 387.

In the 1622 list, plants already included in the 162 1 list are
omitted, but are marked with an asterisk in the 1621 list.

1621. 1622.
Acarna flo: rubro.
Aethiopis.

Alsine maior baccifera. Antirrhinum.

Arum quorundam.
*Aracus maior Boet.

Argemone Pavio.
*Asperula flo: coeruleo.
*Astragalus marinus Lusit.

Astrantia nigra.

Atractilis flo: luteo.

Behen rubrum monspel.
Beros ex Hyspania.
Beta marina.
„ alba.

„ rubra. Beta Candida et rubra.

Blattaria flo: albo et luteo. Borago sempervirens.

^ Cerastus, probably = Cerasus.

GARDEN LISTS

1621,

Blitum spinosum Creticum.
Brassica monospermos.

1622.

Botrys.

Brassica multifida.

Caltha silvestr. Baet.

Capons taile gras.

Caput monachorum.

Carduus globosus.

Cerefolium vulgare.
*Cerinthe flo. rubro.
*Christophoriana.

Chrysanthemum inscript. Baeticum.

Calami ntha mont praestantior.

Caucalis maior Baet.
Centaurea ma us.

creticum flo: luteo.
tenuifolium Baet.

*Cicer rubrum.

Cicutaria marina.

Clymenum Matthioli. Lathyrus.
*Cochlearia Batavorum.

Consolida regalis.

Convolvulus coerul. minor Baet.
Conyza odorata.
Cucumer agrestis.
Cyanus varius.
„ flo. albo.

Delphinium elatius variorum colorum.

Etrioselinum.

*Eringium Alpinum flo. albo. Eringium Alpinum flo. coeruleo.

Ervilia.

Faba veterum.

„ foliis serratis.
Flos Adonis.

Flos Africanus maior multiplex.
*Foenum graecum.

Geranii Baet. spes.
* Geranium Creticum.
Gramen cristatum Baet.

lupuli glumis.

*Heptaphyllon maius.
Herba Doria Narbonensis.
Hieratium stellatum.

Hedysarum clypeatum.

falcatum.
intibaceum.

Hippolapathum rotundifol.
Hordeum nudum.
Hyosciamus luteus. Nicotiana.
Hypecoum Clusii.

Lagopus flo. ruberrimo.

Lamium 2"^ Pannonicum exoticum Clus.

Holyhock.

Hormium flo. coeruleo.
Hyssopus flo. albo.

GOODYER

1621.

Lapathum sativum Rhabarbarum

monachorum.
Linaria minor aestiva.
Lathyrus Dumetorum Baet.

„ flo. miniato.

„ palustris Lusit.

„ edulis Baet flo. albo.

„ Baet. flo. coeruleo.

„ aestivus flo. luteo.
Legumen pallidum, vlissiponensis.
Lens maior.

* „ minor.
Lychnidis Baet. spes.
Lychnis Calcedonica flo: carneo.

J, „ flo. rubro.

Lychnis coronaria flo: suaverubente,

„ „ flo. rubro.

*Lysimachia virginiana.

* „ flo: coeruleo.

*Malva flo. ampio Baet. aestiva.

Medica maxima spinosa spes.
*Medica maioris Baet. spes prima.

* „ „ spes altera.
Medica Anglica minor.
Medica maior pericarpio piano.

*Melilotus Italica.

* Indiae orientalis.

* „ Germanica.

* „ officinarum flo. luteo.
*Melissa Turcica.

Mill mountaine.
Myagrum monospermon.

* Thlaspi facie.

Napellus vulgaris.
Nasturtium hortorum vulgare.
„ crispum.

Oenanthe angustifolia.
Orobus hebariorum receptus.

Panax heracleum alterum.
*Panicum.

Papaver multiplex variorum colorum.

Rhoeas Baet.
*Perfoliata.
Petroselinum virginianum.
Petum Indicum foho pene obtuso.
*Phalaris maior.

„ minor Baet. semine nigro.
Phu minus.

1622.

Millium nigrum.
Millefolium odoratum.

Myrrhis.

Good neighbourhood.
Nigella Damascena.

Papaver cornutum flo: rubro.

Phalaris Baet.

Y 2

3^4

GARDEN LISTS

1621.

Pisum maculatum.
,, quadratum.
*Pomum spinosum flo. albo.
*Psillium.

*Ptarmica Imperati.

Raphanus hortensis radice albo toto,
„ niger
*Rubia spicata.

Scabiosa montana maior flo. luteo.
Scorpioides Bupleuri folio.

„ siliqua crassa.

„ Matthioli.
Scorsonera latifolia.
*Securidica maior.

1622.

Pimpinella Agrimoniae foliis.

Sanicula guttata.

Silibum minus flo. nutante.
Sinapi sativum alterum.
*Solidago Saracenica.
Sonchus Africanus Boelio.

Tanacetum inodorum.
*Thlaspi Drabae folio.
Trifolium odoratum.
Vaccaria.

Valeriana graeca flo. coeruleo.
* „ mexicana.

Verbascum 4*^^"^ Matthioli.
*Vicia Indica fructu albo.

Vrtica Romana. 136.

Smyrnium Creticum,

Stachys genuina Gerardo.
Spina solsticialis.

Redd storks bill.
Tanacetum incipidum.
Trachelium flo. coeruleo et albo.
Tragopogon foliis laciniatis.

„ flo: purpureo.
Viola Mariana.

Lobi a Dn6 Zouch.^

1621 — 136

1622 — 70

206

Sent 23 sheets wherein are 103 descriptions.

* Edward Lord Zouch had a fine Physic garden at Hackney, of which
Lobel had charge. He had travelled abroad and introduced to English gardens
the Thorn Apple from Constantinople, the 'Small Candie Mustard' {Iberis
umbellata L.) which grew in ' Austria, Candy, Spain, and Italy, in untoiled
places and by high waie sides and the Great Honie woort {Cerinthe major L.)
(Gerard, Herbal, pp. 207, 277, 431). Lobel tells us that his plants included
' Sedum Norvegicum minus', ' Linaria lutea minima altera', ' Betonica Danica
maxima', ' Phaseolus . . . Indicus ', and that in 1605 he had a ' new Physic
Garden ' in which (presumably) he grew ' Hyacinthus stellaris Bizantinus alter
elegantissimus serotinus bullatus ' from Constantinople, ' Moly luteum Botani-
corum, fl. 1604' and 'Pancratium Indicum alterum vernum, fl. 1605', Lobel,
Adv, altera pars. y pp. 467, 486, 502.

GOODYER

3^5

Seeds rec.froin Mr. Coys 22 Marcii 1622.
The greater aples of love.
Smaller aples of love,
blevve sommer byndweed.
Rose Columbines.
White rose Columbines.
Partie cullered Columbines.
Duble redde Columbines,
flov^^er gentle,
fether grasse.
greate Larkes peeles.
the lesser duble french marigolds,
the greater duble french marigolds.
Duble nigella.
Spanish Nigella.
Duble Pansyes.
The marvells of Peru.
The square pease.
Crimson Scabious,
flowers of y*^ sun wth white seed.

wth black seed.
Trefoyle wth a crimsen bush.^
Balme tyme.

In toto 22.

This seed list being in Goodyer's handwriting probably relates to
seeds sown by him at Droxford.

vii. The Franquevilles' Garden, 1605, 161 7.

The List of Plants seen in Franquevilles garden is very short.
It does not even include the Jerusalem Artichoke, in connexion
with which his name will always be famous, for he supplied the
original two roots to Goodyer in 1617. It is possible that he had
no very great collection of novelties at the time of Goodyer's visit.

There were two John de Franquevilles, senior and junior, and
it is now impossible to distinguish their respective horticultural
successes. Both were described by Lobel in 1605 as ' mercatores
Cameracenses or merchants of Cambrai, and their trading was
evidently with France and the eastern Mediterranean.

Franqueville's Plants noticed by Lobel c. 1600-4.

Acorus indicus aromaticus from Th. Warner from the W^est Indies.
Colchicum polyanthes. sive multiflorum. Collected by J. Franqueville in Cambrai

— a mile from * Niervi '.
Colchicum polyanthes candidum eleganti rubore varium.
Corona polyphyllos sive foliosa.

326

FRANQUEVILLE

Crocus luteus. 3 vars.
Gladiolus minimus. May.

„ flore albo. From J. Robin in 1601
Hyacinthus minimus serotinus elegans.

„ stellatus Byzantinus v. exoticus Someri.
Iris bulbosa alba.

Lilium Corona platicaulos, sive laticaulis. 1600.

Lilium montanum luteum. 3 vars.

Lilium sylvestre — Martagon imperiale.

Moly luteum botanicorum. Pyrenees. 1604.

Narcissi toti lutei praecocis Septentrionalium.

„ floris lutei multiplicis varietates.
Narcissus Cyprius luteus polyanthes fl. pleno.
Ranunculus tripolitanus.

20 Marcii i6iy in Franqzievils.
[g. = In Gerard's Garden List.l
Agnus castus. Vitex Agnus Castus L

hellebo alb. ver. flo. rubente. {See below).
g. Clem[atis coerulea surrecta] Pan[nonica Clusii]. Bitsh Ladies Bouure.

Clematis integrifolia L.

Mart[agon] alb. flo.

Phalan[gium] AUobrogicum. Anthericum Liliastrum L.

Leucoium magnum.
Hy[acinthus] lilij bulbus.

Jesi luteum seu Trifolium fruticans. Yellow Jas?mne.

Jasminum fruticans L.

g. Anagyris. Beane Trefoile. Anagyris foetida L.

Rhuum (?) plantaginis foliis albo fl.
g. Tulipa pumila. Tulipa sp.

g. Pseudo-nar[cissus] ampl. calice. Daffodill, Narcissus.

g, Lilium conval[lium] flore rubente. May Lillie with red flowers.

Convallaria majalis L. var.
g. Lotus arbor. Nettle Tree. Celiis australis L.

[Cf- p. 339.]

Cerasus pumilus. Prunus cerastts pumila L.

Seseli Peloponense alter,
g. Condrilla coeruleo flore. Sowthistle with blew fiowers.

Laciuca perennis L.

Mentha Danica. Mint. Mentha sp.

g. Ribes . . . ruber. Red Corrans. Ribes rubrum L.

[MS. f. 25 V.

Of the 8 plant-names marked F in Goodyer's List of Plants (1620?),
the following are not included above.

g. Chamaecerasus. Dwarf e Cherrie Tree. Lonicera alpigena Z.
g. Helleborus albus flo. dp. atrorubente. White Hellebore with flowers of

a dark red colotir. Veratrwn 7tigrum L.

Laurocerasus Clusii.

PARKINSON AND GOODYER

viii. John Parkinson's Garden List, c. 1620.
There is no separate list of Parkinson's plants that is identifiable,
but there are convincing reasons for the belief that Goodyer, in his
comprehensive list of Garden Plants, p. 387, marked those which he
knew to be growing in Parkinson's garden, or which he had obtained
from Parkinson, with a capital P. 250 plants are so marked.

ix. John Goodyer's Garden Lists.

None of the many separate lists of garden plants preserved
among the Goodyer papers can be indubitably produced as that
of his own garden at Droxford or at Petersfield. The long list in
his handwriting which we print as an index includes names of many
plants known to him, and not grown either by Coys or Parkinson,
but we cannot be sure that he grew them himself. And the same
criticism applies to several short lists of plants in his handwriting
to which neither date nor locality is attached. Such are the lists
on MS. II, ff. 23, 26, 27, 28, 45, 83.

The following short list on f. 28 certainly seems to refer to his
own plants.

my Cameline similis is Leucoium sylvestre Clusii.

my Sium agrorum is Petroselinum macedonicum parvo semine.

Esula rotunda. Pomum spinosum flo. albo.

Drabis. Phyteuma mons.

Thysselinum. Buphthalmum, it came for Millefolium

Stoebe. rubrum.
Oenanthe angustifolia. Pseudodictamnus.

& altera. Cochlearia minima.

Digitalis ferruginia. Galega.

minor flo. luteo, seed. Helleborus niger.

Acanthus. Scorzonera by Sorbus.

Mercurialis. Arbor vitae.

Herniaria. Geranium Romanum.

Stachys. Daucus Hispanicus like wild chervile.

Trifolium fruticans. Tabaco.
Blattaria purp. Carduus globosus.

Iris Italorum. Leucoium melancholicum.

[MS. ff. 18, 28.

And the list of 95 names dated 16 Januarii 1620 (MS. 11, f. 83)
has every appearance of being a list of the more interesting plants in
some private garden, with references to the pages in Gerard where
they are described. This list includes ' Trinidado Tabacco

More probability attaches to two lists of plants dated 1621 and
1622 and ending with a list of seeds obtained from William Coys
in the latter year. We believe that these, or a fair proportion of
them, flowered in Goodyer's garden at Droxford, and were described
by him then and there.

328

TRADESCANT

X. The Garden Lists of John Tradescant, the Elder,

d. 1638.

The Garden of Lord Salisbury at Hatfield^ 161 1.
In 1 611 Tradescant was in the service of Lord Salisbury, who
had planted an extensive vineyard at Hatfield on a property which
had been given to him in exchange for Theobalds by James I in
1607. The site was on the north side of the River Lea, on a piece
of ground sloping to the south, hedged in with privet and sweet briar.
The vineyard had been stocked with some 30,000 vines sent by
Mme. de la Broderie, wife of the French ambassador, 500 vines
from the Queen of France, and the few Muscats mentioned below.
In the winter of 161 1 Cecil commissioned Tradescant to plant his
garden with a selection of good fruit trees and flowers then in
cultivation by the best Dutch and French growers. The original
bills, still preserved at Hatfield, contain several items of horti-
cultural interest.

John Tradescant his bill for Routes flowers^ seedes, trees and

plants by him bought for my Lo: [the first Earl of Salisbury\}

J and / January^ 161 1.

Roots of flowers, of Roases and shrubs of Strang and rare bought at Leyden
in Holland ^3 o o.

Number, Price. Tot ah

£ s. d.

Anemones (C. Helin of Harlem) 5 o

Aprycoke, The whit i dsl 6 o

(the archedukes gardener called Peere Vyens) 10 2S. 20 o

Arbor vita trees (C. Helin) 2 6d. 10
[Cherries]

Rathe ripe cherry trees (C. Helin) 32 4^. 680

Archedukes cherye (prob. of Peere Vyens) 12 \s. 12 o

Biggandres (Robyns) 24 2s. 200

Boores cherye, an excedyng greatt cherye (Harlem) i 120

Currants Great Blacke (Harlem) 12 id. i o

,, Great red (C. Helin) 6 2d. 10

[Cypress] Sypris trees (? Robyns) 2 ^ 200 is. 10 o o

Echatega, double (John Jokkat)

Frittelarias (C. Helin) 40 ^d. 10 o

Fyg trees, Whit (Robyns) 2 2s. 40

Genista hispayca (Parrys) 2 o
Gilliflowers, Bubble whit stok ) , n
Other I (? Robyns)

Irys calsedonye John Jokkat^

„ susyana „
Martygon pompone blanche

pompong orang coller
Medlar, Great M. of Naples (Brussels)

* Abstracted from the History of Gardenings 1895, by the Hon. Alicia Amherst
to whom I am also indebted for the loan of the portrait blocks of Lobel and
Parkinson. The items have been arranged in alphabetical order.

^ Tradescant's son introduced the American Cypress from Virginia.

6^.'

2S.

6d.

4J.

IS.

2S.

1 2

id.

2d.

200

IS.

Id.

2S.

2s. 6d.

Price,

Total.

•V-

2S.

I 14

2s. 6d.

- _ n J
2S. oa.

lOS.

4 0

2S.

6s.

6d.

4 0

EARL OF SALISBURY 329

Number.

Mulbery (C. Helin) 2

„ , Blak (? Robyns) 17

Myrtil tre (Parrys) 7

Ollyander „ 6

Orrang trees of on years growthe grafted „ 8
[Peaches] Alberge (? Robyns)

„ Male cotton peach „

The Troye ? „ 4
Pomgranat withe many other small trees at the root (Parrys)

Quince, Lion's (Brussels) i

Rath ripe Porlingall i

Rose, Province (C. Helin) 16

Tulips (Harlem) 800
Vines, Muscat (Master Robyns)

The plants were purchased in France and Holland. Cornellis Helin lived at
Haarlem. ' Master Robyns ' was Jean Robin (1550-1629), a famous botanist of
Paris and first curator of the 'Jardin des Plantes ' : several of his introductions
are mentioned by Gerard to whom he sent Apocynum rectum {Marsdenia
erectd), A. repens {Periploca graeca), Christophoriana {Actaea spicafa, L.),
Croats hiteus, Epimediiim alpinu?n, Tropaeolum majus, Lepidium sativum^ L.
van, Geranium lucidum^ L., Dattira Metel^ L. ; ' peere vyens ' we have inter-
preted as the name of the Archduke's gardener ; the name of Vines is still
remembered in connexion with the Cambridge School of Botany, but in
Tradescant's bill it may denote a particular kind of vine. A re-examination
of the MS. might settle the question. Of Mr. John Jokkat we have no further
information. A few of the plants grown in a French garden of the period are
exquisitely depicted in an album recently exhibited in the S. Kensington
Museum for its beautiful late sixteenth-century binding. The volume contains
the name de Morogttes, and may turn out to be a horticultural work of great
interest.^ The watermark of the paper is French, c. 1570.

To this first period may be referred the interesting collection of
coloured drawings of fruit-trees, popularly known as ' Tradescant's
Orchard', now in the Bodleian Library (MS. Ashmole 1461). It
has been suggested that the artist was the Alex. Marshall mentioned
in Musaeiirn TradescantianMm, p. 41. Among the names of the
fruits, written by some person who was evidently quite as illiterate
as the elder Tradescant, is an entry ' The Amber Plum which J.T.
as I take it brought out of France and groweth at Hatfeld This
shows that the writer of the names is not likely to have been
Tradescant himself. The collection of trees illustrated, which are
arranged in the order of fruiting, may have been similar to the
selection chosen by Tradescant for Lord Salisbury : the pictures
were certainly painted as a guide-book for the use of visitors to the
garden ; on the first page is written ' Heare by the figures you may
finde each fruite '.

For the sake of facilitating comparison, we have printed the

^ Since identified by Mr. S. Savage as the work of ' Jaques le Moyne dit de
Morgues Paintre', author of La Clef des Cha7nps^ 1586.

330

GARDEN LISTS

names of the fruits in italics in the right-hand column alongside
Tradescant's own fruit catalogue of 1634. See p. 343.

In 161 8 Tradescant was engaged in ' A Voiag of ambasad ' to
Russia with Sir Dudlie Diggs/ and had, botanically speaking,
a most successful campaign. After rounding the North Cape on
6th July, he landed at Archangel on the 16th, and finding a ' bery
growing lowe ' (the yellow Cranberry), which was eaten by the
people ' for a medsin against the skurbi ', he proceeded forthwith to
dry * sume of the beryes to get seed whearof ' he * sent par to Robiens
of Parris '.

On 20th July he had ' one of the Emporer's boats to cari him from
Hand to Hand to see what things growe upon them', and there he
found ' pinks growing natturall of the best sort we have heere in
Ingland, withe the eges ^^f the leaves deeplie cut or jaged very
finely also the Rosa Muscovita that he grew in his Lambeth
garden later. None of the other plants observed by him on the
Rose Island or elsewhere can be proved to have been introduced to
western horticulture by him at this time.

In 1627 Tradescant was botanising in the Island of Rhe, where
he went as a member of the Duke of Buckingham's expedition,^
and whence he obtained the * greatest Sea Stocke Gillofiower '
(Matihiola sinuata),

Lambeth Garden, 1629-33.

Thanks to Goodyer and Ashmole, we have unexpectedly full
notes of the plants that the elder Tradescant grew in his garden at
Lambeth from 1629 onwards. He appears to have kept notes of
additions to the garden on a few blank pages at the end of his copy
of Parkinson's Paradistis, printed in 1629. This copy was acquired
by Ashmole, who also wrote in it, and it has recently been added
to the Bodleian collections at a cost of £%'^?

1 MS. Ashmole 824.

2 A MS. account of this adventure is in MS. Ashmole 824, ff. 187-192, imme-
diately after Tradescant's autograph account of the Russian Expedition, so that
it may also have belonged to him.

3 The volume has been described in the Bodleian Quarterly Record and in
greater detail by Mr. Boulger in A seventeenth-century Botanist Friendships
J. Bot. 1918, p. 197. There is stated the evidence for the identification of the
MS. additions as the work of Tradescant and Ashmole, but the quotations from
them leave much to be desired in point of accuracy, ^r's are often transcribed as
t's,p as q, 16 as i 6, &c. It should be mentioned that the entry of Elias Ashmole's
monogram-signature in the body of the book is dated 1680.

TRADESCANT

331

Reseved since the Impression of this Booke.

In primis.

from Morine.

from Mr. Robine.
fro?n Holland.

from France
Robyne.

from Moimser
Roby?te.

Sittissos Amarantinum.
Barba Jovis.
Polygolan.

Digitalem lutem maior.
Frittillaria Aquitanica.
Rosam Vittriensem.
Cogciggrum Plinnii.
The great whyt Renunculus single,
on other sort of whyt Renunculus single.
Renunculus Drape de Argent,
Anemone Duble Greene with a littill leafe.
A thrice fayer Duble Anemone whyt Anemone,
on other sort of Bubble whyt Anemone.
Tulipa perte maior.
Cardinalis planta 2.
on Aster.

on Vyola matronallis.
Plattanos arbor
Cogciggra or shumahat

Iris Affracanis.
Iris pertyca.

6 Anemones tenuifoUio Duble.
4 latifollio Duble Anemones.

on German Rose of Mr. Parkinson from Mounser Robine,

whiche is called Rosa Austriaca flore phenissio.
4 more Roses whereof Mr. Tuggy hathe two.
on Strang vyene.
on Red Honnysoccle.
Two Irisses without name.

from Mr. Humfry Slaynie.

Arbutus slipes.
Tragacantha slipe.

Reseved in the yeare 1 630 from forrin partes.
on Narciss.

fro7n Constanti-
noble. Sr
Peetter Wyche.

on Ciclamen.

4 Renunculuses.

Tullipe Cafifu.

Tullipe perte.

4 sortes of Anemones.

Reseved in the yeare 1631.

W. on Tulype called the Coronell & on of hir owne.

T. S, on Tulipe Brewer 3 collers sh welcom Horn Best Golyathe.

on Palmer more good Tulipes unknowne.
Mr. Colfe. on Tulipe Beau without a Circle.

Blanck swisant.

Unick De Armenitier.

Mr. Groves olyas.

HoUias Beu.

From W. Win. Blienborgh Admirall of 3 collers olli van Dusport.

flamed Red & Whyt Crowne.
Mr. Rene. Two Holliasses.

Reseved in
In primis.

the yeare 1631 from Mr, Rene Morine}

Renunculus Asiaticus flore duplice luteo.

Narcissus Jacobei, Narcissus indecus, Narcissus flore rubro.

Semper eternum flore luteum.

Geranium noctu odorato.

1 Cf. p. 279.

33^

GARDEN LISTS

From Bmxsells. 6 Hiasinthes.

Narcissus medio luteo.
,, Narboniensis,
„ Mussart.^

In the ye are 1632.

Lotus libica.

Phillerea.

Sarsaparilla.

Smilex aspera.

Lentiscus.

Agnus Castus.

Cittissis maranthe.

Absinthum arborescente.

Cittisus panonicum Clusii.

Pseudo Dictamnum.

Vyburnum.

Lauristinus folio glabro.
Cistus folis chrispus.
„ popelium folyo.
mas.

Cortusa Americana.

Thimum verum verum Hispanicum.

Hisopium tenuifolio.

Tragacanthum.

Amanker lobelii.

Frutex Coronaria flore pleno.

Mirtis florence.

Sesely Ethiopicum.

Caradathe Americana.

Narcissus Tobago.

Ornithogalum arabicum.

Iris percicus.

Absinthium umbelatum.

folio lavendulum.
Auriggunum verum Hihipanicum.
Tumariscus Itallica.
Lutea Creatica.
Linaria odorata.
Feratium Indicum.
Serpentaria.
Arum mius.
Iris gloriossa.
Coulchicum frittilaria.
Fraxinello flore rubro.
Fraxsanela minor.
Herunde Hispanica.

In the ye are 1632.

Fraxinella flore albo.

„ minor flore albo.
Dronicum maior.
Eupatorem Nove Belgicum.

In the ye are 1633.

Abrotanum unguentaria.
Androsaca Mathioli.
Renunculus Lusetanycus odorata luteo.
Colis Jovis.

Chama Iredis 3 sorts.
Iris Anglica variagata.
Dentaria Herundelesie.

,, trefolia.

„ setfolia.
Telethium maius & minus.
Moluka.

Sentaurum magnossi.
Ciclamen flore albo.
Hulimus.

Geranium 3 spetius.
Tithemali caratius.
Pistolochia.
Hiasithus flore albo.
Chamalea tricockos.
Tulipe Chistmaker.
Tulipa se bloome.
Tricoler Nomvull.
Ratabet.
The Lyon.

Brandmburg . v

Oudenard.

De Turbone.

Tulipe svvice,

Crowne.

Canadense.

Otho Demeine.

Oliva Cappadocia.
Fro7n the frenche7nan.

The vvhyt Crown Tulipe.

Hiasinthus Brumalis.

Narcissus totus albus.

Constantinopolis.
Fro77t Mr. P loves brother.

Narcissus virginianus.
„ totus albis.
„ De Diverse specie.

Millefolium flore luteum.

Virga Aurea virgine.
from Briissells 16 tulipes.

Papaver Reas flore luteo, Radx papo-

ti. (?).
Pulegium servinom.
Frutex Canadencis Epimedium folio.
Aquilegi variagata rubro et albo.

Bell is maior Americanum Arboressente

proliffra.
Cepe Lobellii.
Aspeck.

^ Query David Mostart, mentioned by Clusius, Ctcr, Post.^ p. 19.

TRADESCANT

333

Buglosa minor sempervirente.
Fumaria arboressente flore luteo

semper virescente variagata.
Asarum maius Americana.
Absinthium innodorum.
Poligon Creticum verum luteo.
Phalangium virginianum flore albo.
Scabiosa Alpina vera.
Galliosus panonica Clusii.
Teucrum arboressente.
Aposinum Americana foliis Ascle-

poydes floribus purpureo.
Viola luteo Americana arboressente.
Tordillum maius sive Sesseli Crettica.
Alkamilla pese leonis.
Stelaria argentina.
Fillapedulla altra.
Campanella lactencis piramdalis.
Barba hersi Coronopi folio.
Cetterache.
Millifolium flore luteo.
Cianus Constantinopilus.
Cottila marinum.
Absinthium tridentinum.
Hisopium mirtifolio.
Mar Rubium.

Renunculus minor bulbose flore pleno.
Sanicula guttata montana.
Aster 4 speties.
Abrottinum altra.
Cardus bulbosus monspellesis.
Balsamum sive Osimum oderatum.
Ciclamen vernale flore rubro odoratis-
simum.

Ciclamen Antiochum & withe them

2 others.
Narcissus Virginnianum.

„ Indicus squamosus.
Ciclmen flore pleno, albo et rubro.
Denis caninis flore luteo.
Frittilari flore luteo.

„ Hispanica.
Hiasinthus Indicus tuberosa radice.
Prumela flore flore purpureo.
Gladiolus Canadencis.
Alowaye mucronata.
Mirtis flore pleno.
Sedum arboressence.
Casie Quorundum Clusii.
Hipericon arboressence.
Mispilis arona.
Piemetum realie.
Alipum motcsetie.
Annagiris feotida.
Jugibie Arabum.
Zisipha Capadocia.
Carobie.

Limonium minus angusti folio.
Mariaranum sempevirence.
Sabina bacsiffira.
Phlirea lattifolio.
Sicorum grumosa radice.
Capris vera.

Gnapphalium marinum et Cotonuri

vulgi sive Bumbax humlis.
Martigon Canadencis.
Saldanella Alpina.
Philex bacciffera.

In 1634, the year of the printing of the Catalogue, Tradescant's
Museum and Garden were one of the sights of London, and were
described as such by Peter Mundy whose manuscript is preserved
in the Bodleian Library.^

' Haveing Cleired with the Honourable East India Company
whose servant I was, I prepared to goe downe to my freinds in the
Countrey.

In the meane tyme I was invited by Mr. Thomas Barlowe ... to
view some rarieties att John Tredescans, soe went with him and one
freind more, where wee spent that whole day in peruseing, and that
superficially such as hee had gathered together . . .

Moreover, a little garden with divers outlandish herbes and
flowers, whereof some that I had not seene elswhere but in India,
being supplyed by Noblemen, Gentlemen, Sea Commaunders etts.
with such Toyes as they could bringe or procure from other
parts.' 2

* MS. Rawlinson A. 315.

^ Hakluyt Society's reprint of Mundy's Travels.

334

GARDEN LISTS

The existence of a printed list of plants grown by the elder
Tradescant in his Lambeth garden appears to have been quite
unknown to bibliographers until the recataloguing of the Goodyer
Library once more drew attention to this unique possession, which
I had the pleasure of describing in the Journal of Botany in 1920.
It is of course possible that the little book was never published, and
that the copy in the Magdalen Library is to be regarded as a proof
of a work that was never put into circulation. And this view
derives some support from a glaring grammatical mistake on the
title-page, which we reproduce. No printer of repute would have
permitted such a blunder to issue from his press.

PL ANTARVM

INHORTO

loHANNEM Trade*'
SCANT! nafcentium
Catalcgus.

NOMINA

SOLVMMODO

Solis vulgata exhi^
bens.

Abies.

Abrotanum mas.

„ foemina, id est, Chamae
cyperissus.
*Abrotanum montanum.
*Absinthium arborescens.

„ folio Lavandulae.

„ marinum, id est, Seri-

phium.^
„ umbellatum Clus.

„ vulgare.

Acanthus sylvestris.

„ sativus, zV/^j/, Branca ursina.
Acetosa Hispanica major.

„ Franca rotundifolia lobelii.
„ Indica.
Aconitum coeruleum, id est, Napellus.
* „ lycoctonum ; Luteum hiemale.
Aconitum luteum ponticum majus.

„ luteum ponticum minus.
Acorus verus.
Ageratum.

* Plant naines inarked with an * do ?iot appear in the later edition of
the catalogue pri?tted in the Museum Tradescantianum in 1656.

' First sent over from 1. of Rhe by J. Tradescant. Ger, emac. IC99.

J. TRADESCANT, SENIOR

335

Agnus castus, id est, Vitex.

Agrimonia.

Alaternus.

Alcea Veneta, id est, Alcea vesicaria.

Alkakengi.

Allium sativum.

„ maius (z) Scorodoprassum.
*Alopecuros vulgaris.

„ spica aspera.
*Alsine repens maxima.
Althaea arborea flore purpureo.

„ arborea flo. alb., mentis
01b[iae].
Alyssum Clusii, Alyssum Plinii.
*Amaranthus spersa Pannicula.

„ tricolor.

,, holosericus.
Ammi vulgatius.
Amomum Plinii.
Amygdalus.

Anagallis tenuifolia flore coeruleo.
Anemone latifolia Pavot. ma. flo. plen.
„ latif. Calcedonica flo. plen.

* „ latif. la Bruyne flo. plen.

latif. rosea flore pleno.

latif. albicans flo. pleno.
„ latif. coccinea flo. pleno.
„ latif. potorine flo. pleno.

latif. superisse flo. pleno.
„ latif. Constantinopol. flo. plen.
„ latif. aliae diversae species.
„ tenuifolia rubro flore pleno.
„ tenuif. albo flo. plen.

tenuif. albo dilut. flore pleno.

tenuif. mutabilis flore pleno.
„ tenuif. viridis flo. pleno.
„ tenuif. carnea vivacis. flo. pi.
„ tenuif. scarlata flo. pleno.
,, tenuif. Pijtk colour, flo. plen.
„ tenuif.pl. Coma-amaranthina.
„ tenuif. flore pie. roseo.

tenuif. flore pleno variegata.
„ tenuif. flore pleno purpureo.
„ tenuif. flore pleno purpureo
dilutior.

Anemone tenuif. flo. simplici Brancion.

„ flore simp, diversae species.
Angelica sativa.
*Anthora.

Anthyllis leguminosa erecta flo: rubro.
Antirrhinum maius flore albo.

,, minus flore variegato.

minus flore albo.

* „ minus sylvestre.
*[Apium, see Petroselinum.]
Apocynum Americanum.

,, alterum.

Aquilegia variegata albo & purpureo.
,, variegata albo & rubro.
„ rosea.
*Aquilegiae magna diversitas.
Aracus Baeticus.

„ clematites.
Arbor vitae vel Thyia.

„ Judae.
Arbutus, sive Unedo.^
Aristolochia clematitis.*

rotunda radice.
Armeria holoserica.
„ flore pleno.

,, flo. simpl. magna diversitas.
Arum sylvestre.
„ maculato folio.
„ maius.
Arundo Hispanica, Donax.
Asarum vulgare.
Asclepias flore albo.

„ flore nigro.
Asparagus sativus.
Asperula flore albo.
Asphodelus minor, Clusii.

Lusitanicus.
Aster caeruleus serotinus fruticans.
* alter minor fruticans & pre-

cocior.
Astragalus Baeticus.

Marinus.
Astrantia nigra.
Atractylis.

Atriplex baccifera maior.

„ minor.
Atriplicis varietates.
Avellanae diversitates.
Avena nuda.
Auricula ursi flore albo.

„ „ flore luteo maximo.

„ „ folio glabro.

„ folio luteo medio.

„ „ albo & rubro variegata.

„ „ albo & purpureo varie-
gata.

Auricula ursi flore holoserico.
„ „ flore rubro.

„ flore violaceo.
„ flore fusco.

„ „ holoserica, Potrine.
„ „ altera, Potrine.
„ ,, maxima Tradescanti flore
obsoleto.
Auricula ursi diversae species.

Balsamina foemina. ^
•Barba Jovis frutex.
Barba Hirci Tragi.^

^ Two trees, 'the largest I have seen', noted as still living in the garden in 1749 by
Sir W. Watson {Phil. Trans, xlvi).

^ A. Cleniatitis L. reported by Sir W. Watson in 1749, I.e.
' ' Barba capri ' was noted by Johnson in 1633,

33^

GARDEN LISTS

Be[he]n album.

„ rubrum.
Bellis maior.

Bellidis minoris magna diversitas.
Beta sativa.

„ spinosa Cretica, Bauhinii.
Betonica maior Danica.
Bistorta maior.
Blattaria flore luteo.

,, flore albo & violaceo.
„ maxima obsoleta.

maxima odorata flo: luteo.
Borago flore albo.

„ semper virens.^
,, flore caeruleo minima.
Botrys.

Brassica marina latifolia.
,, perfoliata.
„ foliis crispis.
striata.
Hispanica.
,, Sabaudica, varietas.
Brunella flore albo.
Bolbocastanum maius.
Buglossa sativa.
Buxus maior.
„ minor. ^
„ auratus.

Calamintha montana praestantior.
Calceolus Mariae.
Calendula flore pleno.

„ prolifera.
Caltha palustris, flore pleno.
Canna Indica flore rubro.

„ Indica flore luteo.
Cardamine flore pleno.

„ trifolia.

„ impatiens.
Carduorum diversae species.
Carduus globosus.

* ,, chrysanthemus.

Benedictus.
*Carlina, i. Chamaelaeon albus.
Carobe Americana.
Caryophyllata montana.
Caryophyllorum elegantium magna

varietas.
Caryophyllus globosus latifolius.

* Cassia quorundam, Clusii.
Castanea equina.

„ vulgaris.
Centaurium maius fol. Helenii.

„ maius flore luteo.

„ alterum Clusii.
Cerasorum diversae species.
Chamae-cerasus.
Chamae-irides variae.

Chamelaea tricoccos.
Chamaepitys secunda.
Chelidonium maius.

„ maius fol. quernis.
Chondrilla.

„ purpurea.
Christophoriana.
Chrysanthemum Creticum.

„ segetum bellidis fol.

Cichorium sativum.
Cinara sylvestris Boetica.
Cistus annuus Clusii.
,, mas.
,, foemina.
„ ledum.

flore albo.
„ flore albo alter.

foliis crispis.^
„ ledum primum Clusii.
„ ledum latif: secundum Clusii.
„ ledum quartum Clusii.
„ ledum septimum Clusii.

Halimi folio.
„ quintus Clusii.
Clematis flore pleno.
„ flore coeruleo.
„ flore rubro.
„ Virginiana.
Cochlearia Batavorum.
Coccigria.

Colchicum atropurpureum.

„ vernum.

„ flo: albo.

„ flore pleno.

„ fritillariae facie.

„ Bizantinum.

„ variegatum.

„ vulgare.

„ ex Insula Chios.
Colutea vesicaria.

„ scorpoides.
Coniza major vera.
Convolvulus minor folio Althaeae.
Coriandrum.
Cormus.

Comus fructu rubro.

„ fructu albo.

„ sylvestris.
Corona imperialis.
Coronopus maior.
Cortusa Matthioli.

„ Americana.
Crocus, Neapolitanus.
flore albo.

„ Maesiacus luteus.

„ Maesiacus flore albo.
flore luteo.

,, violaceus maior.

^ Anc/iusa sempervirens reported by Sir W. Watson in 1 749, /. c.

2 Cistus laxus, crispus, populifolius, and monspelieiisis were introduced by Tradescant.
Loudon, Ar bo )'ct 11771^ p. 50.

J. TRADESCANT, SENIOR

337

Crocus, violaceus minor.

,, flore cinereo.

„ Maesiacus argentinus.

„ Maesiacus luteo Due.
Croci florc variegato diversae species.
Cruciata Gentiana.
Crupina.

Cucumer asininus.
Cyanus maior.
Cyani hortensis varietates.
Cyclamen flo. albo.

„ folio Hederae.
„ folio Hederae Italicum.
Cynoglossum minus.

„ non descriptum.
*Cyperus longus.
Cypressus.^
Cytisus Maranthae.
,, primus Clusii.
„ secundus Clusii.

Delphinium flore pleno.
Dens caninus flo. albo.

„ caninus flo. rubello.
Dentaria tryphylla.

septifolia.
Dentillaria Rondeletii.
Digitalis flo. albo.

alba maior.
„ variegata.

ferruginea maior & minor.'^
Doronicum Americanum.
Draba flo. albo.
Draco herba.

Dracuntium maius, Serpentaria.'
Echium.

Elleborus albus.^

albus flo. atrorubente.
„ niger.
Elleboraster.
Endiviae species.
Epemedium.
Equisetum Marinum.
Eruca perigrina Clusii.

Aragonica.
Eryngium Constantinopolitanum.
planum.
„ flore luteo.

Eryngium marinum vulgare.
Esula major.

,, montana.

,, minor.
Eupatorium Novae Belgiae.

Faba Americana.
Fabarum diversae species.
Ferula Galbanifera.
*Ficus.

„ Indica.
Flamula Jovis.
Flos Africanus.

,, „ flo. pleno.

„ Constantinopolitanus fl. Miniato.
Constantinop: flore rubro.

„ Constantinop; flore pleno.

„ Passionis.

„ solis maior.

„ solis prolifera.
Foeniculum.

dulce.

Fraga fructu albo.
„ fructu maiora.
„ fructu viridi.
„ spinosa sive hispida.
„ communia.
Fraxinella flo. albo minor.
„ purpur. maior.
„ flore rubro.
Fritillaria flore rubro.
„ flore albo.
„ vulgaris maior & minor.
„ Aquitanica.
Frumenti Turcici variet. triplex.
Frutex Canadensis Epimedii folio.
„ Coronaria flo. pleno, Syringae
flore.

Galega flore albo.

,, flore carneo.
Genista Hispanica.

,, hortensis.
Gentiana maior.

„ foliis Asclepiadis.
Gentianella alpina Helvetica.
Geranium Virginianum.

„ odoratum longius radicatum.
„ muscatum.

^ Tradescant's Virginian Cypresse ' Cupressus Virginiana Tradescanti ' in the 1656
catalogue does not appear in 163^. It is Taxodium distichum Rich. Parkinson reported
English seedlings in 1640.

^ Seen in 1632 by Johnson.

3 Dracunctihcs vulgaris L. seen by Sir W. Watson, 1749 {^Phil. Trans, xlvi).

* ' Gladiolus.' * lohn Tradescant assured mee, that hee saw many acres of ground in
Barbary spread over with them.' Parkinson^ 1629, P- I9°-

^ White EUebor ( Veratrum album L.) grew ' in some partes of Russia, in that aboundance,
by the relation of that worthy, curious, and diligent searcher and preserver of all natures
rarieties and varieties, my very good friend, lohn Tradescante, . . . that as hee said,
a good ship might be loaden with the rootes hereof, which he saw in an Island there
Park. 1629, p. 346. He accompanied Sir Dudley Digges to Russia in 161 8, and was the
first man to investigate the flora of that country.

338

GARDEN LISTS

Geranium Creticum.

Indicum nocte odoratum.
• „ tuberosa radice.
„ non descriptum Dodonaei.
Gingidium.

Gladiolus Byzantinus. [See note S
flo. albo. p. 337.]

Glaux aestiva supine Lusitanica.
Gnaphalium flore albo.
Gramen striatum.
Graminis diversae species.
Gratiola.

Grossularia maxima.

maxima longa.
coerulea.
„ rubra major rotunda.
- „ media species longa.
„ rubra minor,
spinosa.
Guaiacum Patavinum.

Halimus arborescens.

Hedysarum clypeatum Lob.

Helleborus, see EUeborus.

Hepatica flore albo [twice].
,, flore coeruleo major,
,, flore coeruleo minor.
„ flore albo cum staminibus
rubris.

Hepatica coerulea flo. pleno.

„ coerulea flore pleno altera.
Herba Doria.
Hesperus Italica.
Hieracium medio nigrum.

„ lanuginosum flore luteo.

„ dentis leonis facie.
Hippoglossum.

Hippomarathrum Lusitanicum.
Horminum sylvestre Lusitanrflorealbo.
„ sylvestre Lusitan: flore coe-
ruleo.

Hyacinthus botroides flore albo.

„ botroides flo: coeruleo.

„ brumalis.

„ comosus.

„ Orientalis flore albo.

„ Orient: flore coeruleo.

„ Orient: atro-rubiens.
Peruvianus flore albo.

„ Peruv: flore coeruleo.

„ paniculatus.

„ Pyrenaeus flore albo.

„ Pyrenaeus flore coeruleo.

„ flore obsoleto, Clusii.
Hyoscyamus albus.

„ albus medio-purpureus.

Hypericum latifolium Lusitanicum.
Hyssopus sativa.

„ prolifera.
alba.

tenuifolia.
,, comosa.

Jacea maxima odorata.
„ spinosa.
„ flo. luteo.
„ aestiva elegans.
Jacobaea.

„ marina.
„ . latifolia Baetica.
Jasminum Catalonicum flo: albo.
„ flo. albo.
„ flo. luteo.
Persicum.

Ilex.

Impatiens herba Dodonaei. Persicaria

siliquosa.
Irides maiores variae.
Iris gloriosa.
„ Susiana major.
,, Clusii flore pleno.
„ Clusii flore albo.
„ Clusii flo: coeruleo.

bulbosa Anglica maior flore albo.
„ ,, minor flore albo.

bulbosa Anglica flore coeruleo.
Persica.
„ bulbosa Africana.

bulbosa Anglica variegata.
bulbosa flore luteo.
Iridis bulbosae aliae diversitates.
Irides humiles sive Chamaeirides va-
riae.

Juniperus minor.
Jucca.

Keyri mains simplex.

mains ferrugineo flo. pleno.
„ flore albo simplex.
5, flore pleno pyramidale.
,, flore pleno vulgare.
„ flore pleno auratum.

Laburnum maius.

„ minus.
Lagopus flore rubro.
Lapathum hortense.
Lathyrorum elegantium variae species.
Lavendula.

multifido folio.
Laurea cerasus.
Laurus tinus.

„ tinus folio glabro.

,, Alexandrina.

„ Gallica.
*Lentiscus.

Leucojum bulbosum maius.
„ bulbosum minus.
„ arbo. flore pleno rubro.
,, arbo. flo. pleno albo.
„ arbo. flo. pleno purpureo.
„ arbo. flo. pleno rubro varie-
gato.

Leucojum arbo. flo. pleno purpureo
variegato.

J. TRADESCANT, SENIOR

339

Leucojum marinum.^
Libanotis.

Liliasphodelus flore luteo.

„ flore albo.

Lilium album.

„ Convalium flore albo.

Convalium flo: rubro.
„ flore luteo.
„ Constantinopolitanum.
Lilac Matthioli.2
Limonium minus angustifolium.
Linaria odorata.
Locusta Vir^^iniana arbor.^
Lotus arbor.*
„ Lybica.

coronata maxima Hispanica.
Lupinus Indicus.

candidus ex Candia.
„ flore luteo.
„ flo. coeruleo minor.
Lutea Cretica.

Lychnis sativa rubra flore pleno.
„ coronaria pleno flo. albo.
„ coronaria pleno flo. rubro.
„ sylvestris Pyrenaeus.

Maiorana.

Malva arborescens.

,, maxima Hispanica striata,
segetum Lusitanica.
Malum arantium.
„ limonium.
granatum.
Mandragoras mas.^
Marum.

Martagon Panonicum spadaceum,

„ Pompon.

„ flore albo punctato.
Matricaria.

flore pleno.
Medica spinosa maior.
„ transversis spinis.
„ scoparia.
„ elegans Catalonica.
„ minor spinosa.

Medica doliata echinata.
„ doliata ramosa.
clypeata.
Melilotus Italica flore luteo.

„ arborescens flore albo.
Melissa.
Mentha.

„ crispa.
Meum.

Mezereon album.

„ rubrum
Milium nigrum.

„ album.
Millefolium atro rubente flore.
Mollugo.
Morus.
„ alba.

Virginiana.
Muscari flore luteo.

flore albo.
Myagrum monopermon.
Myrrhys sativa.
Myrtus latifolia.

angustifolia.
„ florida.

Napellus.

Narcissus medio Croceus.

„ Anglic, flo. pleno Wilmot.
,, roseus maximus flore pleno
Tradescanti.^
Narcissus Africanus odoratus.

J, Africanus major praecox.

Indicus Jacobaeus.
„ Capa bonae spei.
„ tertius Matthioli.
„ Montis Carmeli.
„ Virginianus.
„ medio fimbriatus.

Robinus maior.

juncifolius luteo flore pleno.
„ humilis.

reflex flo: luteo.
„ reflex flo: albo.

oblong: calice flore luteo.

^ The greatest Sea Stocke Gilloflower {Matthiola simiata L.) was brought out of the
Isle of Ree [Rhe] by Rochel by Mr. John Tradesoant, when the Duke of Buckingham was
sent with supplies for Mounsieur Soubise (1627). Park Theatriuti, 624.

- The Lilac, Syringa persica L., was introduced by Tradescant. Loudon, Arboretum,
p. 49

^ Robima Pseudacacia L. 'A very great tree and of exceeding height with Master
Tradescant,' in 1640. Parkinson, Theatriitn, 1550. Mentioned by Ashmole, in 1662 (?),
but not by Watson in 1749.

* The Date Plum {Celtis atistralis L.). ' Lotus arbor Virginiana' {Celt is occidentalis)
was in the garden in 1656.

^ The Male Mandrake. Some years previously Parkinson ' saw in my Lord Wootion
his garden at Canterbury, whereof Mr.y. Tradescant had then the keeping, an other sort
Theatrum, p. 343.

^ • The greatest double yellow bastard Daffodill, or lohn Tradescant his great Rose
Daffodill. This Prince of Daffodils belongeth primarily to lohn Tradescant, as the first
founder thereof. . . . Whether raised from seed, or gained from beyond Sea, I know not.'
Parkinson, 1629.

Z 2

340

GARDEN LISTS

Narcissus oblongo calice flore albo.

„ calice brevi.

,, titesose.

„ va Hecuus.

„ omnium maximus.

„ montanus.

Non-parell flore albo.

„ Non-parell.

„ Constantinopolitanus.

„ totus albus.

,, Matineus.
Nasturtium Indicum.
Nigella flo: pleno.

„ citrina.
„ flo: simplici.
Nux juglans Virginiana
„ juglans Canadensis.

juglans Angliae novae.

juglans maior.

„ juglans minor.
1

Oenanthe bulbosa marina venenosa.
Olea sylvestris.
Oleander flore albo.

„ flore rubro.
Ononis non spinosa Pyrenaea.

„ non spinosa oderata flore luteo.
„ non spinosa aestiva minor flore
luteo.

Origanum verum Hispanicum,
Ornithogalum Neopolitanum.

„ Arabicum.

,, maius flo. albo.

Orobus Venetus.

Paliurus.
Paeonia mas.

„ foemina flore simplici.

„ foemina flore pleno.

„ flore pleno incarnate.

„ flore purpureo.

Papas Americana flore albo.

„ Americana flo. purpureo.
Papaver rhaeas fl. luteo radiceperpetua.
„ rhaeas flore simplici.

rhaeas flore duplici.
„ nigrum capit. rotundis.
corniculatum flore luteo.
Paralysis flore viridante simplic.
„ fatua.

„ inodora geminata.
„ flo. & calice crispo.
Pepo Americanus luteus.

„ Americanus viridis.
Periclymenum rectum 2. Clusii.
„ fructu cerasino.

„ hortense.
„ Germanicum flo. rubro.

Periploca.

Petroselinum crispum.
„ hortense.
,, Virginianum.
Phalangium Alobrogium Clusii.

„ Virginianum Tradescanti.^
Philyrea angustifolia.
Pimpinella maior.

sativa.

„ agrimonoides Colum.
Pinus.
Pinaster.
Pistachia sativa.^
Pistolochia smilacis folio.

„ Virginiana.
Pisum indicum.
„ perennes.
„ bacciferum.
„ maculatum.
quadratum.
Plantago rosea.

„ serrato folio.
Platahus.*
Polium montanum.
Polygala Valentina i. Clusii.

1 'Nux vesicaria' in the 1656 catalogue may be our common Bladdernut Staphylea
pinnata L., but it should be remembered that Parkinson, Theatrtim, p. 141 7, says that
' Mr. Tradescant hath brought a sort from Virginia, having divers nuts in the bladder'.
Loudon, Arboretum, p. 49, attributes the introduction of Staphylea trifolia to Tradescant.

2 * Tradescant his Spiderw^ort. This Spiderwort is of late knowledge, and for it the
Christian world is indebted vnto that painfull industrious searcher, and louer of all natures
varieties, lohn Tradescant (sometimes belonging to the right Honourable Lord Robert
Earle of Salisbury, , . . and then vnto . . . the Lord Wotton at Canterbury in Kent,
and lastly vnto the late Duke of Buckingham [assassinated 1627I), who first receiued it of
a friend, that brought it out of Virginia, thinking it to be the Silke Grasse that groweth
there, and hath imparted hereof,'as of many other things, both to me and others.' Park.
1629, p. 152. In 1617, Tradescant (who may have then been in Wotton's service) paid
the expense of a passenger to Virginia under 'Captain Argall '. Boulger, y. Bot. 191 8,
p. 200.

' Pistacia Terebinthus L. was introduced by Tradescant acc. to Loudon, Arboretum ,
p. 49.

* P. orientalis. ' There are one or two yong ones at this time growing with Mr.
Tradescant.' Ger. emac. 1633, P- 1489. P. occidentalis is believed to have been intro-
duced by Tradescant the younger.

J. TRADESCANT, SENIOR

341

Polygala Valentina 2. Clusii.
Polygonatum maius.^

„ maius angustifolium.

„ minus.

racemosumVirginianum.
„ alterum.
Polygonon marinum Lobelii.
Pomum amoris medium.
Primula veris flore albo.

„ veris albo flore pleno.
•„ veris flore pleno viride.

veris angustifolia flore albo.
„ veris angustifolia flore rubro.
„ veris flo. viride & albo simpl.
Pseudo dictamnum.
Ptarmica vulgaris.
Pulegium regale.

„ cervinum.
Pyracantha.

Radix cava maior flore purpureo.

„ cava minor flore albo.
Ranunculus albus flore pleno.

„ Asiaticus sang. flo. pleno.
„ Asiat. tenuifol. pleno flo.
luteo.

Ranunculus Asiat. flore albo.

„ Asiaticus flore rubro.
„ Asiat. flore luteo.

Asiat. folio papaveris.
Asiat. Drape de Argen-
tine.

Ranunculus Illyricus.

„ aliae diversitates.
Raphanus niger.
Rapunculus.
Reseda maior.
Rhodia radix.^
Rhus myrtifolia.*
Ribes fructu rubro.

„ fructu albo.

„ fructu nigro.
Ribesium dulce.
Rosa Provincialis.

„ Provincialis flore albo.
Provincialis flore rubro.

„ vitriensis flore pleno.

„ incarnata.

„ flore luteo pleno.

„ flore luteo simplici.

„ muscata flore pleno.

„ Italica.

Rosa cinamomea.
„ cinamomea flora albo.
„ Francofurtiana.

Batavica.
„ alba variegata.
„ flo: pleno elegans variegata.
„ flore simplici pomifera.
„ Virginiana.
„ Moscovitica.*
„ canina flore pleno.
„ Eglanteria flore pleno.

Eglanteria.
„ holoserica.
„ sempervivens.

flore rubro.

flore albo.
„ Damascena.

Austriaca flore Phoeniceo.
Rosmarinus.

„ auratus.

„ coronarius maximus.
*Ruta canina.^

Sabina.

Salvia variegata.
„ hortensis rubra.
„ hortensis viridis.
„ maior foliis crispis.
5, minor odoratissima.
Sambucus aquatica.

„ foliis laciniatis.
Sanicula Alpina guttata.
Saponaria flore pleno.
Saxifraga aurea.
Scabiosa Hispanica major.

Hispanica Clusii.
„ Indica.
„ Indica Clusii.
Scorpioides Portulacae foHo.

„ bupleurifol. siliq. crassa
torosa.
Scorpioides minor.

minor elegans.

Scorzonera.

Scrophularia Montis-Serrati.

Pannonica Clusii.
Securidaca minor.
„ maior.
„ perigrina Clusii.
Sedum majus.

„ arborescens.
„ elegans.

1 Solomon's Seal was found living in the Lambeth garden by Sir W. Watson in 1749
{Phil. Trails, xlvi).

2 Rhamnus catharticus is absent from this list, bnt is in the 1656 list. In 1749 Sir W.
Watson reported a tree 'about 20 feet high and near a foot in diameter' (/. c.^. Perhaps
the younger Tradescant planted it.

3 Rhus Cotimis L. was introduced by Tradescant acc. to Loudon, Arboretum, p. 49.

* No doubt one of the spoils of Tradescant's Russian expedition of 161 8. Cf. Boulger,
First Russian Botanist. J. Bot. 1895.
^ Probably in error for Rosa canina.]

342

GARDEN LISTS

Serpentaria.

Seseli Aethiopicum frutex.
Sinapi Castiliae novae.
Smilax aspera folio rotundo.

„ aspera folio maculato.

,, aspera levis.
Solanum Lethale.
Spina Solstitialis.
Staechas Arabica.

Citrina.
Stachys Hispanica.

„ spuria.
Stachylodendrum.
Stoebe Salamantica.
Stramonia flore albo.

„ flore purpureo.
Superbae diversae species.

Tamariscus Italica.

„ minor.

„ vulgaris.
Tanacetum.

„ crispum.

„ inodorum.
Telephium maius.

„ minus.
Terebinthus vera.
Thalictrum Virginianum.

Thapsia Neronis Carotif. Lob.
Thlaspi umbellatum.
Thymum verum Hispanicum.
Tithymalus Charachia.
Tithymalorum diversae species.
Trachelium album flo. pleno.

coeruleum flo: pleno.
Trifolium barbaricum stellat. Tradesc.^
Triticum spica multiplici.
Tuliparum eligant: maxima diversitas.
Tulipa Num. 50. diversae species.

Valeriana Graeca flore coeruleo.

„ Graeca Dodon. flore albo.

„ Dodonaei.
Verbascum salvifolium.

„ blattariae folio.
Vergae aureae quatuor spec.
Veronica mas.

„ foemina.
Vinca pervinca maior.

„ minor.
Viola Matronalis flore pleno.
Vite sylvestris.
Vlmaria perigrina Clusii.
Vmbilicus Veneris.

„ „ Hispanicus.

Vrtica Romana.

A Catalogue of Fruits.-

Apples?

Doctor Barchams Apple
Pome de Rambure
Master Williams
Yellow Russeting
Harry Apple
Dutch Pearmaine
Black Apple
Barfolde Queninges
Smelling Costard
lohn apple
Red master Williams
Quince apple
Summer Permaine
Winter Pearemaine
Gillefloure Apple

Ribon Apple
Pome Mater
Russet Pippin
Puffing Apple
French Pippen
Snouting
Blandrille
Tome Crab
Great Russeting
Summer Beiliboon
Quince Crab
Pome de Chastania
Pome de Renet
Pome de Carpandu
Pome de Caluele

^ Pulteney {Biogr. Sketches, i. 176) states that Tradescant brought Trifolhim stel-
latum L. from the Island of Formentera. This visit may have been during the Algerian
campaign of 1620.

^ To the names in the 1634 catalogue, for the most part printed in Roman type, we
have added in the right-hand column and in italics the names and dates of ripening of
the fruits depicted (? by Alex. Marshall, see Mits. Trad., p. 41) in a book known as
Tradescant" s Orchard now in the Bodleian Library (MS. Ashmole 1461).

^ Shakespeare's apples, the John apple, Bitter-sweet or sweeting, Crab, Codling,
Leather-coat ( — Yellow Russeting), Pippin, and Pomewater are all in this list, but
curiously enough, though Tradescant had a Poperin pear, he does not mention the
Warden pear by that name.

J. TRADESCANT, SENIOR

343

Violet Apple
Darling Apple
Stoken Apple
Sack and Sugar
Pidgions bill
The Kings apple
M. Molines apple
Grey Costard
Winter Belliboorne

Little sweeting
Yellow Spising
Dari Gentles
Livinges
Mother Pippin
Russet Peare apples
Keelings
Ginitings
Black Pipin
An Early ripe Apple good in taste

Peares.

BInfeild Peare
Gergonell
Sir Nathaniel Bacons great Peare
Red Peare
Rose water Peare
Greenefield Peare
Dego Peare
Scarlet Peare
French Popering
Snow Peare
Winter Boon Critian
Summer Boon Critian
Arundel] Peare
Pallas Peare
Prince Peare
Greene Peare
Hedera De Besa
Michaelmas Peare
M. Motts Peare
Paynted Peare
Sliper Peare
Greene Rowling
Kings Peare

Poyer Messer Ian
Nutmeg Peare
Bishops Peare
Orenge Burgamott
May Peare
Swise Peare
Summer Burgamot
Hony Peare
Mid-summer Peare
Winter Burgamot
Poyer de Poydre
Portingale Peare
Sugar Peare
Double floure Peare
Bloud Peare
Poyer Fran Rial
Winter Winsor
Summer Winsor
Poyer Irish Madam
Poyer Dangobet
Poyer de Valet
Poyer de Sauoyse

Aug. 22

[TRADESCANTS ORCHARD}]

The greet i6 ounce peere

The grete winter peere

The Jerusalem Pere

A f?'ench peare called R. Collar it ripe

Quinces,

The portingegale Quince
The peare Quince Oct. 5

Aug. 29

Plums?

MOroco Plum
Spanish Plum
Blew peare plum
Red peascod Plum
White Plum
Plum Dine

Rath ripe Damaske violet

Red plumordin Plume ripe July 12
Vilot plum „ July 24

Maraco piiwie „ July 15

Early whight pere plum „ July 30
Denny plum „ Aug. 6

Grene Oysterly plum Aug. 9

Grene mother plum „ Aug. 14

' To this is prefixed a pleasing coloured drawing of ' Martagon vel Leli novae Angliae *.

2 Plums. ' The choysest for goodnesse, and rarest for knowledge are to be had of my
very good friend Master John Tradescante, who hath wonderfully laboured to obtaine
all the rarest fruits he can heare off in any place in Christendome, Turky, yea or the
whole world.' Parkinson, Paradise^ 1629, p. 575.

344

GARDEN LISTS

Damaske Violet
Verdoch Plum
Friers Plum
Bowie Plum
Nutmeg Plum
White Rath ripe Plum
Peake Plum
Apricocke plum
Orenge Plum

Michaelmas damaske Plum

Red Mirabolane

White mirabolans

The Monsiers Plum

The Perdigon Plum

The Kings Plum

The Queenes Plum

The white Perdigon

The pruneola Plum

The Diapre Plum of Malta

The Diapre Plum

The Imperiall Plum

The Date Plum

The Musle Plum

The Damascene Plum

The Irish Plum

White Damaske violet plum

Nutmeg plum 7-1

'pe

Aug.

Frier plum

Aug.

Red Mussell plumbe

Aug.

Sheffell Bullis

Aug.

Impryall plum

Aug.

Gante plum

Aug.

Mussule piu?n

Aug.

Grene pes cod pltim

Aug.

Damsonn

Aug.

Pruon Damson

Aug.

Red pescod plum

Aug.

Whight Date

Aug.

Whight mussell plumbe

Sept.

Blacke peare pluin

Sept.

Amber plum which /. T.

as I take it brought

out of France and

groweth at Half eld

Sept.

The Turke Plum

Sept,

Cheries.

SWertes Cherie
I Seelinars Cherry
The great Hart Cherry
The great bearing Cherry
The Arch- Dukes Cherry^
The Spanish cherry
The Luke Ward Cherry
The Agriot Cherry
The Chamelion Chery
The dwarfe Hungarian chery
Tradescants Chery ^
The white Chery
The cluster Chery
The double floure Chery
The May Chery

Harte Cherry
Corone Cherry
Naples Cherry

ripe Jtme 24
„ June 19
„ July I

Luke ward Che?y „ June 10

Dwarfe Cherry „ July i

Tradescant Cherry ,, June 21

Whighte Cherry „ June 24

Cluster Cerry „ June 1 5

May Cherry

[fune'l 2

Apricocks.

BArbarie Apricocks 2 sorts ^
Small Holland Apricocke Roimd Apricock ripe Aug. 15

Masculine Apricocke The Apricooke that is

Longe muske Apricock both long and great „ Aug. 2^

The ordinary Apricocke

^ * John Tradescantes Cherrie is most usually sold by our Nursery Gardiners, for the
Archdukes cherrie, because they haue more plenty thereof, and will better be increased.'
Parkinson, I.e., p. 574.

^ The Argier Apricocke * with many other sortes John Tradescante brought with him
returning from the Argier voyage, whither hee went voluntary with the Fleete, that went
against the Pyrates in the yeare 1620.' Parkinson, I.e., p. 579.

J. TRADESCANT, SENIOR

345

Nectorins,

THe Roman red Nectorine
Sir Edward Sillards ed Nectorine
The little yellow Nectorine
The white Nectorine

Ro?nan Reed Nectrion ripe Sept. 2
Bastard Red Nectrion „ Sept. 4
Cluster Red Nectrion „ Atig. 22
Yelloiv Nectrion „ Sept. 1^

Grene N. „ Sept. 5

TRadescants double floured
The Queenes Peach
The White Peach
The Nutmeg Peach
Peach de Troas
Newington Peach
Carnation Peach
Spanish Peach
Devine Peach
Lions Peach
Roman Peach
Peach Pavi laune

Peaches.

Peach Crete early yellowe peech
Blake peck red all 'withi?t
Whight peech

ripe

The peach Dutroye
Nuingetonn Peeche
Round Carnation peech
Graunde „
Bell

which pealleth like a codling
The Russet Blud peech

or Durosynus
The M allycotone peche
A late ripe yellow peech

but very good Jirine peech

Sept. 6
Sept. 20
Sept. 21

Aug. 4
Sept. 24
Sept. 4

Sept. 3

Sept. 25
Sept 26
Oct. 10

Viites.

THe Parsly leaved Vine
The Fronteneac Vine
The great blew Grape
The Potbaker Grape
The reison Grape
The currans Grape
with divers other.

FINIS.

The buxtet Gi'ape wich very seildum rip

The blue grape ripe Sept. 27

The Grat Re son Grape „ Oct. 10
The smalle Reson Grape , , Sept. 1 2

The grete Roman Hasell Nut

The great French Fragara, ripe the 20 of M ay.

A contemporary notice of this catalogue occurs in the Diary of
Georg Christoph Stirn of Nurnberg (MS. Bodl. Add. B 67). Stirn
left Dieppe for England on 2 July 1638. His sightseeing in
London included the Tower, York House, and the Tradescant
Museum, and he wrote in his diary that in the garden were all
kinds of foreign plants, the names of which are to be found in
a special little book which Mr. Tradescant has had printed about
them. This 'special little book' now shares with Gerard's first
Catalogue (i 596) the honour of being among the scarcest of printed
botanical works in the world.

The contents of the Lambeth garden were again listed by the
younger Tradescant, who printed the second Catalogus Plant arum
in Horto Johannis Tredescanti nascentium in 1656. And a few
years later Ashmole drew up a list of all the trees still surviving in

34^

GARDEN LISTS

the garden, and wrote it out at the end of his copy of Parkinson's
Paradise^ now in the Bodleian Library.

Trees found in Mrs. Tredescants Ground when it came into

my possession. [1662.]

Platinus orientalis verus. Piatanus oriefttalis L.

„ occidentalis, aut Virginensis. ,, occidentalis L.

Arbor siliquosa Virgniensis spinosa, Locus nostratibus dicta. Robinia Pseud-
acacia L.

Cerasus racemosa putida ^ Padus Theophrasti dicta. ' Prumis Padus L.

Periclymenum rectum ^ flore rubro.
Nux Vesicaria, altera Virginensis.
Euonymus Theophrasti.
Lotus Arbor.
Sambucus Rosea.
Arbor Judae.
Cornus Mas.

,, foemina.
Latana, sive Viburnum.
Guaicum Patavinum.
Syringa alba.
Pyracantha.
Alaternus.
Arbutus.
Castanea equina.
Pinaster.
Laurus Tinus.

,, „ Lusitanicus flore glabro.
Tillia.

Tamariscus.
Acer majus latifolium.
Rhus Virginiana.
Vitis Virginensis.
Apocynum, sive Periploca repens.

Lonicera alpigena L.
Staphylea trifolia L.
Euonymus europaeus L.
Celtis australis L.
Viburmun Opulus var. sterilis.
Cercis Siliqtcastruin L.
Cornus Mas L.
Cornus sangtiinea L.
Viburnum Lantana L.
Diospyros Lotus L.
Syringa vulgaris L. var. alba.
Pyracantha coccinea Roemer.
Rhaimius Alaternus L.
Arbutus Unedo L.
/Esculus Hippocastaneum L.

Pinus Pinaster L.
Viburnum Tinus L.
Pru7ius lusitanica L.
Tilia vulgaris Hayne.
Tamarix anglica Webb.
Acer Pseudo piatanus L.

Rhus typhina L.
Vitis quinquefolia Lam.
Periploca graeca L, ?

Althea arborea flore albo fundo purpureo Montis Olbiae. Hibiscus syriacus L.
Seseli ^thiopicum frutex. Bupleurum fruticosum L.

xi. George Gibbes' Garden Lists, undated and 1634.

George Gibbes had a garden at Bath which was visited by
Thomas Johnson and the Socii itiner antes on their tour in the west
of England in 1634. There is a short, undated list of Gibbes' plants
among Goodyer^s papers, though it is not in his handwriting. It is
headed ' To have from Mr. Gibbes'. Johnson printed a list of 117
of Gibbes' exotic plants in the Mercurius Botanictis, of these only
six (marked below with double asterisks) occur in the short list.

It will be noted that none of the plants imported by Boel from
Spain occur in either list, whereas they do occur in the Stonehouse

^ Mr. Boulger, who saw the MS. in 191 7 before it had been purchased by the
Bodleian, by reading the word 'putida' as 'qubida', and conjecturally amend-
ing it as ' quibusdam ' (!), has illustrated the danger of not minding one's p's and
q's. In the next line he read ' erectum ' in error for * rectum'. I have, however,
placed implicit trust in his determination of the modern equivalents of the names.

GIBBES

347

list of 1640. Parkinson has an interesting note on Gibbes in his
note on a Virginian Aster, which was evidently imported after the
date of Johnson's list.

Aster Virgineus luteus alter minor.

' We have had scarce time enough to observe it thorowly since we got it
from Virginia by the means of Master George Gibbes Chirurgion of Bathe,
who brought in his returne from thence, a number of seeds & plants
he gathered there himselfe, & flowred fully only with Mr. Tradescant.'
Parkinson, Theainiui, 1640, p. 133.

Gibbes' Garden 16^4.

Plants marked * are in the Goodyer list only.
Plants marked * * are in both lists.

Abrotanum mas. *
Absinthium tenuifolium, quibusdam

Romanum, aliis Ponticum.
Ageratum.

Allium max. radice simplici.
Allium vulgare.
Antirrhinum majus flo. albo.
*Aquilegia angustifolia, mult., simpl.
Arbor vitae.
Aristolochia Clematites.
*Armerius latifol.
Asclepias flore albo.
Aster Italorum.
** Astragalus Lusitanicus.
Astraniia nigra.
Auricula ursi.

Blattaria purpurea.
* „ alba.
*Bistorta minor.
Bolbonach, sive Lunaria Greca.
Branca Vrsina.
*Buphthalmum.
*Buxus versicoloribus foliis.

Cotyledon altera Ger. emac.
Crocus vernus.
**Cucumis asininus, Offic.
Cyanus flo. albo, carneo et.
„ major.

Doronicum Romanum.

Faba Graecorum.

Fragaria fructu magno, Boemica, Quo-

rund.
Flos adonis.
*Flos africanus.
Flos solis major.

Gentianella verna flo. amplo.
Geranium longius radicatum. Lob.

„ Moschatum.

,, Romanum variegatum.
Gladiolus Narbonensis.
Gnaphalium Americanum.
Glycyrrhiza vulgaris.
Gramen Lupuli glumis, sive Tremulum
max. Bauh.

*Calceolus mariae.
Caltha flo. multiplici.

* ,, palustris.
Campanula Persicifolio, Lob.
Caryophyllorum hortensium variae

spec.
Cerinthe.

Chamaecyparissus.
Chamaedrys.
*Chamaeiris latifol.

* ,, angustifol.
Chamaexyris, Lob.
Chrysanthemum Creticum.
Cochlearia Batava.
Colutea vulgaris.
Consolida regalis.
**Convolvulus coeruleus minor.
Coriandrum.

Costus hortorum.

Cotyledon minus montanum, Palmaria
Tab., Vmbilicus veneris minor, Gr.

**Helleborus niger verus.
Hepatica nobilis.

* ,, albida fl. rub.
Hipposelinum
Hyssopus vulgaris.

* ,, foliis aureis.

Imperatoria.
Iris bulbosa.
„ latifolia vulgaris,
lacea tricolor flo. amplo lut.

„ „ vulgaris,
lasminum album.

,, luteum, sive Trifolium fruti-
cans, Polemonium Ger.

Laurus vulgaris.
Lavendula vulgaris.

„ flo. albo.
Leucoium bulbosum et alia verna, quae
tunc temporis non apparuerunt.

348

GARDEN LISTS

Leucoium flo. albis et purp.
Lilium album.
„ montanum.
„ non bulbosum.
Lotus hortorum, Lob. sive Trifolium

odoratum.
*Lupinus albus, max., coer., aur., et

luteus.
Lychnis Chalcedonica.
hortensis.
„ syJ. flo. multipl.
Lysimachia coerulea.

„ lutea Virginiana.

Majorana.

Marum sive Mastich Gallorum et

Anglorum.
Mentha sativa rubra.
Meum.
Muscipula.
Myrrhis sativa.

Napellus coeruleus.
Nigella Romana.

Oxalis rotundifolia.

Papaver sativum simp, et multipl. flo.
Parthenium flo. multipl.
Pentaphyllum surrectum.
Periclymenum perfoliatum.
*Peucedanum.
Phalangium non ramosum.

,, Virginianum.
Polium luteum.
Psyllium.

* Radix cava. flo. earn.
Raphanus rusticanus, Offic.
Rha rotundifolium.
Rhabarbarum Monachorum.

„ verum.
*Rosmarinum aureum.

* latifolium.
Ruta.

Sabina.

Salvia angustifolia.
„ major vulgaris,
variegata.
Saponaria flo. multipl.
Scabiosa montana max.
Scordium.
Scorzonera.
Serpilli 3. spec.
Stoechas vulg. Offic.
Sumach Virginianum.

Tamariscus Narbonensis.
Thalictrum majus Hispanicum.

* „ virginianum.
**Thlaspi Creticum.
Thymum durius.
Trachelium majus flo. albo.
Tragopogon flo. purp.
Tuliparum varietates plurimae.

Umbilicus Veneris sive Cotyledon
altera, Ger. emac. Sedum serratum.

Valeriana Graeca.

Vinca pervinca, sive Clematis Daph-

noides.
Viola mariana.

„ matronalis flo. pleno.

xii. W^ALTER StONEHOUSE's GARDEN LiST, 164O-1644.

The garden of the Rev. Walter Stonehouse at Darfield Rectory
is described in a neatly written vellum-bound i2mo volume of
44 leaves, with a leaf with plans of the garden, known as Magdalen
College MS. No. 239, or as Goodyer MS. 17. It is entitled Catalogus
Plantarum Horti mei Darfeldiae Qiiibiis is msirnctus est Anno
Domini 1640, and though anonymous, is convincingly identified
as the work of Stonehouse by his anagram ' Theologus servus natus '
(= Gualterus Stonehousus) on f. 5 of the MS. The same anagram
occurs in a MS. volume of Sermons in the Library of Magdalen
College and at the end of his poems in the Mnsaeum Tradescan-
tianum (1656).

Stonehouse's notes and plans show that the rectory grounds
comprised a 'best garden', measuring 34 yards by 30 yards, the

STONEHOUSE

349

Saffron Garth, a long rectangular strip running north and south
for 83 yards, and the orchard. The plans are clearly drawn to
scale and are marked with numbers which corresponded to his lists
of plants. We have even his notes of the exact dimensions of the
garden in terms of his own paces, from which we may infer that he
was a man of no great stature. * 2,624 of my usuall paces made
an English mile of 1,056 paces Geometricall : that is 5,280 feete
and 1,760 yards. The garden 15 times half round is just a mile;
16 times is a mile and 57 yards.'

Though we have their orientation, we have no clue as to how
the three parts of his garden were disposed, but may conjecture
that the Rectory stood in the angle of the best garden. Plums,
Peaches, Apricots and a Pomegranate covered the west and north
walls ; a vine was trained against a wall, possibly of the house.
Several rectangles drawn at the ends of paths may represent garden
ornaments ; an arbour or summer house seems to have stood in the
north-east corner.

The beds in the style of the sixteenth century may have been
the work of an earlier incumbent. They were laid out in five
* knots ', perhaps enclosed with tile, stone or Box edgings, which
bordered the ' forthrights as the broader walks were called.
According to the plan the beds in the knots were two and three
feet in width, and would, as Parkinson (1629) recommended, have
contained the greater part of the herbaceous collection.

' The Safforn-garth 9 times round wants 50 yards of a mile ;
and 10 times about it is a mile and 140 yards. The long streight
walke in the Safforn-garth is 82 yards; so that this gone 22 times
single, or 11 times double, is a mile and 44 yards.'

The name recalls the fact that in the sixteenth century ' Crocus ',
or Saffron, was perhaps the most paying crop that it was possible
to raise in a garden. ' Our English Honey and Saffron,' wrote
Bullein in 1588, 'is better than any that cometh from any strange
or foreign land.'

' A little of ground

brings Saffron a pound,'

and in 1539-40, Doncaster Saffron was sold at more than £1 per
pound weight. Saffron Hill and Saffron Walden recall an extinct
British horticultural industry, but Darfield Rectory, as the present
Rector informs me, is noted for a Crocus border 170 yards long.

Most of Stonehouse's fruit was grown in the Safti'on Garth and
the Orchard, both of which were walled in. In the former he had
33 wall-trees, planted 6 feet apart, against the walls on the north

350

GARDEN LISTS

and west sides, and a selection of 30 Apples and Pears ' in the
open plotte as well as some more recent acquisitions from the
garden of his neighbour, Sir John Reresby.

The best varieties of the original stock were probably obtained
from Parkinson's ' very good friend, Master John Tradescante who
had made a speciality of all fruit trees, ' the choysest for goodness,
and rarest for knowledge,' and especially of Plums ' fit for an
orchard '.

In the orchard there were fruit walls along the north and east,
and a raised walk or ' mount ' along the wall on the west side.
This ' high walke ' probably dated from before Stonehouse's time,
for he refers to ' olde plum trees ' upon it. The ' open plotte ' was
stocked with Apples ol various kinds, with a row of Pear trees
along the north walk.

' The high walke in the orchard, 66 times single gone, or 33 times
double (that is backward and forward) is a just mile — 5,280 foote '

'The orchard 9 times round about is a mile and 4 yards.'

In the open the fruit trees were planted about 18 to 20 feet apart.
Their positions are clearly indicated upon his numbered plan, from
which the illustration in Fig. 2 has been redrawn for purposes of
reproduction. (See Gardeners^ Chronicle^ 3920.)

The Sir John Reresby, from whom he obtained several varieties
of Apples and Pears, was a neighbour living at Thrybergh, some
six miles south of Darfield. His son, of the same name, was the
well-known Governor of York, who wrote memoirs containing
a secret history of the Courts of Charles II and James II.

The manuscript concludes with an epitaph in Latin verse by
Stonehouse, to his favourite cat, Delia, which died when kittening
and was buried in the garden.

IN FELEM DILECTAM, INTER PARTUS

DOLORES EXTINCTAM.
Delia {sic ferttir^ coelum invadente Typhoeo.

Sub Fele, in terris, condidit ova latens.
Par tubus ilia praeest ; sed et ilia {heu) saepe vocata^

Tardat^ parturiens dum mihi Felis obit.
Ah, factum, Lucina, male! Ah, e a gratia Divae est,

Praesidii ut possit non memor esse sui.

The present Rector of Darfield, the Rev. A. E. Sorby, informs
me that the house has been greatly enlarged and probably covers
the beds at T and the geometrical beds at S. ' The other four beds,
V, W, Y, Z, with the star in the centre, are still in existence, though

STONEHOUSE

not in the same geometrical position. The Saffron Garth is,
I think, undoubtedly in the walled garden between the Rectory
and the School Street. The measurements do not agree with the
existing garden, but the shape is the same and the Saffron Crocus
borders are still there. To the north of the Rectory and of the
walled garden is a large orchard, where the Saffron Crocus up till
lately also flourished and bordered the paths. . . . Our soil is very
light and most suited to bulbs.'

The hst of plants in Stonehouse's own hand was evidently
compiled at different times. The first list, in strict alphabetical
order, was completed on or shortly before the 27th of August, 1640.
The names are very clearly written : ten lines on a page, on
alternate lines for additions. The later entries are therefore readily
distinguishable. They are in blacker ink, and may with confidence
be referred to the next four years. Probably the greater number
of new plants was added in 1644. Stonehouse estimates that he
had 450 perennials in 1640, or 651 at the later date (probably 1644),
as well as 215 annuals and biennials raised from seed, making 866
in all.

Then, no doubt, came the period of his persecution, banishment
and imprisonment. A pathetic little note tells us that in 1652 he
again visited his garden. It is in Latin and appears to mean that
of the 866 plants, ' Alas ! but few are there to-day, and I have no
hope of founding a new colony '.

The lists enumerate 14 species from Virginia, 5 from Guinea, and
4 from New England, including Juglans, Terrae glandes, ' Maiz '
and Pepo. Sir David Prain informed me that he knew of no
earlier record of English garden plants from this last locality.

The plant lists have been printed in extenso in the Gardeners'
Chro7iicle for 15 May 1920 and three following numbers, and
reprinted with corrections.-^

xiii. The Westminster Garden of Edward Morgan,
c. \6i<^-c, 1677.

Edward Morgan, ' rei herbariae studiosus,' a Welshman, was one
of the Socii iiinera?ttes who accompanied Johnson on his famous
excursion to North Wales in July 1639, and acted as interpreter.^
He then made the acquaintance of Walter Stonehouse to whose
garden he contributed a plant of the Leopard's Bane of America
' Doronicum Americanum majus ' (1640). Morgan had a garden at

^ Gunther, Giwden of the Rev. Walter Stotiehouse, 1920.
^ Johnson, Mercurii Botanici pars altera, Lond. 1641.

352

GARDEN LISTS

Westminster, where he grew the first Polyanthuses, obtained from
Great Woolver Wood in Warwickshire, and possibly also Phlomis
purpurea^ which he is stated by Aiton to have been the first to
introduce. His name is associated with the following- British Plants
by How in MS. notes which must have been written between 1650
and 1656. He evidently knew where to find white and purple
Spear Thistles in London.

Primula veris fl. pi. viridi.

,, ,, sive Paralysis fatua.
Malva syl: flore albo.

[Bellis fl. herbaceo globoso non descr. {erased).\
Scabiosa ovilla fl. albo.
Carduus lanceolatus fl. alb. St. James.
Lychnis syl: foliis variegatis fl. albo. Qu. M.

Carduus lanceolatus fl. alb. et fl. purp. Q. Chyrurg: for ye places of theese
plants growth from Morgan.

On 10 June 1658 John Evelyn 'went to see ye Medical Garden
at Westminster, well stored with plants under Morgan a very
skilful botanist'. In 1662 the garden was visited by the Rev. John
Ward, who recorded in his diary ^ that Dr. Morison commended
* Ned Morgan's for ye best collection of plants in England and the
admiration appears to have been mutual, for Morgan affirmed
Morison to be the best botanist of his age in London, and next
to him are ' Dr. Dale, Dr. Merit, and Mr. Goodyer \ A few of
Morgan's plants of special interest are noted in Ward's diary.
They included

Leucojum bulbosum. 3 sorts.

Iris persica, a very pretty Iris, ' Ye flowers open with a mouth like Snap-
dragon
Cinara spinosa et aculeata.

Muscus filicinus, ' winged like feme. Much of it gathered in Hamden
woods '.

Gramen innatans and fluviatile.

and Burri (= Burre grasse), ' as it hath a yellow spike on top '.

1. Ilex coccigera.

2. glandifera.

3. „ aktae-foliis.

4. ,, ye common.
Medler tree.

Strychnos Nux vomica, ye Physic nut )
Yellow Jessemine \
Zizipha, ye Bead tree.
Glaux maritima.
Cruciata marina.

^ D'Arcy Power, The Oxford Physic Garden^ Ann. Med. Hist, ii, p. iii.

E. MORGAN

353

Absynthium arborescens ' July 3

„ insipidum et inodoratum, ' a very pretty plant, very like common
wormwood, July 3
A pretty hedge of Spanish broom.

In 1667 we again get news of the garden through Merrett who
added five of Morgan's plant records to the Vegetabilia in his
British Pinax.

Malva arborea marina nostras. Lavatera arborea L.

* Mr. Morgan received it from the Isle of Wight.'
Plantago aquatica major muricata.

' In a small pond betwixt Clapham and South Lambeth-Common. Mr.
Morgan.'
Primula veris Polyanthos.

* In great Woolver Wood in Warwickshire, Mr. Morgan, qui transtulit in

hortum suum instructissimum Westmonasteriensem.'
Fungus campani formis, niger, parvus multa semina plana in se continens.

* Mr. Morgan's Garden Westminster, call'd in Wostershire, Corn bells,

where it grows plentifully.'
Fungus rotundus superne concavus et translucidus colons succini.

* In Mr. Morgans garden, et alter coccinei coloris, in St. James's Park in

the Winter time on old decayed Trees.'

Edward Morgan's Hortus Siccus^ comprising some two thousand
dried plants, is contained in three large folio volumes of about
160 leaves each, now preserved in the Bodleian Library. The
specimens give us a very complete illustration of the plants, which
were probably grown in his Westminster garden in 1672, when the
collection is believed to have been begun. At least two of Morgan's
garden' plants found their way into the Morisonian Herbarium at
Oxford. One is the Basil-leaved Red Dead Nettle {Lammin
ptirpiireiim L. var. ocymifolium Boulger), and the other is the
Phlomis purpm^ea L. mentioned above. His name is also associated
with ' Chamaecyse Virginianus E Morgan ' {Euphorbia maculata L.) ^

In 1676 the plants were removed from Westminster to the newly
founded garden of the Apothecaries Company at Chelsea ; and
in 1677, 'Mr. Morgan, the gardener, asked for increased "con-
sideration " for keeping the garden and for his plants '.

The exact site of Morgan's garden is not known. It appears
to me that it may have been the same as the one by which
Ralph Tuggy, the correspondent of Johnson, had previously made
his name as a famous grower of pinks, carnations, and auriculas.
Bobart referred to him as * Tuggie in Westminster, beyond ye

^ Noticed on p. 308. I am not quite convinced that Edward Morgan of
Bodesclen is the same person as Edward Morgan of Westminster.
^ Vines tS: Druce, Morisoftian Herba7'ium.

354

GARDEN PLANTS

Abbey '.^ We know that Tuggy died before 1633, when his widow
was keeping up the garden, but he is mentioned by Tradescant in
1629-30, see p. 331. A Richard Tuggy and Edward Morgan
appear in 1657 as co-signatories to a letter printed by W. Coles
at the beginning of his Adam in Eden.

On the other hand, Edward Morgan has to some extent been
confused- with Hugh MORGAN, 'the Queens Apothecary' and
*a curious conserver of rare simples', who had a garden near
Coleman Street, where he had a tree of Celtis atistralis L. Cole-
man Street was of course in the City, leading north from Lothbury.
Hugh Morgan introduced Clematis viticella in 1 569, and is quoted
by Lobel as having also introduced to English horticulture

Althea arborea Olbia in Galloprovinc. Adv. p. 294.

Buphthalmon, Oculus bovis, Millefolii folio, Chrysanthemi flore. Adv,
p. 343-

Cicercula altera, an Phaseolus Diosc ?. Adv, p. 394.

Mount (see p. 256) mentions Maize and the Gladiolus in Morgan's
garden in 1578. A panegyric advertisement of Hugh Morgan
addressed to Dr. Bayley ' by your assured loving friend B. G/ and
dated Alvingham, 14 Aug. 1587, is bound up with the Bodleian
copy of Walter Bay ley's Discourse of the three Peppers, Obviously
Hugh belonged to a generation before Edward Morgan.

xiv. Lists of English Garden Plants wanted by Dr.
Robert Morison, a correspondent of Dr. William
How, FOR THE Royal Botanic Garden of Blois, c, 1651.

These three lists were evidently enclosed in a begging letter
from an unnamed correspondent, endorsed ' For his much respected
friend Dr. V. How *. They are written on 5 leaves, measuring
II inches x 4 inches. The writer was evidently exceedingly anxious
to obtain the plants. Of the 51, 92, and 70 plants included in
three lists, 213 in all, How appears to have been able to supply
the 42 indicated by numerals and crosses in his handwriting. It
will be noticed that these include a proportion of new plants
from Virginia ' not yet described '.

A comparison with the Morison MSS. in the Oxford Botanic
Garden has convinced me that these lists are in the hand of
Dr. Robert Morison, a pupil of the Frenchman Vespasian Robin

* Bobart MS. note in his Cat. of Oxford Garden at Oxford.

* Amherst, History of Gardening in England, 1895, p. 223.

MORISON

355

who in the year of the publication of the Phytologia had been
appointed Curator of the Royal Botanic Garden at Blois.^

A chance presentation to Charles II in February 1660 resulted
in his being offered an appointment as Regius Professor of Botany
•in London, to which he added the Chair of Botany at Oxford in
1669. In a book primarily about John Goodyer and his contem-
poraries, I have nothing good to say of Morison. He was
practically a foreigner, and unlike Ray, he ignored the work of
English botanists. In the words of Sir Arthur Shipley * He seems
to have been a somewhat selfish man of science, self-assertive,
taking every credit to himself, while allowing little to his pre-
decessors and contemporaries.' ^

List i.

Semina harum primo quoque tempore ad me mitti desidero plantas vero
tempestate idonea.

[Followed by an illegible note in How's hand] : —
Rememb. Vina max. syl, by sending in . . .

1. Abrotanmn Indorum.

2. „ unguentarium.

3. Absynthium album umbilicatum.

4. Acinos anglica Clus.

5. „ „ fl. albo.
Anonis flore purpureo.

6. Armeria syl. humilis fl. vineo rubello.

7. Beta maxima.

8. Cachrys verior Galeni.

9. Calamintha pulegii odore.

ID. Makenbuy valde aneo scire quid sibivult et planta haec ipsiusque nomen.

11. Oxys lutea virgineana.

12. Chelidonium minus fl. pleno.

13. Juniperus major.
Cochlearia vulgaris Britannica.

vera rotundifolia minima.

14. Matricaria fl. Bullato aureo.

15. Mentha crispa.

16. Solanum lignosum virginianum.

17. Lysimachia lutea fl. globoso.

^ It may be noted that while Morison was cataloguing his garden at Blois, an
Englishman, Sir Richard Browne, then resident in Paris, was at work on
a Catalogue of Evergreens in which he had been helped by a Mr. Keipe. In
a letter to Sir E. Nicholas, dated 5 July 1658, he noted that ' Alaternes beare a
graine like that of privet, which beinge sowed comes upp and prospers without
difficulty '. Carnden Sac. xxxi, p. 65. Goodyer had noted Rhainnus Alatej-nus
in Coys' garden in 161 6.

2 Schuster & Shipley, Britain's Heritage of Science^ p. 234.

A a 2

356 GARDEN PLANTS

18. Persicaria virginiana.

Trifolium pumilum supinum liosciilis longis albis non descriptum.
„ nodiflorum.

19. Salvia germanica non descriptum.

20. Saxifraga aurea sane sanicula guttata non descripta.
Atriplex marina latifolia tota rubra non descripta.

21. Periclymenum foliis quercinis non desc.

Plantago quinquenervia fimbriis lat. ex aureo argent, non descripta.
Acer florescens virginianum non descriptum.
„ odoratum virginianum non descriptum.

22. ., virginiana non desc.

Apocynum virginianum latifolium majus fl. albicast non desc.

23. minus virginianum angustifolium fl. albo non desc.
virginianum minus fl. elegantissimo miniato non descriptum.

„ virginianum minus roris marini folio non descr.

24. Apium virginianum.

25. Arbor tinctoria virginiana non desc.

26. Aster Novae Angliae.

27. Artemesia (?) foliis variegatis.

28. Aster foliis (?) et flore minore Novae Angliae.

29. Battatas virg.

Beta foliis variegatis.

30. Bistorta minor nostrarum.

Blitum majus repens fl. virid. Novae Angliae.
Calceolus Mariae.
Caucalis apii foliis floribus rubeis.
Digitalis flore variegato.
„ palustris hybemica.

31. virginiana angustifolia.

32. „ virginiana fl. luteo.

33. Lupinus perenni radice virginianus.
Mentha variegata.

List 2.

Plantae excerpta ex Phytologia Britannica quas desidero aut saltern annuaria
semina.

[This list contains 92 names, of which How suppHed 7 plants only.]

34. Anonis non spinosa purp. Ger.

35. Bardana rosea s. Lappa rosea.

36. Bugula s. Consolida media.

37. Cardamine pumila Bellidis folio.

38. Cerasus syl. fructu minimo cordiformi non descripta.

39. Foenum graecum syl.

40. Vina maxima syl. nondum descripta.

List 3.

Plantae solis Johannis Park[inson] scriptae quarum communicationem aut
seminibus aut radicibus peroptarem.

[A list of 70 plant names, of which How marked two with numbers.]

41. Lychnis arvensis minor anglica.

42. Platanus occidentalis s. virginensis.

MORISON

357

Harum praedictarum tarn in primo quain secundo, 31^ Catalogo contentaruin
semina penes te, ad me mitti primo quoque tempore non dubito quia hie apud
nos appropinquat serendi tempus.

Ouin oratum et exoratum te velim ut ex 400 sponte in Anglia provenientibu
adjiciendisqiie aliquot rariora semina (quorum tibi est copia) ad me mittas.

[MS. f. 169-73.

In 1661 and 1662 Dr. Morison, established in the Keepership of
the King's Gardens in London, was visited by John Ward.^ Under
Feb. 1661-2, Ward noted that, unlike Goodyer, Dr. Modesay 'never
studied grasses and mosses ' Att ye King's Garden Dr. Modesie
showed us some of his very rare plants as

Marum Syriacum. Mastick.
Crithmum spinosum. Samphire.
Barba Jovis. Silver bush,

and the conversation turned on Lysimachia purpurea spicata,
Chelidonium majus and minus, the Sycamore, and Rabelais. Ward
evidently enjoyed the visit, for he repeated the experience on
I Sept. 1662, remarking ' itt is a very rare thing to discourse with
him This time he noted

Jacobaea crithmifoliis
Capparis Fabago
Cappadiis
Capsicum polygala
Valentina Clusii
and many other rare plants.

^ D'Arcy Power, Oxford Physic Garden^ Ami, Med. Hist, ii, p. 122.

LISTS OF EXOTIC PLANTS.

The greater number of Lists of Plants in Goodyer's handwriting
are of English indigenous and garden plants, and are written on
odd pieces of paper of quarto width. Among them are several
lists of foreign plants (now bound with Goodyer MS. ii), very
closely written on narrow slips of paper, 3 or 4 inches in width,
which have become crumpled, rubbed, and foul with dirt, as if they
had been carried about in a pocket. They have all the appearance
of hand-lists of desiderata, such as a London merchant might have
furnished for the use of travellers visiting foreign regions, who
required in compact form, catalogues of local plants with native
names. Some of the lists were obviously restricted to tropical
produce of economic value : others may be regarded as among the
earhest exotic floral lists known in manuscript. The handwriting
of certain of the lists appears to be that of John Parkinson, and
their date to be about 1636, but several are no doubt earlier.

These early lists with their flavour of foreign travel recall
Rauwolfl"'s allusion to * the great Troubles and Dangers those
that have written of Exotick Plants have sustained and incurred
in their foreign Peregrinations ^ would not be grievous to me, did
I not fear that it would extend this Dedication to too disproportionate
and tedious a length '.^

France. List of ^1 plants taken from and with references to
LobeVs Adversaria, written by Goodyer on the back of the draft
of a letter dated 16 Jan. 1631. Not printed. [MS. f. 132 v.

Glossary of French names of Plants^ evidently abstracted by
Parkinson from P. Bellonins De neglecta Cultura Stirpium [issued
with Clnsius Exotica), pp. 224, 226. Not printed. [MS. f. 156 v.

List of Plants, mostly from Italian Localities, abstracted from
Camerarius, Hortus medicus et philosophicus 1588, presumably by
J. Parkinson.

Abutilon Indicum. [f. 162

Acacalis. Alisma Matth.

Adonis flora pallido in Thuringis segetibus e Suevia.
Alnus nigra, Frangula. Siler Plinii non multis (?).
Amygdalo persicus pulpa persicum nucleus amygdalum sapit.

^ Epistle Dedicatory to Rauwolft's Travels in Rafs Collection of Ctirious
Travels, 1693.

ITALIAN PLANTS

359

Antirrhinum pulcherrimum flore luteo, grandi, sponte nascitur inter Savonam

et Genuam.
Apocynum verum non repens.

Aristolochia rotunda vera. In montibus Euganeis prope Patavium crescit.
Asphodelus autumnalis sive maior ex Italia missus : hyemem non fert nisi

in fictili asservetur.
Camphorata Monsp. ^ [Carduus bulbosus.] Card, pineus Narbon.
Chamaelaea Germanica flore albo.

Chelidonium minus flore pleno. Francofurt. [ex horto A. Keck].
Cistus flore luteo Ledi [Ladani] folio Italici. Florentia.
Clematis altera flo: albo ; Flammula repens Dodon.
Clinopodium Matthioli flore albo.

Colchicum vernum subobscuro flore circa Tigurum Helvet.

Corcorus sive Melochia.

Corydalis Fumaria kitea montana. Splith.

Cotinus Coccygria Plinii frequens in Trident. Alpibus.

Cyperus rotundus. Cyperus dulcis, Trasi dulce.

Cytisus Columellae, Glaux quibusdam. Pisa et Samnitibus oritur et
Bononiensi agro.

Cytisus niger sive maior Pseudocytisus Cordi elegans planta est, et tota

aestate florens topiariis idonea.
Daucus Creticus verus in montibus Vicentinis, Baldo et monte prope

Comum.
Elaphoboscus, Florentia.
Ferulago.
Flammula recta.

Galeopsis flore luteo, folio longo, rectis caulibus.

Halicacabum sive Solanum Indicum. Florent. [a J. de Casa bona J.

Hissopoides ad portam S. Julianae [Justinae] Patavii & intra moenia.

Jacea pumila, seu Carduus pineus Narbae.

Jacea Montana Narbonensis.

Juniperus maior Italica baccis rubris.

Libanotis cachrifera quae rotundis foliis prodit e semine cum pleraeque

aliae umbelliferae oblongis oriantur.
Libanotis altera semine lato, nigricante, odorato.

Lilium non bulbosum sive Arundinaceum flore subcroceo et alterum luteo
odorato admodum. Profert interdum germina in summitate caulis
ubi flores sine semine deciderunt, quae terrae comissa statim radices
agunt.

Muttelina ex Arba monte Helvetiorum ; inter Carum et Meum ambigua.
Paeonia ochranthemos flore pallescente.
Paeonia hispanica pumila.

Panax Heracleum in Apennino, in Alpibus Scalae dictis. non procul

Bononia et in Samnitibus ubi Rampe d'orso ven.
Panax Asclepias folio Ferulae tenuiore et Foeniculi crassiore. In Creta

Seseli vulgo. Sicilia Peucedanum vocant. [f. 162 v.

Perfoliata montana Gesneri et Lugdunensis radice perenni, [foliis quodam-

modo Limonii seu Pyrolae fruticantis Clusii parfoliata quasi ca . . lis

Smyrnii, floribus medio multiplicatis itemque et seminibus dense

stipatis.] ^

Perfoliata crispa seu muscosa multiplici florum et foliolorum tenuissimorum
farctum. Sterilis ut Cannabis foem. ex semine vulgari oritur.

^ Not in Camerarius, Hort. ined.

36o

ITALIAN PLANTS

Polyacantha, raro in alterum annum durat.

Pulegium Anguillarae, ex Mentastro non multum dissidens foliis rotundis
et gratiore odore. Plurimum nascitur Patavii tani extra quam intra
urbis moenia.

Quamoclet planta nova ex India allata, et Ducis Florentiae horto Josepho

de Casa bona.^ [= Ipovioea Quamodit L.]
Rosa Hierichuntica pulchre ex semine nata.

Sagapeni planta vulgo dicta : Costus spiirius Apuliae Matthioli. Saga-
penum in Italia gigni. Plinius autor est sed in totum transmarino
alienatum.

Saxifraga magna Matthioli ; alia ab Hyrcina [sit Pimpinella saxifiaga].
Saxifraga Bavarica in petris nudis musci more innascens, foliolis thymi

sed virentioribus flosculo stellato candido quinque foliolis constante,

elegant.

Scammonea Antiochena aliquot annos apud nos durat asservata in fictilibus
per hyemem, et aestatis initio floret, sed semen nunquam absolvit.

Scammonea Monspeliensis maritima. Crescit etiam copiose prope
Tripolim in maritimis ubi incolae vocant Meudheudi.

Scordium secundum Plinii, Salvia syl. Tragi. Scorodonia Cordi. Odorem
habet Scordii nonnihil Teucrii referens.

Scorpioides folio Bupleuri i. Dodonaei, Thelephium Anguillarae.

Scrophularia peregrina.

Sena Italica apud nos fuit annua planta. Alexandrina ne quidem in Italia
ultra annum dura ideoque pro frutice haberi nequit. Contrahit nocte
folia sicut multa alia eius generis leguminosa.

Sesamum verum.

Seseli Aethiopicum alterum folia fert Aquilegiforme similia sed nmlto
ampliora : semen aliquantulum Cinamomum representat odore et
sapore. ex illustriss. principis Landgr. Wilhelmi Cassellano horto.

Seseli Massiliense. Lucas Chinus ^ excellens rerum simplicium censor, circa
viginti plantas Seseleos Massiliensis descriptioni convenientes se
novisse affirmavit.

Siler Creticum quo nomine ex Italia missum foliis Cicutae sed latioribus et

paucioribus, semine incurvo, grandi, hirsuto et fusco.
Sison interdum ex semine provenit, pro Amomo habetur in officinis.
Solanum somniferum.
Sphaerocephalus flore albo.

Symphitum petraeum Neapoli missum foliis Thymi sed maioribus et
longioribus nonnihil hirsutis aliquantum sed minus, odoratis, capitulis
Thymi, flosculis purpurascentibus. [f. 163

Telephium Matth. flore albicante et rubro. Radice instar aloes suspensa in
aere crescit.

Thalictrum i. Italicum Dodonaeo tertium.

ii. Germanicum latifolium. Dodon. primum.

iii. Angustifolium.

iv. Parvum Dodonaeo quintum.

V. Flore purpureo Dodonaeo quartum.
vi. Flore albo.

^ Joseph de Casa bona, Duke of Tuscany, corresponded with Camerarius.
The Aloe spinosa sive Americana flowered in his garden in 1586, throwing up
a spike to a height of over 12 cubits.

^ Luca Ghini delivered botanical lectures at I^ologna which were attended by
William Turner about 1542.

ITALIAN PLANTS

Thora Italica, Napello congener.

Thymelaea multis locis Italiae in Monte S. Juliani Hetruriae ct per
Apuliam.

Thymus verus capitatus seu Creticus in Italia circa Neapolim et in Sycilia

qui tamen annuus fuit.
Trifolium Halicacabum sive Vesicarium aliis cicer sylvestre, quibusdam

etiam satis inepte Dorychnium, folia plerumque quaterna vel quina

gerit ut Loto annumerandum videatur.
Trifolium hepaticum sive Aureum, Hepatica nobilis^ flore rub. circa

Corbachium ^Vestphaliae, flore albo Cadelburgi in sylvis.
Trinciatella ex Italia. Denti leonis planta similis sed tenerior, foliis

quoque magis crispis, laciniatis gustu dulcibus, floribus minoribus et

elegantioribus, semine oblongo, lato, membranaceo, superiore parte

duriusculis aliquot pilis munito, eo ipso anno quo seritur florcs et

semen producit et si per hyemem in fictili servetur etiam in plures

annos perdurat : alioquin radices quae dulces sunt ut universa planta

primo frigore leduntur et intereunt.
Valeriana Alpina multo odoratior, flores enim Citrii pomi odorem referunt

[ex Allobrogum montibus ad me missa a C L. Medico loanne

Antonio Saraceno |.
Verbascum sylvestre foliis Salviae. Secundum Anguillaram in Italia

provenit apud Marsos ad arcem quandam Pisinan dictam Suchamele

incolae vocant.

Violae speciem Bysantii coli Costaeus in Mesuem annotavit caetera
Martiae similem, sed flore infinitis foliolis constructo et aequante
Rosam Damascenam magnitudine et odore etiam nostratis superante.
Huius recentem florem unum atque alterum prima mensa sumptum
alvum subducere instar recentis rosae Hyeronimum Capellum
Venetum rerum naturalium peritissimum observasse tradit.

[MS. ff. 162-3.

Andahisian and other Spanish Plants collected by Boelius and
described by Goodyer.

Guilhaume Boel in the year 1608 brought to Parkinson two
Trefoils which he had gathered in Spain ' with about two hundred
other sorts of seeds, besides divers other rare plants, dried and laide
betweene papers By sowing the seeds Parkinson * saw the faces
of a great many excellent plants, but many came not to maturitie '
with him and most * by unkindly years that fell afterwards perished
The at mm, 1108.

Aracus maior Baeticus Boelii.
Astragalus marinus Lusitanicus Boelii.
Cattaria tuberosa radice Baetica Boelii.
Caucalis maior Baetica.

Chrysanthemum Baeticum Boelii inscriptum.

„ tenuifolium Baeticum Boelii.

Convolvulus coeruleus minor Baeticus.
Faba veterum serratis foliis Boelii.
Geranium Baeticum sp. Boelii.

362

SPANISH PLANTS

Gramen cristatum Boelii.

„ tremulum maximum.
Hieraliiim Narbonense falcata siliqua L'Obelii.
stellatum Boelii.

„ medio nigrum flore maior Boelii.

„ „ „ minore Boelii.

lanosum {?).
Jacea capitulis hirsutis Boelii.
Jacea palustris Baetica Boelii.
Lagopus trifolius maior Baeticus.
Lathyrus aestivus Baeticus flore coeruleo Boelii.

„ edulis Baeticus flore albo Boelii.

„ palustris Lusitanicus Boelii.

„ aestivus dumetorum Baeticus Boelii.
Legumen pallidum Vlissiponense Nonii Brandonii.
Malva flore amplo Baetica aestiva.
Medica maioris Baeticae species prima, spinulis intortis.

„ „ „ spinosae, species altera.

Nigella elegans ex Hispania.
Papaver rhoeas Baeticum.
Phalaris minor Baetica Boelii semine nigro.

„ „ semine albo.

Phalaris bulbosa Boelii.
Pisum maculatum Boelii
Scorpioides multiflorus Boelii.

„ siliqua crassa Boelii.
Silibum minus flore nutante Boelii.
Sonchus Africanus Boelii.

Robert Tezve s List of 6()

Glaux Diosc. Clusii

Genuina syl. pasticha

Aster Italorum

Chamaerododendros mont.

Linum marinum luteum

Scabiosa maior satorum

Saginae spergula

Chamaelinum syl. flo. albo

Eruca nasturtio cognata

Thlaspi narbonense

Helxine cissampelos altera attri-

plicis effigie
Hieratium alterum grandius
Condrilla coerulea
Origanum hieracleoticum
Blattaria flo. luteo
Cannabis syl. spuria
Nucula terrestris
Ranunculus tomentosus
Scrophularia maior
Pimpinella maior ffuchsii
Agrioriganum

Plants from Russia ^ 1^32.
Coniza media

Campanula minor rotundifolia

Anthillis leguminosa

Gnaphalium minus montanum

Muscus clavatus

Muscus alter clavatus inscriptus

Clynopodium

Viorna

Buphthalmon

Gnaphalium Anglicum et

Belgicum
Cruciata minima
Thalictrum

Geranium batrachoides
Veronica recta herbariorum
Ledon foliis Rorismarini
Gramen iunceum marit.
Milleum
Herba paris
Lysimachia lutea
Chamaenerion
Coniza helenitis

RUSSIAN PLANTS

3^3

Mellita incana

Astragaloides altera herbariorum
Hieracium Sabaudicum
Veronica mas Matthioli
Helleborine seu Epipactis
Dentaria altera herbar. ,
Alabastritis altera
Rubus Idaeus
Cicutaria latifolia
Coniza maior vera
Aconitum luteum ponticum
Carduus pratensis Tragi
Barbarea

Anagallis aquatica
Ranunculus flo. albo
Gramen parnassi '
Gentiana minima
Gentianella alpina
Monophyllon

Phaseolus ex phaseolis diversus

Polygonatum

Ranunculus min. sept.

Sorbus syl.

Ribes nigra

Ribes Arabum

Pyrola

& many other which I know not & are not to be found in my herball, I
will have their efifigies drawne & will hereafter send them you with their
leaves Russe names & vertues.

Mosco. 12 Junii 1632

Robert Tewe.

150//. p. ann. \2li. lo^ a moneth.

[MS. f. I35.

Abstract of Adrian Spigelius' Isagoges in rem herbariavi^ 1606.
In the hand of Parkinson.

Pimpinalla ad radicem quadam in Polonia granula rubra gerit quibus lana
purpureo colore inficiuntur. Isagogis Spigelii. fol. 15.

Cachrys pilula est quae Latino caret nomina, urendi vim habens in
medecina. banc arbores aliquot praeter proprium fructum pariunt
hyeme durantem postquam folia cecidere ut Quercus, Abies^ Larix,
Pinus, Tilia, Nux Juglans, Platanusque ; sed in Pino Juglande-
que saepius quam- in aliis arboribus conspicitur. Is crescit hyeme
deciditque, vere cum pilula aperitur. fol. 17.

Lysimachia purpurea trifolia Patavina Spigelii. fol. 12.

Sophonia Plinii nonnullis Blitum tricolor, fol. 24.

Ononis non spinosa Senensis capreolos, ut Vicia odore iucundissimo.
fol. 39.

Hieratium flore purpureo. [fol. 41.]

Junci odorati caulis rotundus est, foliis alternatim obsitus, in quorum alis
floras continentur, folia Gramini similia, cuius potius est species. Et
cur Juncum appellatur miratur cum neque caulem, neque folia
Junci habeat. [p. 42.]

Linum syl. fl: coeruleo, albido, rubescente et luteo.

Osiris flores edit luteos a fronte latiusculos, clausosque, os ranae imitantes :

Cauda angusta est et inflexa, ut Cojisolidae regalis; foliis Lini, qualia

etiam in Esula minori conspiciuntur. [p. 43.]
Linaria odorata et Linaria Valentina Clusii quorum folia Lino non sunt

similia sed flores tantum Linariae.
Vrtica foetida seu Galeopsis ideo dicta quia Galei id est mustelae faciem

et rictum flores quodamodo referant.
Blattaria flore rubro.

Phlomis a foliorum hirsutie appellatur. [MS. f. 1 59

[Continuation of MS. (68 lines) is not printed.]

364 INDIAN, CRETAN, AND ARABIAN PLANTS

Graecorum Turcarinn et Arabiiin appellationes.

MS. f. 155.

[Abstracted from P. Bellonius, Observationes, translated into Latin by
Clusius and printed with his Exotica in 1605. A Traveller's list of Native
names, closely written by Parkinson on a folded paper measuring 7f in. x 3 in.]

Plantartim Cretaruin indigenarttjnqiie rarimi nomina.

[This list containing about 125 names of plants was evidently abstracted by
Parkinson from Bellonius, Observatio?ies, loc. cit.^ pp. 23-5.]
Acer. Cistus. Coris. Anagyris. Ferula. Ilex. Cupressus. Tithymalus

dendroides, 2. hominem alt. Picea. Thapsea. Libanotis. Pinaster.

Seseli. Dictamnus. Pseudodictamnus vulgo Cromido filo. Oxyce-

drus. Ferula, Artica dicitur.

Aristolochiae quartum genus Clematitide similis arbores scandens et
premens.

Tria Origani diversa genera. Onitis peculiariter inter scopulos. Hera-
cleoticum contra humentibus locis gaudet. Sylvestre neutrius naturae
particeps circa sepes crescit. ^

Tragacantha non gumnifera in Candia. [MS. f. 157.

[Fifty lines omitted. This list is followed by lisls of about 20 plants growing
in Lemnos and 23 growing on Mount Athos. Both lists v;ere derived from
Belon, pp. 31 and 42-3.]

Plants of Gallipoliy Sinai, and Palestine.

[MS. II, f. 158 V.

[Practically a table of contents of the plants described by Belon, very
closely and neatly written on the back of the paper with the Cretan List.]

List of Arabian and Indian Plants, Desiderata compiled for the
guidance of a Traveller iji the East,
The first eight items are not in Parkinson's handwriting.

Per Cayr et Alexandria.

Folium indicum is a leafe of a tree & hath 3 ribbes in every leafe it
tasteth somwhat hott like cloves or spice : the Arabians in their
language doe call it Gadegi Indi & some doe call them Famalapatra.
The freshest in coullour & the quickest in taste is the best but
remember the true have ribbes onely on every leafe both on the
backside & the lowerside, and none true have none.
[Probably a form of Cinnaviomum Zeylatiic2iin I'reyne. ]

Costus is a certaine whitish roote that tasteth very hott somewhatt bitter
withall. The Arabians call it Cost or Cast & some of them Costi.
If it be fresh it will smell very sweete. At Guzarate it is called Vylot
& in some places Pucho.
[Root of Aiuklandia Cosius.']

ARABIAN PLANTS

Amomum is a certaine fruite that is clustering together having about 7 or
8 or 10 berryes on a stalke, every berry somewhat Hke a greate grape
but whitish or yellowish & is skinnye on the outside & conteyneth
divers browne seedes within them that smell very hott & are very
sharpe biting the tongue. The Arabians call it Amana.

[One of the many kinds of Cardamons. Clusius received Aniomiim Carda-
inonum L., in 1605.]

Calamus gromaticus is a certaine drogue not very well knowen to us
& therefore can give no true description, yet we understand it is to be
had in those East partes : we would faine see the true. The Arabians
call it Cassabalderira.

lAcorus calamus L., received by Clusius in Western Europe in 1574 ]

Squinant is a certaine small rushe that tasteth hott like spice : the whole
countrye of Arabia aboundeth as plentifully with it as other countryes
with grasse & rushes. The Arabians call it Adhar & Adher. The
smaller & finer the rushes are, the hotter in taste & the better : the
greater rushes are courser.

[Herba Schoenanthi vel S'quinanthi from Amiropogon laniger Desf.J

Acacia is the iuyce of the fruite of a tree called Akakia growing in Egypt
& Arabia, thickened & made into small cakes very astringent & bind-
ing in tast. There is also a fine small white gum that is taken from
the same tree Akakia wherof we would fayne have some. The fruite
of the tree are certaine codds wherwath they use & dresse lether in
Egypt. We wold faine have store of those codds which are like
beane codds to be sent unto us also.

•[Gum of Acacia arabica was known in 17th cent. B.C. and is mentioned by
Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Pliny.]

Ameos is a small seed smaller than persly seede & tasteth somwhat hott,
it is called Ameos I thinck every where.

[This is doubtless the species described as Amini parvum foliis foeniculi (Park.
Theatrum, 912) = Cartim amnioides B. & IL]

Balsamum is a whitish oyle thin & cleere that cometh from Megha & other
places in Arabia gathered distilling from a tree there growing which
they call Balessan of a sweete & sharpe sent somwhat like Turpintine
but thiner & whiter, & if a droppe be put upon water it spreadeth on
the toppe of the water like common oyle, & wil be whitish if it be
gathered togetb.er from off the water with a little stick or other
thinge.

The berryes of the tree likewise we wold have some store they are
brownish round berryes with a sharpe pointe or end & smell somwhat
stronge like the oyle.
The small sprigges & branches of the same tree Balessan likewise we
want with smell of the oyle, if they be fresh are of a darke browne
collour on the outside & are a little gumye & will stick to ones fingers
espetially if they be fresh and new.
\Balsa7n0dendr0n GileadejiseJ]

The 7'emainder of the items were written by Parkinson hijnself.
Gate so called of most both Indians, Arabians and Persians is a thick
blackish substance allmost like Opium but a little harsh or astringent
and bitter withall. The tree is full of thornes and is called by the
Indians Hacchhic & we call it Lycium : we would faine have some
of the beryes or fruite that growe upon this tree.

[Perhaps the Zj'if/Mw of Dioscorides prepared from Indian species oi Berber is ^
Parkinson spells the worLi Hattych].

366

INDIAN AND ARABIAN PLANTS

Sandal of the Arabians & Chandama of the Indians is that wood called
Saunders white and yellow.

[In 1635 the duty levied on the wood of Santalum album L. , was is. per lb. oa
the white, and 2s. per lb. on the yellow.]

Caxcax is the greate heade of a Poppy that will hold a pinte of liquor.
\^Papaver so)nniferiim L.]

Imgu & Imgara of the Indians is a kinde of Gum or iuice & is called of
the Arabians Altiht & Antit : the plante from whence this iuice is
taken is called Anguiden & Angeidan & in the Latine tonge Laser.
If it were possible to gett some seede of the plante which is broade
& flatt almost like unto a short rounde wing of a bird.

\_FeriiIa asafoetida. Description taken from Garcias, Park. Theatrnm, 1569.]

Calambac of the Indians of Malacca is the best Lignum Aloes : and Garro
is the worst. The Arabians call this last, which is the worser,
Aquilage & Haind.

[The best Aloes wood, for use as incense, comes from Aquilaria Agallocha, Roxb.
Garo de Malaca is A. ovata. ' Selectissimi fragmenta* of this wood were seen
by Clusius in England in 1581 in the collections of Hugh Morgan and James
Caret.]

[MS. f. 165.

List of Indiaii and Arabian^ &c., iianies of Plants^ and Vegetable
Products of Economic Value.

Aloes, the Arabs & Turks call Cebar. p. 149.^ Opium. Caphura or

Camphora. p. 160.
Lacca called Luc Sumutri of the Indians of Pegu & Martaban that doe

not use the Arabian wordes Luc. It is called Tree. p. 158.
Tabaxir is a drogue unknowen to us : it is like a graye gum or blackish

sugar, p. 164.
Sambarane is a wood like unto Saunders, p. 174.
Macra is the barke of the rootes of a tree. p. 264.
Coru, Cura, & Curodapala is all but one thing.

Pavate in Malabar, of the Portug. Arbol contra las erisipolas. p. 266.
Cubebe be berryes. p. 184. Araca is a fruite. p. 189.
Cocos be greate nuts as big as a childes heade. p. 191.
There be 5 sortes of Myrobalanes called after this manner by the Indians.
Aritiqui be those we call Citrini, some call them Arare. p. 194:

S^Tcrminalia citrina.'\

Anuale we call Emblici. These 2 sortes are espetially these we gladly
would have ayther yong trees if it were possible or els the stones of the
fruite as fresh as maye be brought.
S^Evtblica officinalis.'^^

Rezanuale are called with us Indi Gotin be Bellerici. Aratca be
Chebuli.

I'/'erminalia chebulica.']

Garcias ab Orta doth call them Canarini which inhabit those sea coasts
of Decan and Guzarate (aunciently called Gadrosia), lib. 1. cap. 2.
Tamarinde is a sowre pulpe of a fruite. p. 196.

Anacardii be certaine big beanes black and fashioned somwhat like an
harte. p. 272.

* The page numbers refer to Clusius' Exotica^ 1605.

INDIAN AND ARABIAN PLANTS

3^7

Spica Nardil, p. 273. Nardus Indica.
Costus. Ambargrise. Meske.

Rhabarbarum, we call it Rubarbe, a purging roote. p. 274.
Radix China the Chineses call it Lampatan. The Turkes, Persians &
Arabians Chophehma.
[Smt'/ax Chifta, L.]

Curcum of the Arabians & Saroth of the Turkes is that we call heare
Turmerick.

\^Ciircni)ia hiiga, L.]

Galanga is of 2 sortes, one is a small reddish roote hott in tast & is called
of the Chineses Lavandou. The other is a farre greater roote blackish
on the outside & white within. The Indians call it Calcharu the
Arabians call it Calvegian. They of Java Lancuare. Park. p. 1585.

Moringa is a tree & the fruite of the same is so called also, but the Turkes
& Arabians call it Morian, they at Guzarate Turiaa : the roote of this
tree is a singular remedy against poysons. Park. 1650.

Bezoar is a stone of greate valew if it be true & naturall & not artificiall as
a greate many are that are brought fro thence.

Negundo is a small berrye like pepper : the Turkes, Arabians & Persians
call it Bache.

Jaca or Panax is a fruite as big as a pompion set with thick shorte thornes
but not pricking. P. 1639.

Durione or Duriaen the fruite is as big as the Jaca & hath sharpe thornes
on the rinde of it very dangerous to touch : it hath divers stones"
within it like unto Peache stones. P. 1640.

Mangas is called of the Turks & Arabians Amba & is a delicate fruite.
Another kinde herof called Mangas bravas is a most strong & violent
poyson. P. 1 63 1.

Ananas is a deHcate fruite like the heade of an Hartichoke the Portugals
& Spaniards call it Pinas.

Carcapuli is like an Orenge when the red outer side is taken awaye & the
meate w^^iin somwhat like, but will not be separate in y* manner.

Carambolas the fruite is of the bignes of an hens egg or bigger, yellow on
the outside with fowre ribs on the outside : in the middle it hath
seedes that are of a sowre or sharpe tast yet pleasant.

Jamboli of the Indians & Tupha Indi of the Arabians & Persians, is a most
excellent fruite well smelling & of a pleasant taste of the bignes of
a greate peare : there are herof 2 sortes one is of a darke red collour
allmost black & for the most parte is without kernell, the other is of
a pale red collour & conteineth a hard white stone of the bignes
of a peache stone. It beareth fruite divers tymes in a yeare & is
never without flowers & fruite.

Ambares is a fruite as big as a wallnut and of sowre yet somwhat tarte &
pleasant when it is thorough ripe it hath within a hard gristly kernell.

Bangue is a smaller seede then Hempeseed & of a darker collour.

Pinones de Maluco so called of the Portugalls.

Charameis the Arabians, Persians, & Turkes call it Ambela. They are of

2 sortes, one is of the bignes of an haselnutt with ringing corners,

of a pleasant sowre tast. The other is bigger.
Brungara aradua is otherwise called the Herbe of Maluca & is an excellente

herbe to make salves to heale any sore. We wold faine have the

seedes of it.

368

BERMUDAN PLANTS

Tamalapatra be certaine leaves of greate use in Phisick wch the Arabians
call Cadegi Indi & are like unto Pomecitron leaves but narrower
towarde the end wth three ribs only running along the leafe & doe
somwhat smell like cloves. [MS. fol. i6o.

[MS. continues with several items included in the list onf. 165, printed
above. The descriptions of the last ten items agree closely with those
in Parkinson's Theatrmn and with those added by him to the last
document].

List of Plants growing in the Bermudas.
In the handwriting of Parkinson.
The poisoned weede is like our English Ivie, being touched causeth
rednes itching & lastly blisters wcl» after a while passe awaye without further
harme. toxicodejidron.']

The red weede a tall plant whose stalke being all over covered with
a red rinde therupon termed the red weede, the roote wherof being
soked in any licour or a small quantitye of the iuice druncke procureth
a very forcible vomitt & is generally used of the people & found very
effectuall for the paines & distemper of the stomach.

The j)urging beane is a kinde of Woodbinde very cornonly growing by
the seaside & rufieth upon trees twining like a Vine : the fruite somewhat
resembleth a beane but somwhat flatter, the which anyway eaten worketh
excellently in the nature of a purge but very vehemently yet without any
perill.

The Costive tree is a small tree.

Another plante like a Bramble bushe which beareth a long yellowe
fruite whose shell is very harde & within it a hard berrye that beaten &
taken inwardly purgeth gentlye.

Red pepper a fruite like our Barberies whose taste is terrible hot for the
tyme if it be chewed betweene the teeth, & therefore it is swallowed downe
whole & is founde to be of the same operation with red pepper & thence
borrowed the name.

\Capsicii7n sp.]

In the bottome of the Sea upon the Rocks there is found growing
a large kinde of plante in the forme of a Vine leafe but farre more spreade
with veines of a pale red colour very strangely interlaced one into another
which they call the Feather whose vertue is altogether unknowne.

There are since their plantation nourished white red & yellowe Potatos
Pineapples, Papaws, Plantains, the America breade, the Cassado roote, the
Indian Pumpion, Water Melon, Indices etc.

Cassado a roote of a wonderfull encrease & maketh very good white
breade but the iuice rank poison, yet boiled is better than wine.
\_Manihot zctilissima.']

Pineapples neare as big as Artichokes, the most daintye tast of any
fruite. Apples, Prickly Pears & Pease, all differing from ours.

A Pepper groweth in a little red huske as big as a Wallnutt 4 inches long
& small cods.

Twoo sortes of Cotton : the silke Cotton as in the East Indies groweth
upon a small stalke as good for beds as downe : the other upon a shrub
& beareth a cod bigger then a Wallnutt, full of Cotton wooll.

Locus tree, hard timber, 2 or 3 fadome about, of a greate height beareth
a cod full of meale will make breade in necessitye.
l^Hymenaea conrbaril.']

BERMUDAN PLANTS

Sope berries like a Musket bullet that washe as white as sope & goode
to eate : in the middle of the roote is a thinge like a Sedge, a very good
fruite : we call them Pengromes.
[^Sapi)idus.']

A Pappaw is as greate as an apple, coloured like an Orrange & good to
eate.

[^Carica papaya.']

A small hard nutt like a hasell nutt groweth close to the grounde & is
like that groweth on ye Palmetas : we call them Mucca nuts.

A greate tree whose leaves are used to make a Mustarde.

The Mancinell tree the fruite is poyson, it is an apple of a most pleasant
sweate smell of the bignes of a Crab : the Swine & birds eschewe to
eate of them.

[ H ippomane mancinella . ]

A tree like a Pine beareth a fruite so greate as a Muske Melon : hath
alwayes ripe fruite flowers & greene fruite which will refresh 2 or 3 men
very comfortably.

Plum trees many, the fruite greate & yellowe, which but strained into
water will in 24 houres make very good drincke.
Wild figge trees the fruite feede the hogs etc.

The Gwane tree beareth a fruite so bigge as a Peare, good & wholsome»
Palmetos of 3 severall sortes.

\_Chamaer ops glabra^ C. excelsa?^

Cedar trees tall & greate.

[The Pencil Ctdox, /uniperus Bermudiana.']

Fustick trees the wood yellow, good for dying.
\_Maclura tinctorial

Anotto.

\_Bixa Orellana.'\

[MS. f. 167.

[This list, both in the order of the plants and in the wording of the descriptions,
so closely resembles Parkinson's list of Bermudan plants printed in 1640 at the
end of his Theatrimi Botanicmn^ p. 167 1, that it is probable that the printed
version was taken from this copy in an abbreviated form.]

List of Nuts, Fruits, and Seeds, desiderata ' To have from
Virginia, New England etcJ

Ciprasse nuttes or young trees.

The ripe Ackornes of their White Oake or red scarlet Oake & Black
Oake.

Black & White Walnutt & a greate one.

Cedars the berryes & the leaves, to see of what kinde they be.
Firre & Pine trees young & their apples.

Grapes white & red & a smaller black Grape growing in the Islandes,

some ripe & sweeter.
Cherryes in clusters like grapes but not so good.
Black & Yellowe Plumes as big as a Damson.

White Thorne berryes are as big as English Cherryes & esteemed better
than Cherryes.

B b

370

VIRGINIAN PLANTS

A white Poplar tree with greate leaves broade pointed.
Sassafras trees young & the berryes.

The Cassado roote or Jocka, Hiucca ?. Sarsaparilla, all the sortes.

The Maracoc Apples.

The Maye Apples or seedes.

The Snake-roote freshe plantes & seede.

Virginia Lentills.

Divers sortes of Lillias.

Maidenhaire.

Penni marva is Silke grasse.

Musquaspen a small roote of a fingers bignes as red as blood wherew*^

they dye their mattes.
Poconas is a small roote in the mountaines which they use for swellinges

and so painte their faces.
A small lowe tree whose white flower is like a small hedge Honysuckle.
Puchuming are plumes sweete like dates.
Red flat cods of a tree whose red flowers they use for salletts.
Arbor Judae.

The Locus tree the cods w^b seede.
Checinquamins are small Chesnuttes.
A plante that beares a Scarlet flower.
Flower de luces. Lillyes. Colombines.

Or any other herbe or seede growing there allthough you thinck we have

the same in England for we finde most thinges to diffarr.
[Lentills of that countrye.]

[MS. f. 20.

List of Seeds imported from Virginia^ 1636.
Virginia seeds rec^ from Mr. Morrice^ 18 March 1636.

1. A scarlet flower requiring a moist ground. Cardinalis forte.

2. A yellow wood called Locust long flat blackish browne pods, black

round flatt seede kidney like.
{Robinia pseudacacia.']

3. A poisonous berrye black rugged round berry with blackish seede

straked like a tick.

4. Arbor Judae forte thin flat browne cods with somewhat flat round

shining browne seede. Sent for a tree whose gredeline (?) flower
is an excellent sallat.
\Cercis canadensis.'\

5. A black round rugged berry like large peper cornes with 3 square

black shining seeds sent for a running vine y* bears no flowers.

^ Who Mr. Morrice may have been, we do not know. A Richard Morrice
was Master of the Barber Surgeons Company in 1634. But there was also
a lohannes Mauritius or John Morris, a friend of Parkinson, who extolled the
excellencies of the Theatrum Botaniciun, and the worth of its author, in three
pages of eloges, in two languages. Two of his lines lend colour to our suggestion
that he was interested in- Virginian plants. Morris addresses Parkinson with
the words

. . . neither dost thou spare
T' insert whatsoere the other world doth beare.
A remark which would come naturally from a poetaster who had also given
Parkinson seeds of plants from the New World.

VIRGINIAN PLANTS

371

6. Nux vesicaria forte brownish bladders w^-h ij round pale coloured

shining seeds like ours but farre lesse. Found on small trees
in the woods.

[? Staphylea trifo/iata.']

7. Euonymus forte growing on a dogwood tree : a reddish great seed

vvth huskes like it.

8. A kind of Hawes much eaten by the Indians blackish flat kernells

like the Pishamin : w^^in black shining thin huskes with little or
no pulpe.

9. Virginia silke growing in a long white thick cod : flat browne seede with

silken dowe Periploca forte.

10. Palma christi brought thether & thrives well.

\_Kicinus convnunis.']

11. Maye Apple seede a blackish browne seede lesse than Stramonium,

the flower white & the fruit much eaten by them.

12. The greate Snake roote small long yellowish seed like Langdebeefe

but scalye & downy among, being greene it hath a milke more
bitter than aloes.

[In the Morisonian Herbarium at Oxford is * The great Rattle Snake root of
Virginia, a rare Cordial), Mr. Willis 1676 It is Asartiin virginicuin L.]

13. A kinde of Persicaria but higher by much then ours, a brownish

black . . . flattish seed in whitish skin, huskes or skins.

14. A kinde of double Yarrowe.

15. Found in the woods. A pale browne pointed berrye set in a fine

long-leaved huske like Guaiacana & 3 or 4 halfe round crested
or straked kernells or skin.

16. The berrye of a plante whose juice is good red incke. Solanum

Virginianum sorte.

17. Seede of the herbe Carales, so called fro a Captain that said it was

much eaten in East India & in a tyme of scarsitye there also :
a small black shining seade like Amaranthus purpureus, not
Milium nigrum.

18. Small Snake roote seede. 7.

19. K duskye roundish forme or solid graine as big as the heade of

Scrophularia, with a white kernell in it : common in the woods.

20. A long duskye gray pod small at the lower ende & bigger round

& crooked pointed at the other opening in 2 partes with one
rugged brownish pease there lying & the shewe of another at
the bottome, but emptye. Found on small lowe imbracing
vines.

2 1 . Virginia Lentills small short blackish thin cods somwhat thick on both

edges or sides & much smaller black lentill-like seede within.

22. Water melons flat darck graye seede like Citrulls.

23. Red water melons flat darck graye seade like unto the other but

a little longer pointed.

24. Stramonium forte : it came without name.

[MS. f. 21.

B b 2

APPENDIX

GOODYER'S MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS

Goodyer's miscellaneous papers and letters have recently been
sorted out and bound up in one folio volume (GOODYER MS. ii).
They include :

1. Descriptions of new or rare plmits, mostly written on fif. 81-146,
including many rough drafts of descriptions scribbled on the backs
of other papers. See pages 109 to 193 of the present volume.

2. Notes of Botanical Excursions^ 16 17-1658.

Goodyer rarely allowed a summer to pass without an excursion to some part
of south Hampshire, Southampton, the sea-shore at Hayling, or the New Forest.
There is evidence of journeys to Essex in 1616, 1620, 1621 ; London, 1617,
1628, 1654; Wiltshire, 1618, 1624; Oxford, 1622; Northamptonshire, 1625;
Surrey, 1634 ; and Bath, 1638.

3. Lists of Garden Plants.

4. Lists of Exotic Plants.

5. Lists of Medicinal Plants and Materia Medic a.

6. Sundry Medical Prescriptions.

7. Lists of Books.

8. Letters addressed to GoODYER and drafts of letters written
by him.

1618. Nov. 7. G. at the Red Lion in Fleet Street to some person believed to
be Coys, describing the botanical results of his excursion
in Wiltshire, p. 29.

On back. Addresses of Nicholas Everenden, Sedles-
combe, Samuel Shute, Thomas Coltherste at the albus
Lion in Deanside.

Last poem by Sir Walter Raleigh, 'Even such is
time . . .' p. 32.

n. d. GOODIER to person unknown. Concerning payment for Canary

Wine on back of a Terrier of Durford Priory, p. 9.

1621. Nov. 9. Laurence Davis to John GooDiER at Droxford. Concern-
ing gold weights sent by Maye the carrier, p. 48.

1631. July 13. Griffith Hinton to John Goodyear at Maple Derham.

Concerning the Bishop of Winchester, p. 56.

1631. Nov. 15. Griffith Hinton to John Goodyear at the sygne of the
Angell neer Denmark House in the Strand. Concerning
fruit trees, p. 58.

1631. Jan. 16. G. communicating a list of plants indigenous in France to
a traveller, p. 39.
„ G. to Mr. Wray enclosing the above, p. 60.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS

373

1632. June Robert Tewe in Moscow communicating list of Russian
plants, p. 362.

1634. June 24. G. to Mr. Worlidge about date of Surrey Assizes, p. 73.

9. Other letters.

n. d. John Parkinson to the worthy gentlewoman Mrs. Geeres.

Scribbled over and almost indecipherable, p. 266.
n. d. [Dr. Morison] to Dr. V. How, asking for plants, of which

he gives a list. p. 355.
n. d. Dr. Argent to Lobel. p, 252.
n. d. J. DE Monnel to Lobel. p. 252.

J o. Miscellaneous Papers.

Of the Tenth mony due at Christmas 1608 received by
Edward Cole ajtd left with Roger Cole-

Thomas Hull received to my Lord's use the 22 of January 1608 iiij'i

Mr. Myers received the v'^ of January 1608 to my Ls use xxxiijli

Thomas Hull received more upon my Lords noate 15 Feb^'y 1608 iiij^i

Edward Cole hath payd to my Lord in money the 29 of Aprill 1609 Ixx^^

Sum cxj^i of Tenth
Of the sixth payment of the subsedy due the xxvj*^ day
of March 1909 {stc) &. by him received in Swod.

Edward Cole hath payd to my Lord in mony Ixx^i

[MS. f. 127.

Summons to John Rowland, Tithing-man of Ropley. 1614.
Southt.

Theis are in his ma*y name to will and require you that ye uppon the receipt
hereof you repaireunto me at Bishopps Waltham, or to some other of hismajties
Justices of the peace within this Countie neare adjoyninge to take you Corporall
oth for the dewe Execution & performance of the office of Tithingman-shippe
for the Tithinge of Roplie, And hereof I require you not to fayle at your perrill
dated at Newe Alresford under my hand and seale the xxiii of September 1614.

To John Rowland of Roplie
deliver thcis.

[MS. f. 3.

On back

[Description of a tree bearing Cachryes, p. 175.]

Terrier of Dnrford Monastery,

Domum et Scitum omp monasterii de Durford cum ptinent, videlt duo prata,
cont. p. estimac. quinq. acr. quorum uii vocat. le mill meade & alterum vocat.
le kechyn meade ; duo alia prata sine clausa vocat Smithes meadowes, cont. p.
estimac. octo acras, un. aliud pratum sine clausa vocat. le wish meade at le wash
meade cont. p. estimac. viginti acr. ; uh clausu pasture vocat. le Brydgfield cont.
p. estimac. duodecim acr. ; uii aliud clausii pasture vocat. le Smithfield contin.
p. estimac. duodecim acr., uh aliud clausii pasture vocat. le Rye cont. p. estim.
sex acr., uii aliud clausu terre pastur vocat. le Conduit field cont. p. estim.
viginti quinq. acr., uii aliud clausu terr. vocat. le North field cont. p. estim. trigint.
quinq. acr., tria crofta sine terre pasture vocat. le Chapell Croftes cont. p. estim.
triginta acr., duos campos vocat. le Rydgfields cont. p. estim. trigint. acr., duo
alia crofta terre past, vocat. Robyns fields cont. p- estimac. duodecim acr. Ac
tota ilia terre Vastr. Bruera et rampua in Durford Hethe et Westherting Hethe,
cont. p. estim. ducent. acr. ; uh mesuagium sive Tenementum vocat. Hethe
Howse in Petersf. in Com. Sowtht, dcto monasterio spectaii. cont. p. estim.
centum acras.

374

GOODYER

Summary.

Acres.

Myll mea.de & Kichin niea.de.

Smith's medowes.

Wash meade.

Brydg field.

Calfes lease.

Dame Annys.

Smythfield.

le Rie.

Conduit field.

200

100

[5^

2 prata
I "

1 clausiim

2 „

I V

I „

North field
Chapell Croftes
Rydg fields
Robyns fields

Durford Hethe & West-

herting hethe
Hethehowse

Total

[MS. f. 6.

[Dureford Abbey was a small house of Premonstratensian canons founded in the reign
of Henry II, and suppressed in 1536. Its last days were passed in great poverty, the
buildings were in ruins, the canons reduced in number. Layton, in a letter to Cromwell,
describes the poverty of Dureford, 'which might better be called Dirteforde — the poorest
abbey I have seen, as this bearer, the abbot, can tell you — far in debt and in great decay.
This young man, for his time, has done well, and I have licensed him to repair to you for
the liberty of himself and his brethren'.^

A seal of the Abbey is in the possession of Magdalen College.]

Draft receipt for £2^0 received by W, Inkferbie & Richard Bell
from Sir T. Bilson. 1620. hi Goodyers handivriting.

Mem. that the xv^^ day of No: we y® within mentioned W Inkferbie & Ric
Bell have had and receaved of y^ within-mentioned S^ Tho. Bilson Knight the
within-mentioned some of 250^ of lawfull Eng. money at his mansion house
called Westmapledurham in the Countie of South by virtue of y® within-
mentioned power given us by our mother in law Philipp Bynwyn als Benwyn,
and have delivered upp the within-mentioned deed according to y*^ said power
within given us to the said Sir Th. Bilson Knight : In witness whereof we here
unto sett our hands, receaved the said 250^ and d[eliver]ed in ye presence of

\\ ch I have sent

[11 Januarij 1620.] [MS. f. 11 v.

[The Inkforbye family fairly invaded Magdalen College in the sixteenth century.
Of the four children of Andrew Inkforbye, a Merchant of Ipswich, two gained Fellow-
ships, one married a Fellow, and one married the President of the College, Lawrence
Humphrey, by whom she became the mother of three Demies, William Inkforbie, the
brother-in-law of the President, held several College offices, and eventually accepted
a Winchester Rectory in 1592, which he held with that of Selborae after 1596. It is
difficult not to believe that he or some near kinsman was the William Inkforbie mentioned
above. Inkforbie's wife is mentioned below, p. 382.]

1 Victoria County Hist. Sussex, ii. 91,

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS

375

Draft of Comviission to Overseers of the Poor. 1621.

Overseers of the poore of the parish of nominated and

appointed by us this present yere viz the daie of Aprill Anno dni 1621

shall by vertue hereofif levie all such somes of money as by them shalbe
asseassed for the releife of the poore within the said parish, And shall distraine
and sell the goods of everie person that shall refuse to paie accordinge to their
taxation rendringe the overplus to the ptie. Geoven at Southvvick under our
hands & seales the daie and yere above written.

[MS. f. 87 V.

John Pitt of Chiddien in Hamelden [= Chidden, a tithing in Hambledon
hundred] to have the peace against Elias Pelie of Hameldon [Hambledon was
the village where 30 years later Charles II spent the night at the house of his
guide, Col. Gunter's brother-in-law],

[MS. f. 87.

F. Waller's Petition to Sir Thomas Bilson. Before 19 July 1621.

Most humbly Intreating yo^' good worship S^^' Thomas Bilson and to you &
yo'^ man Goodyer greeting : the Cause is this, my wryting unto you S^' is
for to request & desire yo'" worships ayd and assistance concerning the two Buls
and the fower Heffers w^^ the sayd Ilesley was committed by yo"" worship for,
desiring for two know whether I may not lawfully have them praysed and so for
two sell them, and (= if) it may be possibell good yo^ worship aid me in hit,
for the Cause is thus I must step asid and away, for beecause freeman of
Durley or of Frogmill have forth as I understand an Execution agaynst me for
his counter band w^^ the sayd freeman hau not bine damnified one penny, but
onely in suing for to bring in the bands, & soe forth w**i arrested the sayd
Ilesley's bease, and I was pledge for two bring him to his answer and could not
paye the money being Eightenne pounds full, and tooke up the bands & went
to the sayd freeman desiring for to have his Harmeley's band in to, and so to
end hit, karying forthwith to hime his sayd Charges before divers witnesses,
and hee would not for hee would hand the fantage or forfit of his counter bande
being Six Score & Eight pounds and theireof S^* I think it mete for two acquaint
yo^' worship with hit. Other good men, for I must be droven to put forth my
land and so to distribute my goods for a tyme untyll I canne take som corse
in it, I would yo^ worship should thinke that although I am forst to goe that it is
for no misdemannors although I sayet my selfe nor for one penny or pound of
debt but onely thus to be the cause meaning the Execution. Further mor sir
I would request of yo^' worship for to know whether I may not send to the Sises
some lawful! deputi, meaning some honest frend for to frame a bill of inditment
against the said Ilesley. Requesting for two send me in two or three words in
wryting and I would be much thankfull to yo^" Worship for hit, and so w*^
wepping teares I wayt theise few words wishing yo^" worships health you & yo"*^.

Yo^" poore Oreator for to Command
fra Waller.

Deliver this to Sir Thomas Billson Knight.

[MS. f. 8.

Deposition of Arthur Hyde relating to a distraint levied on
Weston Farm in the possession of Sir Thomas Bilson.

Arthur Hyde of Weston in the parish of Buriton in the County of South*^
yeoman aged fiftie eight yeares or thereabouts, deposeth that aboute sixteene
yeares nowe last past, this deponent being tenant unto the late most gracious
Oueene Elizabeth of Weston farme, by reason of the recusancie of one Stephen
Vachell Esquier deceased, duringe which tyme one of the Servants of the then
gen'all Receivoures of y® said Queene Eliz. reaveannes, in the said County of
Sowtht, came upon a peace of Lande of the said Weston farme, called the

37^

GOODYER

Readons. And have distrained certaine Cattell of his denonente for Arrearage
of rent of abowte fyve pownds, supposes to be done unto the said Queen
Elizabeth for which this deponent entered into bande in the some of [blank]
pounds, upon condicon either to paie the money, the then next Tearme
folowinge, or otherwise to discharge yt, whereupon the Corte beinge moved, 6c
fy^ndinge this deponent to be Tenante unto the said Ouene Eliz. o: all Weston
farme. under a certaine Rent, by reason of the Recuzancie of the said Vachell,
and that the said Reasone was but a small parcell of the said \\ eston farme,
And that this deponent, by the covenants of his Lease during the Recuzancie
of the said Vachell, was to be discharged of all Rents & charge payinge the
Rente reaserved in his Lease, the said Corte therupon detajmed the said
deponents bande. & toke order for the staye of the leavyinge of the said
Arrearage duringe the said Vachell Recuzancie. Sithence w*^^ tyme the
said Vachell being deade. And the said Weston farm being in the possession
of Sir Thomas Bilson Knight, And then the said \\ eston farm being discharged
of Recuzancie, there hath been leavied by the Sherif at sundry tymes the some of
Nyne pounds & tenne shillings by xx" shillinge on ye pound only, under coloure
of the said deoonents bande, which was taken for the said supposed Arrearage.
And yet none (notwithstanding so much payed, as aforesaid) theare is a newe
seisure, diverted to the said Sherif for the leavyinge of abowte six poundes, owte
of the said Lands called Readons, for the same Arrearage.

And this deponent further saieth. that he hath not beane Tenante. unto the
said Readons sihence the ende of his said Lease, which ys now about some
tenne yeares last past, and yet being tenant unto some other part of Weston
farme, by reason of the said bande (w^b was only taken for the said Arrearage
of Readon) he this deponent with some other of the possessors of Weston farme,
hath alreadie payed Xyne poundes S; tenne shillings, besides twoe shillinge at
any sevall tvme of seisure, to the Sherif his Bailies, w^^cometh unto xviii^ more.

[MS. f. 5.

[Weston is a tithing in the parish of Buriton which seems to have been, to some
extent, co-extensive with the manor of West Maplednrham. According to the authorities
quoted in the Victoria Coimty History of Hampshire, iii, p. 90, Stephen Vachell was part
lord of Weston in 1579. In September 1600 he forfeited two-thirds of his lands and
possessions for recusancy, and in December 1600 the queen granted the capital messuage
called Weston farm and lands in the parish of Buriton to Arthur Hide, for a term of
21 years. It is doubtful, however, whether Arthur Hide ever gained possession
of the manor, for in 1598 Vachell and others conveyed it to Nicholas Hunt and his wife,
from whom in 1607 Thomas Bilson, Bishop of Winchester, purchased it. After the
purchase Weston formed part of the manor of West Mapledurham.]

Draft of a Petition from the Tithing of West07t concerning
payments toivards repair of Red bridge. In handwriting
of John Goo dyer.

The names of those who were to goe to paie viij^ towards the repairinge of
Redbridge beinge required of the Inhabitants of this Tything, after they had paid
their proportionable hereinafter said rights as anciently they have don.

S"" Tho: Bilson John sen.

Hen: Bl: Tho: Wyse

Hen: Vok Tho: Kent

Jo. Tayler \\^\ Hall [or Hull]

who made with one accord this answer, that the inhabitants of the Upper half
hundred of Finchdeane have alwaies hetherto paid two parts and the Lower
half hundred but one pte of the said impostes uppon the sd Hundred, towards
the repations of the sd Bridge, and that they of the sd Tything of Weston have
latelie paid [blank] being their pte of the said third parte.

And that nowe they refuse to paie the sd 8- beinge a some imposted in them,
apportionable with the somes imposed on the other pans of the before said
lower half hundred, . . . the lower half hundred equall in payment with the
Upp , which they never did. And that they pray to have their case heard

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS

377

this next mich" Sessions when they hope to obtain an order that the lower half
hundred shall paie but a third part thereof as anciently it did.

And this rate now imposed, being not after the ancient manner, but an
encrease of charge to the lower half hundred by making them equall in payment
to ye upper half hundred, whose lands are allmost twice as good, the tything of
Weston being a small member of the lower half hundred, humbly pray they
may be heard this Sessions what they can say with the rest of the lower half
hundred for themsealfs.

[MS. f. 12.

Portion of a deed concerning lands at Bramshott and Kingsley
in whicJi John Goodyer ivas concerned.

This Indentnre made the 15*^

God of England, Scotland France and Ireland

[Dorothy his wife of the one part and] • John Goodyer

[pounds] * of good and lawfull money of England unto

the ensealing and delivery of these presents

[Release and Confirmation bearing even date] ^

[Sambrooke of London knight and Administrator] ^

[payment receipt and Satisfaction of which said] ^

[doth acquitt release and discharge the said John Goodyer his heirs] *

bargained sold and confirmed and by these presents doeth grant b[argain sell and confirm

and Parcefeild with all and singular the rights members and app

gardens Orchards Courts Courtyards and backsides thereunto bel[onging

Bramshott and Kingsley some or one of them in the said County [of Southampton

quantityes of acres hereinafter menconed (that is to say) the planted

estimacon Tenn acres three quarters of an acre and eight perches

One quarter of an acre and six perches Great jffrith containing by e[stimacon

acres three quarters of an acre and thirty two perches affeild

thirty perches Garden ffeild containing by estimacon eight acres

perches Great Waterfeild containing by estimacon Tenn acres &

by estimacon Six acres and halfe an acre and thirty two perches Gr

estimacon twelve acres and a quarter of an acre and sixteen perches

two HeatJiffeilds containing by estimacon one and twenty acres and

and Sixteen perches Upper Wassells containing by estimacon ffour

Lower Mead containing by estimacon eight acres and two perches

three quarters of an acre and twenty perches llie Green before th

acres Upper Mead coxi\.2amx\g by estimacon three acres Middle Me\adcox\.K.2i\xi\ag by estimacon

acres and an halfe of an acre and eighteen perches and also all

and wood ground thereunto belonging and also all those severall

called Woolmore containe together in the whole by estimacon Sixt

Mead and one Cottage with the Land thereunto belonging scituate

Closes and grounds are severally and respectively called or known and

possession of the said Andrew Wall and also all that dwelling house

and all those severall Closes or grounds severally and respectively cal[led or known and

likewise menconed that is to say The Upper Six acres containing by e[stimacon

thirty two perches the four acres containing by estimacon ffour acres

Hojnefeild containing by estimacon six acres and a quarter of an

containing by estimacon eight acres and an halfe and one and twe

perches Hillffeild containing by estimacon ffour acres three quar

tenn perches ( iitward Heathffeild containing by estimacon seven

.... Green ffeild containing by estimacon seven acres three q

[This portion of a deed, in which Goodyer's name is mentioned, was used as a wrapper
of a document belonging to Mrs. Ruck-Keene of Swyncombe, Oxon., who, discovering it
at the very moment of the discovery of Goodyer papers at Magdalen, has kindly per-
mitted its publication with them.

In the Victoria County History for Hants, ii, p. 493, are notes that Ludshott Manor
was acquired by Andrew Wall in 1638 from the Knight family (Feet of F. Hants. Hil.
13 Chas. I), and that in 1704 Samuel Diggle acquired the manor of John Goodyer (Feet
of F. Hants., Mich. 2 Anne).

A Sir Jeremiah Sambroke, Knight, Merchant, was on board the Earl of Barkley's ship
31 Jan. 1 68 1 and died 27 Apr. 1705.]

^ erased.

378

GOODYER

Goodyer's note relatifig to Rents in Wiltshire,

Chappel. Crine.

Richard Bedelcombeof Weeke in Dounton parish, aetat. 80 vel ultra, gathered
of Henry Davys of Chestgrove in Tisbury parish in Wilts, aetat. 72, who was
tenant to Edward Willowby gent, yerely as a Cheif Rent vjs. viij d. He was
gatherer as longe as M^" Barrowe was lord. Mr. Willowby never denied the
Rent, but denyed y^ service to Mr. Estroud in y^ open Court.

Mr. Willowby sould it to George Stable gent, whether he paid it or not, they
know not, he byd M^" Dawley shew wherefore he should paie it.

Mr. Staple sould it M^' Westfeild of Tilsford 7 or 8 mile beyond Warminster,

Hester Abell widdowe in the High St. at Salesbury nere to the Close gate.

[MS. f. 5 v.

Draft of an Order concerning the discharge of the Watch of the
Beacons hi Portesdown Division. In the hand of J. Goody er.

Whereas I have receaved letters from Sir R. T. knight one of ye deputy
liuetenens of this County of Southh. concerning the watch of the Beacons within
this Division of Portesdowne, which Beacons must be well kept & repaired, and
the watch of them to be presently discharged. Theis are therefore to require
you to cause the watch of ye Beacons within your hundred (if there be any)
presently to be discharged, and y^ rest performed according to y® contents of ye
said letters,

And hereof faile not as you will answer the Contrarie (?) at your peril.
Dat. 7.

[MS. f. 5 V.

[The Sir R. T. would have been Sir Robert Tichborne, who was living in 161 7.]

Goody er^s rough notes of Accounts 19 July 1621.

James Rabson of Hamelden Carpenter 10^ due onto Katherine his wiffe, for

wages long since due.
Stephen Woley.

hog rec'^ y® last year 16 )

rec*^ this year 96 \
hog spent this year 96

reed as appeareth 16 Wheate spent i66^|

Otes spent li. 196

has rec^^ ye last yere I37^ V ^20^1 ^

bought this yere 192 ) ^ ^

spent this yere 275^
reed as appeareth 54^

William Browne de Hoe infra parochia de Subberton ^ gent, To paie Ixxiij^'

the 11*^ of November next.
Will- Hatch de Clanfeild yeoman K^^^^^j^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^
Simon Hatch Blacksmith \ ^

To paie 11^^ the 19^^ of July 1621.

Hatch bondeth (?) S. k: in 40^^ to store harweste.

[MS. f. 8 V.

[Then follows a Description of ' Ye lesser Bellflower See p. 132.]

» [The Manor of East Hoe, Soberton, passed to \V. Browne, senior, of Hoe in 1619,
then to W. Browne, junior, his son.]

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS 379

Note coftcerning certain inhabitmits of Sober ton c. July 1622.

Willmus Arnold de Soberton yoman

Willmus Perrin de Subberton husb. . . . .

Johes Lower de Soberton husb. .....

That Margery Lower to keape y® peace ags^ Susan Talbott spinster.

[MS. f. 7.

Assessment in Goodyer^s handwriting. After 9 Nov. 16 ill.

[Acres ?]

{£

Tho. [Bilson]

433

Kent

125

Chaw

Fetter

Ra: Tribe

T. Deed

Wm. Tribe sen.

winnowed 17 7 3

jun.

spent 712

John Tribe

Blackman

10 6 I

Silvester

915

... I gall.

Anne the wiffe of John Ilsley of Prelingworth in

T husb. to have the peace against Tho: Ilsley.

[On the back of Laurence Davis' letter, dated 9 Nov. 1621.]

[MS. f. 9.

Note of proceediitgs at a Court held later than 9 Nov. 1621, affecting
persons living at Swamnore and Chedden.

Edward Collyn de Swanmor husb:

. . . Tho: Cludlie de eadem Carp. in 8^

To paie 4^^ 8^ : 20 Sept. 1622 in Tho: Cludlie's house.

Drewe of Hamelden served Thomas Pina and John Rynd and y® rest of
y® parishioners of Chedden as their comon shepherd.
Nic: Brittaine de Swanmore husb. . . . Jaspen in 20^.
To paie 11^ the 20*^^ Sept. 1622 in this C[ourt] house.

[A Botanical Fragment. Description of Thlaspi 14 July 1621,]

[MS. f. II.

Descriptions copied from LobeVs Adversaria of fonr plants. Perhaps
in preparation for a botanical excursion to Portland.

An thy His

Sedum Portltmdiciim
Hederacium Thlaspi
Papaz'er Cornuticiu.

[MS. f. 13.

Goodyers Notes 1625.
The 2 of May to have 100 Be ,8 foot longe & 4 foot 7 ynch lenght.
Robt Westbrooke ^ of Steep husb.
Hinde of Sheet

3 teneri pr. to paie 16^ 13^ 4^^ the 22 of July next.

& 16^1 3^ 4^^ the 21 of December 1625.
Ewie sat about 4 a clock to take fagotts.

[MS. f, 13 a.

[Below : the itinerary of a botanical excursion for Sept. 1624. See p. 51.]

1 Robert Westbrooke was a tenant of Magdalen College in the Spain Petersfield, about
1580 (Magdalen College, Ledger G. f. lo).

38o

GOODYER

for I corslett

Rough notes made by Goody er m November 1631.

The names of those w* were taxed to paie the muster Master's entertaynment.
Bilson 2 corsletts 2 musketts— at 9'* . . 6^
Hen. Vok

Tho. lee \ lor i corslett . . .1
Tho. Kent
Jo: Trybe
Jo: Pinke

Hall for i corslett . . . . i
Jo: Horwood for i muskett . . .1
Of all those above named I have demanded the somes they were taxed at
And they all do answer me they ought not to paie it.

Diett at Gilford

138

Otes— 2^ .

hey ....

greas for Coach

gave the hosier .

12^1

ferre at lambheath

Coach .

1 1*^

5 horses

Supp. at Kings head

10^

rem. 33 11

Edyn Haslett ? 2:

8s II"

7 hors at hey at 8
coch — ib
4 has — ib

4 «

5 4

Nutts ?
[1631]
Nov.

7. 2 bauhins

8. wyne w^^ Johnson
Diosc. .

Bruele [?]
Thevett
14. beane there .

4'
i8d

2^
12^

3 coch harnes (?)
I coch bridle

I ladie sadle, 3 g , 2 snaffle

bridles

Leo 1597.

Scholzius Aphorismes
Ludovicus Septalius, 1625.
Duncanus Liddelius
Plate[ar]ius
Wekeri Syntaxis 1576
Petri Bayri Enchiridion, quae Veni
mecu vocant. 1578

•9sn s,9jiA\ siq ui sauioD ;s3a95Ui
9q; '(t) 9JII 9UA\o siq Suunp 9SB9pj ji^J9U9§ s;59ujng J9q}9qAV — S}}9a 'i^i

[MS.f. 12.

Roll of Armour-bearers, Pio7ieers, and Spearmen of Buriton,
(Before 1633. Not in Goodyer's hand.)

BeriUm

The earmur bearers.
Robberd Heath with a muscet.

and Jasper Hillis with a muscet both of i\F Walkers.
Randol Jouning for John Benet his muscet.
Richard Searl with a muscet.
Neckolas Greenwood with a muscet.

ab. Thomas Linter.
ab. John Pinssers.

Steeven Pit.
ab. William Barker, the elder.

William Tayler.
ab. Richard Cheas.

MISCELLANICOUS PAPERS

381

The names of the Peionors.
[Larence Plidger and Richard Paige] (erased).
John Barker, hors post.
John Pitter, foote post.

Vitllers John Luf and Richard Plidger the younger.
Carters Arter Cornwel, Benge Paige and Henry Burch.

Spear Men.
musk. James Poell.

— Peeter Heath.

— Umphery Biges.

— William Parker,
musk. John Weiet.

ab. William Chrispe
ab. Francis Miles,
ab. William Hide,
ab. Andrew Hickman.

musk. Thomas Paterick.
Larenc Brasier.
ab. Larenc Pinssers.
ab. Robberd Holt,
ab. John Hide.

— William Barker the younger.

— Neckolas Bokkis.

— James Bate.

— Thomas Horn. [MS. f. 12 v.

The Names of the Spare Men within Tythinge of [s^/^f':rL'] (?).

Henry Beale.
William Whitcher.
Robert Whicher.
John Stummer.
Robert Wells.
[William Hide] erased.
John Inwood.
Robert Brigger.
Robert Betsor.

Nicholas Polen.
Humfrey Deane.
Thomas Jacob.
Arthure Tanner.
Edward Polen.
John Wiat.
Thomas Yalden.
Thomas Hunt.

Rychard Jenman,

Tythingman.

[MS. f. 137 V.

List of te7i Hampshire Women concerned in the payment of certain
Slims of money (Pearly 17th cent.).

Goodwife Hardinge of Hakle
„ Gaman of Hakle
„ Sharpe of Steepe
„ Eames of Lesse
„ Tyler of Leese
„ Chilese
„ Rose of Leese
„ Wheatle of Leese
„ Veryam of Hearting
„ Bakere of Frokesfeeld

Margerie Winnige

nij
inj
ij

of medlee
of medlee
of medlee
of medlee
of medle

[Written on blank leaf in the binding of Goodyer's copy of Crescenfms.']
Goodyers Notes relating

Edward Williamson
Shidfield,^ husb..

of Lippock

all actions.
Seaminge lace
Edginge lace
Edging lace
Lace for ij Capps

to a shopping excursion to Winchester.
Butcher to release to Richard Costen of

ij yards
I yard
I yard \
j ell

16^1

One ell of Halland for ij Capps 18^

Caried to Win ton
S. money

[Goodyer's rough draft of a description of the
same sheet.]

^ Shed field, South of Bishops Waltham

58 2^
208
3s id

Broad-leaved

Elm is on the
[MS. f. 4.

38s

GOODYER

Goodyer's Memoranda for sJiopping for a lady, probably in Lo7idoit,

c, 1621.

20 yards of galome lace.
4 doz. buttons.

Horns (?) fustian 2 yards 3 qters.
Canvis j ell.

8 skeynes of sticching 1 1 ir • n -n

8 skeynes of sowinge f ^^^^ '''^^
2 oyle skins.

half a yard of Jeynes Fustian.

Cambrick j ell & qter at 3^ 6^^ or ... ell.

^pis Benwyn at the little Mineries neare Algate. if she wil paie to gev a
discharge from Holman, windmil (?) and Inkforbies wife.

The fan of a pinke color. Morgan to doe.

8 yards of 4^^ rebon of y® same pinke color, to desire M^*^ Ison for a patterne of
ye bredth & color.

6 yards of 2^ rebon of y® same colour. The fans handell to be doble gilt.

Mr. Bull was pd 5^ for 5 q*®'"^ ended y« 30*^ of Januarie 1621.
Mr. Wilson of Barbican.

50 needles of all sorts, none to bigge.
a girdle of stuff 18^ pise russet color,
a pound of Annis seed comfitts.
half a pound of English liquerish.
[A list of books on same page.]

[MS. f. 46.

Memorandum relating to Cor 71. 1631.
1631.

Wheate in y« lobell 13^

of Hughes 20^ Litle lobell ^2"^

of Voke 14^ (?) Jemox 23^ 2<i

Little lobell 3^ j^i
Win 4^ 31 (?) Jmox 2

Oct. 6 4^ Sept. 29 Mill 2

,,17 8^ Oct. 6 Mill 2

50^ 31 Oct. 13 Mill 3

Oct. 20 Mill 2 — 2^ 2<»

[MS. f. 132.

A71 account of purchases^ probably for his zvife, in 1634.

I yard ha. & ha. qter of white Cotton at 12*^ . i 7^

I skyn 11'

3 yards of fustian Rebon 06

10 paire of hooks & eyes o 2\

Canvis in the wostbud (?) & bustian . . .02

Silk 02

6 Buttons . . . ' 01

3 10

Making the hose . .12

lengthening the other .8 i 10

5 8

[MS. f. 14.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS

Accounts 1646-50.

Paye 7: y: behind 4^* 13* 4'* of this
ReC' 1646: 6» 8^ and in May 1647
payd all but since Michaelmas 1649.

Stocker oweth i 18 Midsommer 1650.

besides this half i 8

Tomlinson d 13 9 [4 lines illegible]

i^i i8«

ded: i^' i2«

Knight 040

Wayd 010

Bold 0 13 4

A Long (?) ded:

This half ded: io'«

ded: i

Hall to ded: 2^ p. annum

Receaved

King

owes 4^ 2^ to Keens to

Anthony Corper

Paied 8*^, do a rent 3^

8'!

Isaak Knight

Collins ded. 13 4

Girdler

Baker on high

Thomas sen.

ded 1 2 4'i

John Pescod

Cariage payd

R. Rogers Life

Rd. Eomes ded: 3^ 2^^ &

J. Roke behind 0 yr

4 II and

besides this halfe

L. Rent i« 3^^

Lady day 1650.

Eomes last ded: 6^'

till the R day

PRESCRIPTIONS AND MEDICINAL NOTES.

Goodyer's views on medicine were evidently those of his senior by nine
years, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Lord Herbert conceived it a * fine
study, and worthy a gentleman to be a good botanic, so that he may know
the nature of all herbs and plants'. A gentleman should know how to
make medicines himself.

Tonic for a horse: a snuff: purchase of tobacco,

880. e. Anisum
557 g. calamintha
702 f. n. violetts
1 128 c. Spartium sp: broome:

Richard Skillingeri i« Feb:
Muscadine i pint ] pound ye sugar candy
Sugar candy an ounce & putt in ye yolks

Yolks of Eggs iij J with ye muse. & mak it luke vvarme & geve it your
horse when you travell.

Euphorbius putt into ye nose to sneese.

Tabaco 4*^
Pulletts 4^
Alresford 4*1

[MS. f. 4.

1 The Skillings were a well known Hampshire family, A Richard Skilling sold the
Manor of Lainston in 16 13 {Vict. County Hist. Hants, iii, p. 445).

384

GOODYER

Ointment for the Spleen^ e. 1621.

Unguentum et emplastrum per liene
11- olei de capparibus
de absinthio
amygdal: am:
aceti scillini

Misceantiir probe, et inbregatur plen per dies 7 mane
et vespi, dein apponatur emplastrum sequens
1^ gummi amoniaci clari in aceto scillini solut
piperis nigri
olibani puri ana 5vj
In mortario calido misceantur et applicetur parti calide.

Put a little vinegar in a hot morter, and you putt the amoniacum and stirr it
with a pestell and it will quickly be a plaister.

Mr. Michaell Easton an apothecary on y® south side of y^ greate conduit
neare Cheape Side And pray him to have the trewe Amml.

[MS. f. 46 V.

[ana 5vj

List of plants.

Beta Candida

rough Hyssope. Hyssopus incana
Acinos odoratissimum
Angelica
Auena nuda

hawes of glassenbury thorne
Astrantia nigra
Eruca peregrina Clusii
Cochlearia out of y® north

Condrilla rara flore purpurante. cb.ii6
Aster conyzoides Virginiana
Helianthemum radice repente Vir-

ginianum
Ephemerum Virginianum
Sumach vir.

Slum segetum & agrorum, HonewoFt

Cuminum Candiae

Seseli massilense. thapsia.

[MS. f. 46 V.

Prescription.

conserv. floru fumariae et 1

Radicum cichorei ]^^^ ^is
pulpae cassiae 3iij
confectionis hamech)

ana 3

diaprunis solut |
pulv. subtilissimi foliorum Sennae 3iij
tartari albi 3jfs
pulveris electuaiij triasantali 3fs
Misc & cu syrupo de citron compos.

cij Rheo fiat electuarium instar opiatae.

[Goodyer has copied out this prescription twice over.]

[MS. f. 128.

Hoggs grease I ^f^^j^
Sallett oyle 1
Litarge of gold

Recipe, c. 9 Feb. 1627.

green Amoniac)^^^j^
Opopanax )

Boyled & made uppe by art into a plaister, the gummes must be clarified w^^
vinegar & made uppe into a true body.

[MS. f. 129.

MISCELLANEOUS TAPERS

3«5

Recipe : fragment of a petition : note on ailments of John Neale :

note on local maladies of Selborne.

20 Mar. 1662.
Rosen that is blackish
Fresh lard a wallnutt
Crovvne sope a wallnutt

Boil till it sets clere. H

keepe stirringe.
Elder
Som ...

I This recipe is written in a shaky hand.]

Mar. 22. John Neale in Lippock, the howse is called Gurmes, hadd a tliird
Ague, & hath lost him about a moneth & nowe hath a great cough.

The Line of Selborne Goute
Scurvie
Dropsie.

[These notes are wTitten by Goodyer on a fragment of a Petition of Glasier
and Good of earlier date.]

uppon all or any ye said premisse, not
desistinge from youre Crueltyes and insolencyes, for ye entreatyes and
lamentacong as well of yo"^ said poore subiects Richard Glasier and ye said
Elizabeth Good, as of strangers and lookers on, intreatinge but forbearance
untill harvest tyme was paste, for ye mowinge of ye grasse, —

[MS. f. 16.

Note of Localities of nortJicrn plants, perhaps supplied by Shanne :

notes of books : method of taking Laudanum.
Richard Shanne.

Pyrola grovveth in shadowed woods in Craven, in a place called Craggie Close
in Lansdale.

Monophyllum groweth in Lancashire in Dingley Wood & in Harwood neare
to Blackburne. [Quotation from Get^ard emac. p. 409.

latrionices medicamentorum Simplicium liber 2 continens eo quos ad probus,

ventrem, interanea que attinent. Otho Brunfelsii authore.

Viaticii novu per Casparu Wolphiii 1565.

Laudanu §fs gr. 2 to be given w. a little conserve of Roses or any other
Conserve, and mare ale after it.

[MS. f. 15.

List of Chirnrgical Works.

John Vigo w^^ certayne works published as by Tho: Gale.
Philippe Barone works of Chirurg. v
Ambrosius Parrius
Chametans

Tagaultius I Chirur:

Franciscus Arcaeus I
Jacobus Ruess de generacione hominis )
Variorumque Scotus or Chirurgie magnie
Margarita Chyrurgica by S: H: student in Physicke.
Schola Salerni.
Banisters Chirurgerie.
English Phlebotomy by Nicholas Guyer.
Pathway to Health.

Chimicall Phisicke and hermeticall Phisicke written by Josephus Luersi-

tanus, translated by Tho: Tyme, minister.
The secrets of Alexis of Piemount.
The secrets of Albertus Magnus.
Bord his brevary of Health.

C C

386

GOODYER

I [alls boke of Chirurgerie.

Antidotarium speciale a Jo: Jacobo Vueckero.

Bartholomewe Glanfeild translat per Stephen Batman, Chaplayne to the

Erie of Oxford.
Cochinelo ground mingled with water gumme water.
Fernelius Judgement of Urines.

[MS.f. 131.

May
22

23
24

Weather record for the last part of May 16 21 (?).

$ D

n D

23
26
27
28
29
30
31

Rayne
A 5 ))
A 7/$ i)
A G ])
]) in apog.

thunder

9 a. winds & clouds,
temprate
full moon
var cur.

10 a.

11 a.
II a.

[Written on a paper on which Goodyer afterwards wrote his draft description
of the Jerusalem Artichoke on 17 Oct. 1621.]

[MS.f. 116.

Miscellaneous Notes. Lists of Fruit Trees and Plants. Dates of

Assizes.

Rec. 9 Feb. 1627 of Christopher Potecary of Stockton 5 myle from Venny
Sutton Clother.

1. Burgomaster peare till Easter

2. Kingekaterine 3 grafts lill All S.

3. Painted peares

4. Norwich peare

Southt Wed.

1. Harvey aple

2. Ouadlinge aple
bunch cherry

lilli: convall: flo: rubro
Aconitum luteum Ponticum
Lamium Pannonicum
Laburnum leaved trefoile
Colutea minor
An i sum

Digitalis minor lutea

Astragaloides

Balsamita flo. alb.

Aconitum flo. delphinii

Geranium creticum vaiiegatum

Paralisis flo: viridi simplici

Sedum serratum

Cotiledon minor

Gelsimum luteum

Fragaria fructu aculeato

Geranium gratia dei batrachoides albo,

coerul. et variegat.
Thlaspi vaccariae folio
Jacea Baetica
Thlaspi Mechlinense

„ Creticum
Hissopus latifolia

5 Mar. Wimbor[ne]
Dor. lun. 10 Mar. Dorchester

Somers. wed. 12 Mar. Chard
Cornub. wed. 19 Mar. Lanceston
Exon. civit. lune 24 Mar. Exon Gildhall
Devon. Eadem die apud Cash . . .
Wiltes martii j*^ Apr. apud Sarum
18 Maij rem. 4^^ 5^ 4^ ob.

[MS. f. 129.

Salvia versicolor
Yucca
Paliurus ?
Pistachio

Periclimenum rectum
Laurus Tinus
Trachelium
Rosmarinum
Xardus montana
Gentianeila verna
Ranunculus thalictri folio
Polygonatum Virginianum
Ignotum ex Virginia
Tanacetum striatum et hissopus
an Meum alterum

Cicer arietinum flo. . . . et fructu albo

Cicutaria max.

Acanthus syl.

Keyri max.

Sorbus legittimus

Jacea lutea

Pimpinelia fl. albo

Cirsium mont. mains

[MS. f. 129.

INDEXES
GOODYER'S PLANT LISTS

The following Alphabetical List (Index I) includes plants with
which Goodyer was acquainted, or which happened to interest him.
The great majority were in cultivation in English gardens or were
those whose native habitat he had discovered. That it was not ex-
clusively a garden-list is indicated by the presence in it of ' Quercus
marina' and of other seaweeds, but it may have been a catalogue
of one of his Horti sicci. There are two copies of this list in
Goodyer's handwriting (MS. ii, fif. 47-59). The fair copy seems
to have been written out in the winter of 161 7 and it remained
in use for many years, for several additions dated 1618, 1625, 1^28,
1634, &c., have been made later. A few of these added notes are
printed below, in the form of foot-notes, but the greater number,
being dated, have already been included among his descriptions of
plants on page 109 ct seq. The names are mostly those used by
Gerard and Lobel, with a few taken from Dodoens, Clusius,
Deleschanips, and Matthiolus, a fact which points to the date of
the compilation of the original list being anterior to the appearance
of Bauhin's Pinax. Goodyer quotes references to pages of Lobel
and Gerard (1597) throughout, but these, and his synonyms, have
been omitted for the sake of economy of space.

We interpret the letters C, P., or F. in the margin as meaning
that the plants so marked were growing in the gardens of Coys,
Parkinson, or Franqueville respectively.

These two lists, written out as they were within a few months
of one another and including additions up to the year 1634, are
therefore of importance for tracing the spread of plants in English
gardens. In the earlier list the number of plants marked P
(Parkinson) is 239, in the later list 264, and the numbers of plants
marked C (Coys) are 147 and 324 in the two lists respectively.
Eight are marked as growing in Franqueville's garden.

The indexes do not include the names in Tradescant's lists,
printed on pages 331-46, which should also be consulted.

c c 2

INDEX I

Pt.ant-Names used by Goodyer.

Names in ordinary type are printed from Goodyer MS. ii, ff. 47-59.
Names in italics occur in Goodyer's other MSS., and are probably
of later date than the others.

C = grown in the garden of Coys.

P =
F =

c Abies. 320

Abrotanum mas.
c „ foemina. 318

Absinthium marinum album,
Seriphium vulgare. 281
P Absinthium folio Lavendulae.

vulgare Ponticum.
CP „ insipidum. 319, 353

Acanthium album.
C Acanthus svlvestris aculeatus.

CP „ sativus. Brancaursina.

3c6,3i8

C Acarna flo. rubro, like Carduus
mariae, but higher & lesser. 145
Acer maior. We call this a

Sycomore tree.
Acer ininor. 275,283
Acetosa inaxivia. 194
Achillea sideritis. 155
Acinos. 120,166,280,296
P Aconitum hyemale.
CP ,, luteum Ponticum. 318

CP ,, lycoctonum flore

Delphinii. 318
p Acorum legittimum. 177
Adianthum album et nigrum. 263
Adonir. 136, 319

C Aegylops.
CP Aethiopis. 305
F Agnus castus. 326

Agrimonia.
C Agrioriganum.

Aizooii. 152
CP Alaternus. 270,317,346,355
CP Alcea peregrina.
p „ vulgaris.

,, vulgaris albo flore. in
Alchimilla. 275, 306

Alleluia offic. Opis alba. 275
C „ offic. Opis lutea.

Alliaria recentiorum. Ill
Allium.

„ ursinum latifolium. 260,27 5
See also Index

„ Parkinson.
„ Franqueville.

Allium silvestre tenuifolium.

260, 316

Alnus.

» nigra. 175, 287

Aloe. 261
C Alopecuros gramen. 321

Alsine corniculata.
CP „ repens maior baccifera.

261, 318

P maior
,, minima

,. hederacea) „•
„ hederula [ Morsus galh.

„ foliis trissaginis. 284
„ my OS Otis. 129
,, pahistris. 179
., aquatica. 194,280
„ floscidis coiiniventibus.

195

,, serpillifolio. 275
Althea. 287, 305, 346, 354

C Alyssum Dioscoridis.
C Amara dulcis.
CP Amaranthus purpureus.
CP Ammi vulgatius. 306, 320

CP Amomum Plinii. 320
Amygdalus.

Anagallis. 284
CP ,, foemina coerulea. 287
„ lutea. 187, 293

,, aquatica.

195, 282, 300
5, aquatica tercia. 1 1 1
IT Anagyris. 326
P Anchusa lutea. 277
C ,, supina lusitanica non
script.

Androsace. 150,281
Androsaemum ; Climenon Italo-
rum. 283
P Anemone flo, pallido. I cannot
sett downe the varieties I have
seene. 306
Anemone Cardinals Hatt.

// and p. 334.

GOODYER'S LIST OF PLANTS

.389

Anemone pleno rubro.
„ coeruleo.
C „ nemorum albo pleno

Acre. 318
Anemone nemorum albo.

„ nemorum purpurea.
C Anelhum.

Angelica sativa.

silvestris. 275

Anisum.

Anonis. 277,287,355
CP Anthora.

Anthyllis leguminosa Belgarum.
,, montana Deles. 11 50.
Anonymos lini folio Clus. 324 ;
Leguminosa Belgarum Lo. O.
87. Ger. 1060. Gerard's figure
of Lagopus max. p. 1023 is
likewise a trewe figure of this.

117

c Anthyllis Valentina Lo. 421 ;
Herniaria Boelii Clus. Cicr.
post. p. 37. Ger. p. 452 hath
a false figure. 318
Antirrhinum album. 306
C „ minimum.

purpureum.
p „ minus.

115, 143, 275. 292
C „ mains Baeticum

flore rubro.
Aparine.

Aphaca. 275
Apium hortense.

„ crispum. 172
C ,, Virginianum, Petrose-
linum.

Aquifolium sive Agrifolium.
P Aquilegia.

I have seene of more colors
than I can nowe remember.

287, 347

C „ multiplex,

c Aracus maior Baeticus. 138
„ minima. 193
Arantia.

P Arbor vitae. 327
C „ ^ Judae. 317, 346

Arciiii7n montanum. 194, 2S0
C Argemone. i55>32o
„ capituiolongiore. 178
AriaTheo[phrasti] Lo. o. 167. G.
1 146. Why he calleth it a haw-
thorne I knowe not. Deles.
202 hath a very trewe figure of
it. We call it quick beame.

CP Arisarum latifolium. 319
CP Aristolochia clematitis. 306
P „ rotunda.

Armeniaca malus.
Armeria alba et rubra, & of
scverall colours on one slalk.
C Armeria varia. 346
Artemisia. 284
Arum offic. 280
Arundo Vallatoria. 176,280
I' Asaium.
CP Asclepias fiore albo.
CP flore nigro.

Ascyron. 275, 283-4

Asparagus sativus.
Asperula.
CP „ flore coeruleo.

Asphodeliis. 145, 319

Asplenium. 263
„ silvestris Tragi.
CP Aster Italorum.
CP „ conizoides ex Virginia.

120, 347

P Astragalus. 16, 347

CP marinus. 140

P Astrantia nigra. 347
CP Atractylis flo. luteo.

Atriplex marina repens. 285,300
„ sativa alba.
„ sativa purpurea.
„ silvestris.
P olida.
Avena vesca.
Avenaria ustilago.
P Auricula ursi flore rubro.
,, flore purpureo.

P Baccharis Monspeliensium.
C Balsamina foem.
Balsamita mas.
„ foem.
C „ foem. flo. albo. Age-

ratum.

Barbarea. 320
C ,, species. Beros ex

Hispania. 317
Bardana minor. 128
Batata Virginiana. 320, 356

,, Hispanorum at Mr. W°'

Yaldens 21 Aug. 1637.
Bellflower, Lesser. 132
Bellis maior.

,, maior silvestris.

„ hortensis multiplex flore

rubro.

Bellis hortensis multiplex flore
albo.

Bellis hortensis multiplex varie-
gatus.

C Bellis spinosa. 316, 318, 321
Berberis. Holythorne.
Beta rubra.
„ alba.

Sec also Index 11 and p. 334.

390

INDEX I

Beta marina. 281, 285

„ Cretica. 1 36

Betonica.
C ,, maior Danica.

flo. albo.

319. 324
319

., aquatica.
Betula. 175
Betulus. 275
Bifolium.
P Bistorta maior. Reddshancks

or leggs._
P Bistorta minor. 347
CP Blattaria flore luteo. 112
C „ flore albo. 347
purp. _ 327

C maior lusitanica flo.

odoratissimo.
Blitum. 320
C sen Amaranthi species

sem. nigro, like Amaranthus
tricolor.

C Blitum spinosum Creticum. 136

Bonus Henricus.
C Borago hortensis. 128
C hortensis flo. albo.

,, semper virens,
CP Botrys. 260
Brassica vulgaris sativa.
„ florida botrytis.
„ marina monospermos.

285

capitata alba.
„ capitata rubra.
„ prolifera. Colewort.
Bromos sterilis.

Bryonia alba. 262
,, nigra. 127, 262

Buglossa hispanica. 277
Buglossum angustifolium.
., echioides luteum.
CP „ scorpioides. 131, 318
Bugula. 280
Bulbocastanon.
P Bupthalmum Dod. 327, 354-
C primum Mathioli.

Gerard hath the same fig.
under the title of Buph-
thalmum album p. 607.

154, 318

Bursa pastoris.

Buio77ins. 177, 258

Buxus. 347

P Cachris verior. Gerard, p. 858,
hath the figure of Seseli massi-
liense Mathi. for it.
Cahwiagrostis. 172, 288

CP Calamintha montana praestan-
tior.

Calamintha montana vulgaris.

aquatica Belgarum.

275

P Calceolus Mariae. 347
Calendula simplici flore.
muitiflora.
3, prolifera.
C ,, siivestrismediofusca

Boet.

C Calendula silvestris medio lutea
Boet.

Caltha palustris. 347
P ,, palustris multiplex.
CP Campanula persici-folia. flo.
albo et caeruleo. 347
Campanula minor rotundifolia.
Cannabis sylvestris spuria altera.
„ sylvestris tercia.
„ spuria. 194
CP Capnos altera fabacea radice.

263

Capsicum.

Caput gallinaceum Belgarum.

178

Cardamine altera. Lady smocks.

280

i7}2patie7is. 189

P Cardiaca.

Carduus acaulis septentriona-
lium. 145
P Carduus Mariae lacteus.

i45> 320

C „ flo. nu-

tante.

CP Carduus globosus maior. 327
CP „ globosus minor.
„ stellatus.
„ e7'iocephahis, see Co-
rona fratrum. 320
C Carduus stellatus flo. luteo
monspel.
Carduus Benedictus.

spinosissimus.
C „ bulbosus monspel.

I44< 3I9

,, viarum flo. purpureo \
viarum flo. albo \
112,145

We have a kind here that
smells like Musci.
Carlina silvestris. 112
C Caryophyllata maior rotundi-
folia.

P Caryophyllata vulgaris.

Caryophyllus marinus.
C proliferus.
C „ repens.

multiplex. I have
seen more varieties of them
than 1 can set downe.

Sec also htde?: II n>id p. 33.

GOODYER'S LIST OF PLANTS

391

F
CP

Carum. C

Castanea. 174,346 c

Catanance.

Cataputia minor.

Cnttaria tuber osa . 161,318

Caucalis maior Lusit. 128 c

,, vulgaris albis floribus.

„ nodoso echinato se-
mine. 114
Caucalis alterum script. c

„ puinila. 195 P

Cauda muris.

Centaurium floribus luteis.

maius. 275, 305-6
,, parvum.

maius flore luteo. c

Cepa alba.
„ rubra.

Cerasus nigra. P
„ Virginianus. 321
„ vulgaris.

vulgaris duplici flore.
Cerefolium vulgare. 263
Cerinthe flore luteo. 128, 180
„ flore rubro. 128, 320
Ceterach. 230
Chamaecerasus. 326
Chamaecyparissus. G. 952, p
which is the figure of Muscus
terrestris clavatus alter Mathi. cP
p. 120. Most authors take this c
plant to be Abrotanum foem. c
1 knowe not where there is c
a trewe figure of our Lavender c
Cotton. C
Chamaedrys. CP
„ sylvestris.
„ laciniatisfoliis.
Chamaefilix marina.
Chamaeiris.
Chamelaea tricoccos.
Chamaemelum.

„ albo duple flore.

319

nudum odora-
tum. 281
Chamaemespilus Gesneri.
Chamaemorus.

Chamaenerium Gesneri. iii
Chamaepytis mas. 275 P

„ vermiailata. 179 C

Characias monsp.

„ amygdaloides, our
Woodspurge.
Chelidonium maius. 357 C

„ minus. 1 1 5, 359 CP
Chondrilla semine deciduo p

purpurante.
Chondrilla coeruleo flore. 326
Christophoriana. 288, 329

284
317
230

347

317

FCP
P
CP

Chrysanthemum creticum. 134
„ spinosum Boe-

ticum.

Chrysanthemum segetum. G.
605 a false figure. 135

Chrysanthemum Boeticum non
scriptum. 135

Chrysanthemum tenuifol. Boe-
ticum. 135

Cicer rubrum velarietinum. 306

Cicercula Clus: 236, it is like to
Lathyrus. 354

Cichor.um sativum coeruleum.

260

„ silvestre.
„ flo. rubro.
J, verrucaticm. 151
Cicuta.

Cicutaria latifolia foetidissima.
fatua.
„ palustris.
„ tenuifolia. G. 905. It
is ye fig. of Myrrhis Math,
p. 814. Turner 2 pt. fol. 60
calls it Mock Chervell, but
what C^sshes there mentioned
should be, 1 knowe not.
Circaea lutetiana.
Cirsium anj^licum.

„ maius.
Cistus mas.

foemina.
ledon.

288
317
317
317

317,359

annuus semine albo.
Clematis peregrina flo. rubro.
,, daphnoides maior. 348
„ daphn. minor flore
albo.

Clematis daphn. minor flore

coeruleo.
Clematis daphn. minor flore

purpureo pleno.
Clematis coerulea Pannonica.

326

flo. purpureo.
Cloudberry.
Cnicus flore coeruleo.
Cochlearia Batava.
„ Britanica.
„ rotundifolia maior.
„ rotundifolia minor.

317

Colchicum flo, albo et purpurea.

no, 300

Colus Jovis. 319, 320

Colutea Theophrasti.

„ scorpioides.
Coniza media.

minima.

aquatica laciniaia. 193

195
317
288

Sec also Index II and p. 354.

392

INDEX I

Coniza cojrulea. 162
G Consiligo Ruellii.
p Consolida regalis. 281
„ regalis florepurpureo.
regalis albo.
regalis rubro.
,, regia segetum.
Convohniliis minor.

coe7-uIeiis viinof'
Baeticus. 129
Convolvulus coeruletcs Bryoniae
folio. 153
C Coriandrum.
c Cornu cerviiim ex Italia,
p Cornus mas. 305, 346

„ foemina. 346
CP Corona fratrum. 109, 127, 146
Coronopus.

„ repens Ruellii. 261
P Cortusa Mathioli.

Corylus persimilis Aeno. Nux

avellana.
Corylus sylvestris.
Cotonea mala. Quince tree.
Cotula foetida. We call it
Margin. * 135^ 3oo

Cotyledon aquaticum.
Crassula.
C J, maior Hispanica. 319
Crateogonon rubrum. 118
Crista galli offic. 261
Crithmum. 193, 357

Cruciata minor. 352
C Cucumis asininus. 347

„ sativus.
P Cupressus. 306, 337

Cuscuta. 112, 163

P Cyanus maior.

„ vulgaris flo. coeruleo.

119

C ,, varius.
CP Cyclamen folio Hederae.

284, 319

CP Romanum orbiculato

folio. 319
C Cymbalaria Italica. 163, 317
Cynara maxima.

maxima alba.
C „ sylvestris.

Cynocrambe. G. 263 hath ye
fig. of Phyllon Achenogonon
for it. 275
Cynoglossum maximum.

147, 284

folio.

C Daucus Cretensis. 284,318,359
„ Hispaniacs. 327
Dens leonis vulgaris. 115, 319
P Dentaria bulbifera. 123,186
P Digitalis ferruginea. 186,327
P „ flo. pallido luteo. 327
„ purpurea. 262
C alba minor.

Dipsacus sativus.
„ silvestris.
PC Doronicum Romanum. 347
Draco herba.
Dracontia anguina.
Dryopteris. 183, 189,275, 302

p Ebulus.

Echium vulgare.
c ,, flo. rubro.
c angustifolio.

Ill

288
317
317

C ,, omnium maximum Lusi-
tanicum flo. carneo. 317
Elatine Dioscorid : Veronica
foemina Fuchsii altera. 163
Endivia.
Enula campana.
E pier ion. 275
p Epimedium.

Equisetum. 282, 284

Erica. I have not observed the
differences. 280, 288

C Eruca maior flo. albo. 320
„ palustris mijior. 292

sativa.
„ silvestris.
p Ervila. 16, 141

Erygeron.
CP Eryngium coeruleum Alpinum.
c „ Alpinum flo. albo.

317

CP „ luteum Monspel.
,, Mediterraneum.

marinum. 1 10

Erysime similis.
CP Erysimum Italicum & Mathioli.
„ Diosc.
„ Theo.

„ ii Tab. 191, 293
P Esula maior. 263
exigua.

'oiunda.

327

Boeticum Buglossi
317

Cyperus longus. English Galin-
gale.

Cyperus g ramineus. 175
CP Cytisus maior sempervirens. 317

.Sec also Index II and p. 334.

Euonimus Theophrasti. 346
Eupatorium cannabinum foem.

„ mas. 275
Euphrasia. 283
„ 2^ Dodonaei. 117
„ 2 Dod. flo. albo. 150

Faba maior recent.
CP ,, silvestrisGraecorum. Faba
veterum. 140

GOODYER'S LIST OF PLANTS

393

C Faba veterum serratis foliis. 140
Fagus. 188, 189

Ferrum equinum Germanicum
siliquis in sunimitate. 187
CP Ferula.
Ficus.
p „ Indica.
P Filipendula.

Filix mas. 1 8 1-3

„ foem.

spinosa. 230
„ palustris. 230
P Flammula Jovis subrecta. 359
CP Flos Adonis flo. rubro. 136, 319
P Africanus.
P solis. 166

P „ solis Peruvianus. 167
Foeniculum vulgare. 296
„ dulce.
C silvestre Lusitani-

cum. 318
CP F'oenugraecum.

Fontilapathum pusillum.
Fragaria.

„ maior subalba.
,, sterilis.
CP Fraxinella.

Fraxinus. 114
Frumentum Turcicum. We call

it Virginian wljeate.
Fumaria. 263, 359

,, claviculisdonatis. 151
Fungi. 196,278,283,353

Galega.

306, 327

C „ flo. albo.
c Galeopsis Clus. legittimo.

317, 359

C ,, Pannonica flo. rubro.
flo. albo lusit.
„ flo. rubro elegantis-
simo Boetico. 317
Galium luteum. 113
„ album. 192
CP Genista Hispanica. 353
„ Scoparia vulgi.
„ Scorpius primus Clusii.
Furze.

Genista spinosa min or. 189,282
„ „ 7najor. 190

Genistae rapum.
Genistella infectoria.

aculeata. We call this
Stichwort.
CP Gentiana maior. 284
CP concava.
P ,, minor sive Cruciata.

„ minima. 287
P Geranium flore coeruleo.
P „ malvoides.

Geranium Columbinum.

191, 281, 293, 301
„ Robertianum. 281
CP „ Haematodes. 319

moschatum.

147

„ moschatum inodoruni.
,, sanguinar.
c Creticum. 147

c „ Boeticum species. 146
,, saxatile. 185
„ Roma7iiun. 327
Gladiolus palustris. 258
Glastum sativum.
Glaux vulgaris. 140
„ ixiguamarittima. Atrewe
figure in Delesc. p. 487. 352
Glycirrhiza. 275, 283

Gnaphaiium Americanum. 148
Anglicum.
„ vulgare.
„ inarinum. 148
Gramen iunceum. 282
„ fluviatile.

,, exile hirsutum. We call
this Hares here. 285
Gramen marinum spicatum.
„ aquaticum Cyperoides.

194

„ caninum. 257
„ caninum nodosum.
„ tomentarium.
„ leucanthemum.
„ cristatum. 157
„ bufonhwi. 275
„ treinulum. 158, 285, 289
„ pa7iiceum. 195
Gramen sp.

249, 257, 282, 285-6, 289
c • „ lupuli glumis. 158,347
c „ striatum.
CP „ plumosum. 289, 318
„ Alopecuroides. 282
,, ak^KTpvovvpo^. 10 Feb.
1622. 171
Gramen parnassi. 180
CP Gratiola. 305, 317

„ latifolia. 301
P Guaiacum Patavinum.

Halicacabus. 2j^, 359

P Halymus vulgaris. G. 420. No

good figure.
C Halymus surrectus Clusii. 320
Hedera corymbosa communis.
„ terrestris.
CP Hedysarum clypeatum. 147, 3 18
P „ sine securidaca.305

C „ securidaca maior

Clusii.

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